Hattingen is a town in the northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .
72-587: Hattingen is located on the south bank of the River Ruhr in the south of the Ruhr region . The town was first mentioned in 1396, when the Duke of Mark granted permission to build a city wall. Today, Hattingen has a picturesque historic district with Fachwerk (timber-framed houses) built between the 14th and 16th centuries. The old city is still partly surrounded by the city walls today. There are three castles remaining within
144-462: A "collective security system with Russia's involvement", to which Scholz said that this is an example of minimum criteria to govern which is not negotiable. The Left's lead candidates stated that those demands are a tribute to the party's historic anti-imperialist roots rather than reflecting ambitions to govern at the federal level and a discussion on the future of NATO is also being led by centrists such as France's Emmanuel Macron . The party struck
216-499: A boon for an effective power-sharing deal: since all three parties already call for a wealth tax, for example, it's unclear what policy Die Linke could sell its supporters as a win even if were to get its hands on the coveted labour ministry." Both the SPD and the Greens did not speak much on the subject but did not rule it out in public, although in private they were more sceptics. One SPD delegate
288-468: A change in leadership, with Katja Kipping and Bernd Riexinger stepping down after nine years as party co-leaders. They were succeeded by Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow at a party conference held digitally on 27 February 2021. Wissler is considered a member of the party's left wing, formerly aligned with the Socialist Left faction, while Hennig-Wellsow is considered a moderate and part of
360-452: A decline of 2.3 percentage points. The Left suffered their worst showing since their official formation in 2007, failing to cross the 5% electoral threshold by just over one-tenth of a percentage point. The party was nonetheless entitled to full proportional representation, as it won three direct constituencies . With a fifth grand coalition being dismissed by both the CDU/CSU and the SPD,
432-408: A four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' number of eligible voters. Each voter can cast two votes: a constituency vote (first vote) and a state party list vote (second vote). Based solely on the first votes, 299 members are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. The second votes are used to produce
504-600: A local referendum. The Federal Returning Officer felt compelled to request a report from the State Returning Officer Petra Michaelis. In some polling stations ballot papers were missing or ran out and could not be delivered on the same day due to the Berlin marathon . Ballot papers (of which there were 115 different variants in Berlin) and postal voting documents were also swapped. Many votes were cast long after
576-583: A party congress in January 2018 a majority of the party's delegates voted to support the coalition talks. The text of the final agreement was agreed to by the CDU/CSU and the SPD on 7 February, though was conditioned on the approval of a majority of the SPD's party membership. The 463,723 members of the SPD voted to approve or reject the deal from 20 February to 2 March, with the result announced on 4 March. A total of 78.39% of members cast valid votes, of which 66.02% voted in favor of another grand coalition. Merkel
648-520: A party must receive more second votes nationwide than the electoral threshold of 5%. This requirement is waived for parties winning at least three single-member constituencies. As result of this waiver, parties have benefited on three occasions, such as the DP in the 1957 West German federal election and the PDS in the 1994 German federal election . Parties representing recognized national minorities are exempt from
720-602: A proportional number of seats for parties, first in the states, and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method . If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in every single state under certain conditions, such as a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have filed
792-561: A result of the repeat election, the FDP lost a seat in Berlin, resulting in the size of the Bundestag being reduced from 736 to 735 members. The SPD, Greens, and The Left each lost a seat in Berlin, while gaining one in Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Hesse respectively, thus keeping the total number of seats won by those parties unchanged. The SPD had their best result since 2005 at 25%; it
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#1732855917558864-460: A sincere dialogue with the leaders of the main political parties before the elections and the establishment of a citizens' convention to decide on ambitious measures for the climate. During the deadly 2021 floods, while visiting Erftstadt on 18 July, the CDU/CSU lead candidate Armin Laschet was caught laughing on camera and making jokes while President Frank-Walter Steinmeier was speaking. Laschet
936-444: A state list. If a party, by winning single-member constituencies in one state, receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state, the excess seats become known as overhang seats ; to avoid negative vote weight , those overhang seats are compensated for in the other states, restoring proportionality according to second votes cast nationwide. To qualify for proportional seat distribution,
1008-504: A taboo due to being a democratic successor of East Germany's ruling party, and for its pacifist and anti-militarist stance, and could be seen as following examples in Spain and Sweden. A traffic light coalition (SPD–FDP–Greens) was seen as the more likely scenario but a R2G coalition, which would be favoured by the left-wing leadership and rank-and-file party members, was not excluded if coalition talks with FDP fail due minimum wage increase or
1080-428: Is called or a state of defence is declared. Under this rule, the 2021 federal election had to take place on a Sunday between 29 August and 24 October (inclusive), as the previous 19th Bundestag had held its first sitting on 24 October 2017. The President of Germany sets the exact date for the election. On 9 December 2020, President Frank-Walter Steinmeier ordered the election to be held on 26 September 2021. For
1152-621: Is part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II constituency. Axel Echeverria of the SPD was elected as representative in the 2021 German federal election . Ruhr (river) The Ruhr is a river in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia ), a right tributary (east-side) of the Rhine . The source of the Ruhr is near the town of Winterberg in the mountainous Sauerland region, at an elevation of approximately 670 metres (2,200 ft). It flows into
1224-562: The 2018 Bavarian state election , Seehofer was replaced as CSU leader by new Bavarian Minister-President Markus Söder at a party conference in January 2019, while he retained his position as Interior Minister in the Fourth Merkel cabinet. In October 2018, Merkel announced that she would resign as leader of the CDU at the party's conference in December 2018 and step down as Chancellor of Germany at
1296-454: The 2019 European Parliament election . She resigned on 2 June 2019, precipitating a leadership election for the SPD. Progressive candidates Norbert Walter-Borjans and Saskia Esken defeated the more moderate candidates Olaf Scholz and Klara Geywitz , and were elected co-leaders by the party's membership. Their election raised prospects of the coalition government collapsing and early elections being called, although Reuters reported that
1368-457: The COVID-19 pandemic . The election was held in January 2021, with Armin Laschet , incumbent Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia , winning with 52.8% of delegate votes. Merz was his main opponent at 47.2%. The other party in the coalition government, the SPD, also had leadership instability. Following their worst general election result since 1945, at the beginning of the new government
1440-601: The Hanseatic League in 1554 and became an important trading town. In 1720, there were 52 operating coal mines within the municipal area and Hattingen became one of the first industrial cities of the Ruhr region . Steel production started in 1853, when the Henrichshütte was founded. The Henrichshütte became one of the most important employers of the whole region and dominated the town until it closed in 1987. Today, Hattingen still faces problems concerning structural change of
1512-508: The ' big lie ', it became a big issue in Germany, sometimes bigger than the pandemic, because far-right groups and the AfD are carefully monitoring the success Trump is having with this narrative." The table below lists the parliamentary groups of the 19th Bundestag . After the election of Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia , Armin Laschet as federal CDU chairman in January 2021, he became
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#17328559175581584-499: The 2017 election, but from mid-2018 to mid-2021 were ranked as 2nd in polls, even first in spring of 2021. Thus, for the first time, three-way major debates were held, dubbed "Triell". Four-way debates were held with the leaders of the smaller parties that were part of the parliament. Trackers of voting intentions and other election-related polling: Although the vote share of the South Schleswig Voters' Association (0.12%)
1656-412: The CDU and CSU threaten to split over asylum seeker policy. Interior Minister and CSU leader Horst Seehofer threatened to undercut Merkel's authority by closing German borders for asylum seekers registered in another European Union (EU) country. The split, eventually repaired following a summit with EU countries, threatened to bring down the government. Following his party's historically low result in
1728-451: The CDU/CSU for the next three years. The party had its best ever showings at the 2019 European Parliament election, 2020 Hamburg state election , and 2021 Baden-Württemberg state election . They briefly polled in first place during two brief periods, first after the 2019 European Parliament election and again after the nomination of chancellor candidates in April 2021. The Left also underwent
1800-457: The CDU/CSU having pledged not to work with either the AfD or The Left before the federal election, the only remaining option for a majority government was a Jamaica coalition consisting of the CDU/CSU, FDP , and the Greens . Exploratory talks between the parties were held over the next six weeks, though the FDP withdrew from the negotiations on 20 November, citing irreconcilable differences between
1872-481: The FDP and the Greens were considered kingmakers . On 23 November, following complex coalition talks, the SPD, FDP and Greens formalized an agreement to form a traffic light coalition , which was approved by all three parties. Olaf Scholz and his cabinet were elected by the Bundestag on 8 December. Irregularities in Berlin led to repeat elections in February 2023 (state) and February 2024 (federal) . The result of
1944-520: The Greens after the failed Jamaica negotiations, and Annalena Baerbock and Robert Habeck were elected as their successors in January 2018. Dissatisfaction with the SPD and the federal government saw a rise in Greens' polling numbers throughout 2018. They scored record results in the Bavarian and Hessian state elections in October and subsequently surpassed the SPD in public opinion, settling in second behind
2016-684: The Ruhr from 1923 to 1924 by French forces, due to the Weimar Republic 's failure to continue paying reparations from World War I , provoked passive resistance , which saw production in the factories grind to a halt. As a result, the German hyperinflation crisis grew even worse. During World War II , two of the dams on the Ruhr, the Möhne Dam and the Sorpe Dam were targets for Operation Chastise , in which special "bouncing bombs" were developed to take out
2088-458: The anti-NATO demand from its immediate policy measures and Janine Wissler responded that foreign policy was more than NATO. Gregor Gysi , a member of the left wing of the party, stated that such demands are more of a vision, are not to be implemented as soon as possible, and should not be seen as inflexible preconditions for a left-wing coalition. As significant issues remain, attempts among willing delegates from both parties have been made over
2160-421: The campaign. However, even at their historic poll lows around 14%, Olaf Scholz had a significantly higher personal approval rating than both his party and the other Chancellor candidates Laschet and Baerbock. After the extreme personal unpopularity, resulting from gaffes and scandal, meant that first Baerbock and then Laschet floundered, the SPD surprisingly took the lead, for the first time since early 2017, in
2232-622: The city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: In the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , Hattingen is part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I constituency. Rainer Bovermann of the SPD has been representative since the constituency's creation in the 2005 election; he was most recently re-elected in 2017. In the Bundestag , Witten
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2304-589: The dams and flood the valley, with the hope of seriously affecting the German industries there. The story was told in a 1951 book and the popular 1955 film made from it, The Dam Busters . There are five Ruhr reservoirs on the river, often used for leisure activities. The main tributaries of the Ruhr are (from source to mouth): 2021 German federal election Fourth Merkel cabinet CDU/CSU – SPD Scholz cabinet SPD – Greens – FDP Federal elections were held in Germany on 26 September 2021 to elect
2376-492: The decline of already deeply embattled and unpopular leader Andrea Nahles . When the unpopular and little-known SPD leaders Norbert Walter-Borjans and Saskia Esken nominated moderate Olaf Scholz , whom they had unexpectedly defeated in the 2019 leadership election , as Chancellor candidate in August 2020, they were widely mocked. The SPD sat at a distant third place in the polls and stayed there until their sudden surge late in
2448-409: The duo would seek to achieve agreement from the CDU/CSU on increasing public spending rather than allow the government to collapse. In August 2020, the party appointed Merkel's deputy Vice-Chancellor Scholz as its candidate for chancellor at the election, despite him having lost to Walter-Borjans and Esken in the party leadership election. Cem Özdemir and Simone Peter stood down as co-leaders of
2520-435: The economy, but is becoming a centre of tourism, especially its historical downtown. The cities bordering Hattingen are Bochum , Essen , Sprockhövel , Velbert , Witten and Wuppertal . Hattingen is divided into the districts of Blankenstein , Bredenscheid-Stüter , Hattingen-Mitte , Holthausen , Niederbonsfeld , Niederelfringhausen , Niederwenigern , Oberelfringhausen , Oberstüter , Welper and Winz-Baak . In
2592-481: The election. Scholz, who served as Mayor of Hamburg from 2011 to 2018, unsuccessfully sought the SPD leadership in the 2019 leadership election . Scholz was formally elected at a party conference on 8–9 May 2021, supported by 96% of delegates. The AfD's lead candidates were chosen via a membership vote held from 17 to 24 May 2021. The ticket of party co-chairman Tino Chrupalla and Bundestag co-leader Alice Weidel were elected with 71% of votes; they were opposed by
2664-571: The electoral threshold. As of 2021, these minorities are the Danish , Frisians , Sorbs , and Romani people . The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal Election Act provides that federal elections must be held on a Sunday or on a federal holiday no earlier than 46 and no later than 48 months after the first sitting of the preceding session, unless a snap election
2736-479: The end of July, 56 per cent of Germans believed that the floods made it "even more important than before" to combat climate change, and 73 per cent believed the government was not doing enough in this area; only the AfD's supporters were overwhelmingly of the opposite opinion. Following those events, six people under the age of 30 began a hunger strike in front of the Reichstag building at the end of August. They demanded
2808-446: The federal election. The Left announced Janine Wissler and Dietmar Bartsch as their co-lead candidates on 2 May 2021. Wissler was elected federal party co-leader earlier in the year alongside Susanne Hennig-Wellsow , who chose not to seek the co-lead candidacy. Bartsch had co-chaired The Left's Bundestag group since 2015, and was previously co-lead candidate in the 2017 federal election. Wissler and Bartsch were formally selected by
2880-607: The federal repeat election meant that the FDP lost a seat in the Bundestag, while 3 other seats were moved from Berlin to different states. The 2017 federal election was held after a four-year grand coalition between the CDU/CSU and the SPD . Though the CDU/CSU remained the biggest parliamentary group, both it and the SPD suffered significant losses. The SPD leadership, recognising the party's unsatisfactory performance after four years in government, announced that it would go into opposition. With
2952-404: The first time in its history, the council was led by a female mayor: Sonja Leidemann (SPD). In the election of 2020 she lost her mandate to Lars König (CDU). The current mayor of Hattingen is Dirk Glaser, who ran as an independent. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows: The Hattingen city council governs
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3024-547: The forthcoming election, following poor results at state elections for the CSU in Bavaria and for the CDU in Hesse . Merkel's allegedly preferred candidate for the party leadership, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , narrowly defeated Friedrich Merz , who had been a rival of Merkel around 2002 and had left politics in 2009 criticising her decisions and leadership. Kramp-Karrenbauer struggled to unify
3096-580: The fourth time since 2009 , the 2021 federal election was observed by OSCE , providing four experts from three OSCE states. The Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy (CeMAS) found that false claims of voter fraud had become commonplace on Telegram in Germany, with accusations against Dominion Voting Systems being common despite the company's technology not being used in German elections. CeMAS researcher Miro Dittrich said, "We have seen far-right actors try to claim election fraud since at least 2016, but it didn't take off. When Trump started telling
3168-517: The largest party for the first time since 2002 . The ruling CDU/CSU , which had led a grand coalition with the SPD since 2013 , recorded their worst ever result with 24.1%, a significant decline from 32.9% in 2017 . Alliance 90/The Greens achieved their best result in history at 14.7%, while the Free Democratic Party (FDP) made small gains and finished on 11.4%. The Alternative for Germany (AfD) fell from third to fifth place with 10.4%,
3240-698: The local elections of 2004 the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was the largest party on the council with 24 seats. It was followed by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) with 18 and the Alliance 90/The Greens with 7, the WBG (a conservative lis) and Free Democrats with four each, FLW (also a conservative list) with three, National Democratic Party two, and the PDS /WAL (socialists) and AUF Witten (a left wing list) with one each. From 2004 to 2020, for
3312-590: The lower Rhine at an elevation of only 17 metres (56 ft) in the municipal area of Duisburg . Its total length is 219 km (136 mi), its average discharge is 79 cubic metres per second (2,800 cu ft/s) at Mülheim near its mouth. Thus, its discharge is, for example, comparable to that of the river Ems in Northern Germany or the River Thames in the United Kingdom . The Ruhr first passes
3384-445: The members of the 20th Bundestag . State elections in Berlin and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were also held. Incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel , first elected in 2005 , chose not to run again, marking the first time that an incumbent Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany did not seek re-election. With 25.7% of total votes, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) recorded their best result since 2005, and emerged as
3456-456: The municipal area of Hattingen. Isenburg Castle was built in the 12th century in the hillsides above the Ruhr. The castle was destroyed in 1225, but prominent ruins remain. Blankenstein Castle was built in the 13th century above the Ruhr river and Haus Kemnade is a moated castle from the 16th century. All three castles are famous tourist landmarks and open to the public. Hattingen became part of
3528-428: The official end of voting at 6 p.m, the last after 8 p.m. when the outcome was already being forecast. At least one polling station was closed due to missing documents. In at least 16 Berlin polling stations, basic election data did not match (including impossible voter turnouts of over 100%). On 29 September 2021, Michaelis announced her resignation and that of her deputy. In 2022, the 2021 Berlin state election
3600-490: The parties on migration and energy policies. Chancellor Angela Merkel consulted with President Frank-Walter Steinmeier , who implored all parties to reconsider in order to avoid fresh elections. The SPD and their leader Martin Schulz indicated their willingness to enter into discussions for another coalition government with the CDU/CSU. The SPD leadership voted to enter into exploratory discussion on 15 December 2017 and at
3672-497: The party elected Andrea Nahles as their leader in April 2018. Nahles had already been elected leader of the SPD parliamentary group after the federal election in September when the party still planned to go into opposition. She was unsuccessful in improving the party's stock with the electorate as it continued to slide in opinion polls and was for the first time in history well beaten by the centre-left party Alliance 90/The Greens at
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#17328559175583744-463: The party executive on 8–9 May, receiving 87% of the votes. Due to their rise in national opinion polling since 2018, the Greens were expected to forgo the traditional dual lead-candidacy in favour of selecting a single chancellor candidate. Party co-leaders Annalena Baerbock and Robert Habeck were considered the only plausible candidates. Baerbock was announced as chancellor candidate on 19 April. Both Baerbock and Habeck were co-lead candidates for
3816-634: The party ran a list in the indicated state. The number in each box indicates how many direct candidates the party ran in the indicated state. In July 2021, the respective state electoral committees rejected the lists of the AfD in Bremen and the Greens in Saarland . The AfD list was rejected for formal reasons, while the Green list in Saarland was declared invalid due to a controversial nomination process, in which one third of
3888-399: The party's election campaign. A total of 47 parties and lists were approved to run in the 2021 federal election, including the seven which won seats in the 19th Bundestag. Of these, 40 ran party lists in at least one state, while 7 ran only direct candidates. In addition, 196 independent candidates ran in the various direct constituencies. In the table below, green shading indicates that
3960-517: The party's liberal and conservative factions, and in February 2020, when she failed to lead the Thuringia state CDU towards a solution of the government crisis there, she announced her intention to withdraw her interest in running as the CDU nominee for chancellor at the election and step down as party leader. A party convention to elect a new leader was scheduled for April but was repeatedly delayed due to
4032-474: The party's pragmatic wing. Both support their party's participation in federal government, particularly Hennig-Wellsow, who played a major role in the red–red–green coalition government of The Left, the SPD, and the Greens in the state of Thuringia . Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting . The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for
4104-512: The presumptive CDU nominee for the Union's joint chancellor candidacy. Laschet was challenged by Minister-President of Bavaria Markus Söder of the CSU, who consistently polled well among voters and had been discussed as a potential candidate since mid-2020. As the contest intensified in March/April 2021, Söder was backed by the CSU as well as some state and local CDU associations, while Laschet received
4176-485: The seat of outgoing chancellor Angela Merkel . It was also the first time they won any single-member constituency seats in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia since 2005. The SPD had been written off by many political observers due to longtime internal quarrels and poor performances in prior elections, even those in early 2021. In the 2019 European Parliament election , they dropped to a historic low 15.8%, accelerating
4248-518: The state delegates were excluded from the nomination convention. Both state parties filed motions against the rulings. The federal electoral committee dismissed the motion of the Saarland Greens, while the AfD list in Bremen was permitted to run in the elections. The Green Party will thus not be eligible for the proportional vote in Saarland for the first time in the party's history. The federal election
4320-453: The support of most of the CDU. The two men failed to come to an agreement by the given deadline of 19 April, leading the federal CDU board to hold an impromptu meeting to break the deadlock. The board voted 31 to 9 in favour of Laschet. After the vote, Söder announced his support for Laschet as chancellor candidate. On 10 August 2020, the SPD nominated incumbent Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister Olaf Scholz as their lead candidate for
4392-538: The ticket of former German Air Force lieutenant-general Joachim Wundrak and MdB Joana Cotar , who won 24%. 14,815 votes were cast, corresponding to a turnout of 48%. On 21 March 2021, the FDP association in North Rhine-Westphalia elected federal chairman Christian Lindner as top candidate for the party list in that state. He was re-elected as chairman on 14 May, winning 93% of votes with no opponent. The vote also served to confirm him as lead candidate for
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#17328559175584464-434: The towns of Meschede , Arnsberg , Wickede , Fröndenberg , Holzwickede , Iserlohn , and Schwerte . Then the river marks the southern limit of the Ruhr area , passing Hagen , Dortmund , Herdecke , Wetter , Witten , Bochum , Hattingen , Essen , Mülheim , and Duisburg . The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there. The occupation of
4536-446: The wealth tax. For the first time since 2002 , the four major television broadcasters (public services ZDF and ARD with its regional networks, and commercial networks RTL and ProSieben / Sat.1 ) did not hold a joint television debate of the major candidates from CDU/CSU and SPD. Separate debates were previously prevented by incumbent chancellor Merkel, who in 2021 did not run for re-election. The Greens had only finished 6th in
4608-403: The years on how such issues could be solved in a coalition; the solution of an internal vote preceding foreign policies votes, such as foreign deployments, on a case-by-case analysis was deemed to be unworkable by many in the SPD. The Greens see foreign policy differences with The Left as big as financial and debt disagreements with the FDP. The Left joining the federal government would have broken
4680-517: Was also the first time since 2002 that they emerged as the largest party in the Bundestag . For the first time since 2002, the SPD swept all single-member constituency seats in the states of Brandenburg and Saarland , where they defeated cabinet ministers Peter Altmaier and Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer . They also won all constituencies in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern for the first time, including Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I ,
4752-450: Was broad agreement among left-leaning parties on issues such as climate change, education, finance, health, and higher taxes for the rich, and The Left being more pro-European than similar left-wing parties like La France Insoumise , while issues of disagreement were foreign policy and security. Writing for The Guardian , Philip Oltermann commented: "Paradoxically, some Social Democrats see such commonalities as an obstacle rather than
4824-412: Was declared invalid, to be replaced by the February 2023 Berlin repeat state election . Decision making on the federal level took even longer. In late 2023, a repeat of the federal election was ordered in 455 of 2,256 Berlin precincts. The result of the repeat election on 11 February 2024 replaced the original result in those precincts, resulting in the overall result of the election being recalculated. As
4896-451: Was heavily criticized, despite his apology saying: "It was stupid and shouldn't have happened and I regret it." Both the CDU/CSU and Laschet's ratings suffered heavily in opinion polls and the SPD took the lead. During the campaign, Scholz rejected tax cuts for the rich as immoral, pledged to "increase taxes on the wealthy, spend on cleaner technology and expand social programs", and a minimum wage increase to 12 euros. In general, there
4968-476: Was impacted by incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel 's decision not to run again, and candidates to present themselves as the natural successor to Merkel. The 2021 European floods , with at least 184 deaths in western parts of Germany, put the climate issue back on the agenda in July. The SPD called for "everything to be done to stop global warming," while the CDU/CSU wanted to "speed up climate protection measures". By
5040-517: Was quoted as saying: "To prepare the ground for a robust and functioning coalition, you need to make sure that no one walks out of talks looking like a loser. That's difficult enough with two, but it becomes even more difficult when you have three partners." Oltermann posited that The Left could see entering federal government as "a final chance to reverse the party's decline, even if it means moving some of its red lines of old." In its election manifesto, The Left called for abolishing NATO in favour of
5112-471: Was voted in by the Bundestag for a fourth term as chancellor on 14 March, with 364 votes for, 315 against, 9 abstentions, and 4 invalid votes, just 9 more votes than the 355 needed for a majority. The new government was officially referred to as the Fourth Merkel cabinet . Merkel's final government was subject to intense instability. The 2018 German government crisis saw the longstanding alliance between
5184-487: Was well below the 5% electoral threshold, due to its status of being representative of a recognised minority group (Danes and Frisians), an exception in federal law allowed the party to win one party-list seat. Incumbents are denoted in bold and followed by (I) . In Berlin , vote casting and counting was not simple as the federal election was on the same day as the Berlin Marathon , the 2021 Berlin state election and
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