Hardal (also spelled Chardal ; Hebrew : חרד״ל , acronym for חרדי לאומי Ḥaredi Le'umi , lit. ' "Nationalist Haredi " ' , plural Hardalim ) usually refers to the portion of the Religious Zionist Jewish community in Israel which inclines significantly toward Haredi ideology (in terms of outlook on the secular world, or in their stringent khumra approach to Halakha ). In their approach to the State of Israel, though, they are very much Zionist, and believe that Israel is Atchalta De'Geula .
17-488: Hardal Jews are also known as Torani (lit., "Torah-oriented"), or Torani-Leumi ("Torahic Nationalist"). On yeshiva.org.il, "Chardal" is described as, "The people who classify themselves as 'Charedi Leumi', or 'Chardal', try to keep the Mitzvot strictly, Kalah Kechamurah [light and weighty matters alike], while being involved in the national life in the state, and in the settling of Eretz Yisrael". It has also been explained as
34-543: A Semicha (" rabbinic ordination") program, usually in preparation for the "Semicha of the Rabbanut" ; many Hesder graduates would also obtain semicha from the late Rabbi Zalman Nechemia Goldberg . Since 1990, various hesder yeshivot have established, or are associated with, teachers' institutes . Graduates of these yeshivot are thus often active in the educational system of the national-religious , both as rabbis and as teachers . A number have programs for students from
51-407: A regular period of military service. Students at Mercaz HaRav , and some Hardal yeshivot, such as Har Hamor , undertake their Service through a modified framework called "Hesder Mercaz" ; usually serving in the artillery . Yeshivat Ma'ale Gilboa through a framework called shiluv , integrates two years of Torah study with the full three years military service. The idea of hesder yeshivas
68-521: A student body of over 800 students from communities all over the country. In addition to studying, students demonstrate their commitment to the residents of Sderot through many volunteer projects. Since the beginning of the Second Intifada in October 2000, the city has been under regular rocket fire from Qassam rockets launched by Hamas and Islamic Jihad . This brought attention to the yeshiva, which
85-614: A total of over 8,500 students. Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot The Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot , known formally as the Max and Ruth Schwartz Yeshivat Hesder of Sderot , was founded in 1995 by Rabbi Dovid E. Fendel . The yeshiva is located in the town of Sderot , one kilometer from the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian Arab town of Beit Hanoun . It is the largest Hesder Yeshiva in Israel, with
102-859: Is an Israeli yeshiva program which combines advanced Talmudic studies with military service in the Israel Defense Forces , usually within a Religious Zionist framework. The program allows Orthodox Jewish men to serve in the Israeli military while still engaging in Torah study . Hesder service usually lasts a total of five years, within which participants are officially soldiers in the IDF . Through those five years, 16 months are dedicated to actual army service, comprising both training and active duty. In some Hesder Yeshivas, service lasts six years, of which 24 months are army service. Almost all Hesder Yeshiva students serve in
119-660: Is attributed to Yehuda Amital , a rabbi and Israeli politician who served in the Haganah , fought in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . After writing an essay about the religious and moral aspects of military service, he envisaged a program for combining army service and Torah study. Following the Six-Day War , Rav Amital became the founding Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion , a Hesder Yeshiva in Alon Shevut that Amital headed for 40 years. The first yeshivat hesder, Kerem B'Yavneh ,
136-451: The Diaspora ("overseas programs") lasting one or two years; these vary in size from about ten people to over a hundred and fifty. The most prominent of these programs are those of Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh , Yeshivat Hakotel , Yeshivat Sha'alvim , and Yeshivat Har Etzion . As an alternative to Hesder, some male high school students opt to study at a one-year mechina , and then proceed to
153-461: The "Anglo Orthodox religious sector who follow a Charedi lifestyle, yet may also serve in the army in religious units, attend a Hesder yeshiva, and pursue a work career". Yet another explanation is, "those connected to the seriousness of Torah learning and stricter observance of Jewish Law - like the Charedim - but who are Zionist and have a more positive view of the secular world and Israel , like
170-518: The army as combat soldiers. The remainder of the time in Hesder is designated for full-time Torah study . Some students study for several years after this mandatory term. Yeshivot Hesder typically have 150–300 students; some of the larger yeshivot have up to 500 students, while some have fewer than 100 students. The largest is the Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot . The typical Yeshivat Hesder functions along
187-619: The dati leumi camp". The term Hardal is sometimes used to refer to those coming from the Haredi world who join Nahal Haredi (the shortened army service for Yeshiva graduates) and continue to live within the broader Hardal world. It is also sometimes used for American yeshivish Jews who moved to Israel and support the state. The term Hardal is part of a broad process of certain groups of Religious Zionist youth becoming more strict in certain religious observances, and more ideologically driven by
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#1732851620888204-480: The influence of Zvi Thau , who left Yeshivat Merkaz HaRav to found the more Hardalic Yeshivat Har Hamor . Thau rejects secular studies and secular influences. He is also against any academic influence on teachers colleges, rejecting the influence of modern educational psychology, and modern approaches to the study of the Bible. Those who follow this approach are called followers of Yeshivat HaKav - " Yeshivot that follow
221-579: The line". There are schools for both boys and girls located in Jerusalem , as well as in Ramat Beit Shemesh (Ahavat Yisrael). Their philosophy is, "To adhere to an open Haredi approach to Halakha and lifestyle, while at the same time leaving the possibility for army service and university studies as a goal". Past leaders (deceased) Current leaders: Hesder Hesder ( Hebrew : הסדר "arrangement"; also Yeshivat Hesder ישיבת הסדר )
238-521: The lines of a traditional Orthodox yeshiva, with an emphasis on in-depth study of the Talmud . However, the curriculum of a Hesder yeshiva often additionally includes an increased focus on Tanakh and Jewish philosophy . In addition, most Yeshivot Hesder encourage their students to spend time helping the needy in surrounding communities. Many of the Yeshivot Hesder also support a Kollel , and offer
255-405: The term Hardal became a group that actually started separating itself from the broader religious Zionist community in order to dedicate itself to leading a life dedicated to strict Jewish practice, without the influence of outside culture. There was emphasis placed on modesty in dress, and early marriage. Shlomo Aviner was a major ideologue for this group. In recent years, it refers to those under
272-523: The thought of Zvi Yehuda Kook (son of Abraham Isaac Kook ). In the late 1970s, graduates of Mercaz HaRav yeshiva began to reject certain aspects of the Religious Zionist and Bnei Akiva lifestyle. According to some sources, the term Hardal was created at a meeting of the youth group EZRA in 1990. (Ezra is the Poalei Agudah youth group associated with Torah im Derech Eretz .) In later years,
289-537: Was established in 1953 modelled on Nahal , a unit combining time on a (frontier) agricultural settlement with army service. In 1991, the hesder yeshiva program was awarded the Israel Prize for its special contribution to society and the State of Israel. A new Knesset law on Haredi yeshiva student exemptions addresses the legal status of Hesder service and yeshivot. In 2011, there were 68 hesder yeshivas in Israel, with
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