Misplaced Pages

#805194

89-735: Born in Klagenfurt , Rauter graduated from high school in 1912 and started training as an engineer at the Graz University of Technology . At the outbreak of World War I Rauter volunteered for service in the Austro-Hungarian Army . He served with a Gebirgsschützenregiment and was discharged in 1919, having reached the rank of Oberleutnant . Rauter took part in the Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia , and from May until July 1921 he fought in

178-573: A firefight broke out. His fellow passengers were all killed, but Rauter feigned death and survived. He was found by a German military patrol and transferred to a hospital where he remained until his arrest by British Military Police after the end of hostilities. Rauter was handed over to the Dutch government by the British and was tried by a special court in The Hague . Rauter denied committing war crimes , but

267-569: A hunters camp from around 5000 BC have been discovered. In Schaarsbergen , twelve grave mounds were found from 2400 BC, which brought the so-called Neolithic Revolution to the area of Arnhem, which meant the rise of the farmers. The earliest settlement in Arnhem dates from 1500 BC, of which traces have been found on the Hoogkamp, where the Van Goyenstraat is currently located. In the inner city, around

356-412: A part has been reconstructed to a modern design and opened in 1964. Officially the tower is not part of the church and is owned by the municipality. The house of Maarten van Rossum, a general serving Duke Charles van Gelre, has been the town hall since 1830: The satyrs in its Renaissance ornamentation earned it the name Duivelshuis (devil's house). The Netherlands Open Air Museum is located outside

445-506: A replica of the proposed BMX racing track at the London Velopark venue. The track will host the second event on the 2011 UCI BMX World Championships , on 27 and 28 May 2011. Since January 2013 Sports Centre Papendal officially split from NOC * NSF and thus as organization demerges. This split offers Sports Centre Papendal many commercial benefits. There are facilities for various sports, including athletics, cycling and more. Sport in

534-459: A safer position and is thus considered to be the actual founder of the market place , which in 1252 received a city charter . In the following centuries, Klagenfurt suffered fires, earthquakes, invasions of locusts, and attacks from Ottomans, and was ravaged by the Peasants' Wars . In 1514, a fire almost completely destroyed the city, and in 1518 Emperor Maximilian I , unable to rebuild it, despite

623-417: A tower at the edge of the moor was erected to watch out for the dragon, and that the dragon was baited using a bull fitted with a chain and hook, which caught the beast's palatal . A village was subsequently founded on the battlesite, which later expanded into a town, while the watchtower made way for a castle. The feat is commemorated by a grandiose 9-ton Renaissance monument in the city centre. Historically,

712-509: A typical humid continental climate (Dfb), with a fair amount of fog throughout the autumn and winter, which occurs in 106 days annually. Summers are warm and wet, with frequent thunderstorms which happen in 43.8 days on average. Klagenfurt experiences 70.9 days annually with maximum temperature at or above 25 °C (77 °F), and 18.8 days in which the maximum temperature reaches 30 °C (86 °F). The rather cold winters are broken up by occasional warmer periods due to foehn wind from

801-456: A week with a diverse selection of food available for sale. As well as the historical market, there are several shopping centres in Klagenfurt. The City-Arkaden shopping centre, founded in 2006, is located at the northern part of the city centre. The shopping centre has 120 businesses in a total floor area of 30 thousand square metres, and is one of the largest shopping centres in Carinthia. At

890-441: Is a Slovene language Gymnasium (established in 1957) and a Slovene language commercial high school. A number of general high schools such as and senior high schools offering general-cum-professional education: The ice hockey team EC KAC (Eishockey Club Klagenfurter Athletiksport Club) has won the top level Austrian Championship 30 times since its founding in 1909. The Bundesliga football club SK Austria Kärnten

979-724: Is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands , near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland , located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek , which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen , ArtEZ Institute of the Arts , Netherlands Open Air Museum , Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' , Royal Burgers' Zoo , NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal . The north corner of

SECTION 10

#1732858109806

1068-659: Is a popular vacation spot, with mountains both to the south and north, numerous parks and a series of 23 stately homes and castles on its outskirts. In summer, the city is home to the Altstadtzauber (The Magic of the Old City) festival. Several Carinthian Slovene cultural and political associations are also based in the city, including the Hermagoras Society , the oldest Slovene publishing house founded in Klagenfurt in 1851. Klagenfurt hosts several events annually. The city

1157-552: Is home to the University of Klagenfurt and hosts a campus of the Fachhochschule Kärnten (Carinthia University of Applied Sciences), a college of education for primary and secondary teacher training and further education of teachers as well as a college of general further education (VHS) and two institutions of further professional and vocational education (WIFI and BFI). Among other Austrian educational institutions, there

1246-421: Is impossible for linguistic reasons. The common people also sought an explanation in a story that a baker's apprentice was accused of theft and executed, but when the alleged theft turned out to be a mistake a few days afterwards, and the lad was proved innocent, the citizens' "lament" ( Klagen ) went forth and forth. This story was reported by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who later became Pope Pius II . In 2007,

1335-452: Is located south of the city centre. The city is situated at the intersection of the A2 and S37 motorways. The A2 autobahn runs from Vienna via Graz and Klagenfurt to Villach and further to the state border of Italy. The S37 freeway runs from Vienna via Bruck an der Mur and Sankt Veit an der Glan to Klagenfurt. The Loibl Pass highway B91 goes to Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia , which

1424-519: Is on the lake Wörthersee and on the Glan river. The city is surrounded by several forest covered hills and mountains, with heights of up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) (for example Ulrichsberg ). To the south of the city is the Karawanken mountain range , which separates Carinthia from bordering nations of Slovenia and Italy . Klagenfurt is a statutory city of Carinthia, and the administrative seat of

1513-495: Is only 88 km (55 mi) from Klagenfurt. The volume of traffic in Klagenfurt is high (motorisation level: 572 cars/1000 inhabitants in 2007). Service on the city's streetcar (tram) system , as well as its trolleybus system, ended in April 1963. In the 1960s, Klagenfurt was meant to become a car-friendly city, with many wide roads. A motorway was even planned which was to cross the city partly underground, but which now by-passes

1602-592: Is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia , as well as of the historical region of Carinthia including Slovene Carinthia . With a population of 104,862 (1 January 2024), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna , Graz , Linz , Salzburg , and Innsbruck . The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt ,

1691-486: Is the highest structure of the town. It is a 140-m-high TV tower. The National Sports Centre Papendal is the national sports development centre of the Netherlands , located in Arnhem. The first event held at Papendal was the 1980 Summer Paralympics , from 21 June to 5 July. However the site was formally adopted and developed from 1993, after the merger of the Dutch National Olympic Committee (NOC) and

1780-511: Is the only remaining part of the medieval walls. In the 19th century, Arnhem was a genteel resort town famous for its picturesque beauty. It was known as "het Haagje van het oosten" (The Little Hague of the East), mainly because a number of rich former sugar barons or planters from the Indies settled there, as they did in The Hague . Even now the city is famous for its parks and greenery. The urbanization in

1869-671: The Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci ; German: Kärntner Slowenen ), one of Austria's indigenous minorities. The Carinthian linguists Primus Lessiak and Eberhard Kranzmayer assumed that the city's name, which literally translates as ' ford of lament' or 'ford of complaints', had something to do with

SECTION 20

#1732858109806

1958-511: The February strike on 26 February 1941, accounting for 9 dead that day: he also immediately declared a state of emergency and ordered summary executions . He was the chief promoter of terror through summary arrests and internment in the Netherlands. The SS set up a concentration camp named Herzogenbusch after the city of 's-Hertogenbosch , but located in the neighboring town of Vught that gave

2047-578: The Freikorps Oberland in Oberschlesien . For his service during the war, Rauter received several decorations including Austrian Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with War decoration , Silver Medal for Bravery , Wound Medal or Karl Troop Cross . Rauter first met Adolf Hitler in 1929 and joined the Nazi cause in Austria . His forays in Austria forced him to flee to Germany in 1933, where he became part of

2136-565: The Kärntner Nachrichten . On 7 May 1945, a committee convened in the historic Landhaus building of the Gau authorities to form a Provisional State government, and one of the numerous decisions taken was a proclamation to the "People of Carinthia". This proclamation included the reporting of the resignation of the Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter Friedrich Rainer , the transfer of power to

2225-761: The NSDAP department for Austria. He joined the SA, and was active in planning illegal NSDAP activities in Austria. In 1935 he left the SA to become a member of the SS . Until 1940 he was the Leader of the SS Southeast department in Breslau . In May 1940 he was appointed Generalkommissar für das Sicherheitswesen (General Commissioner for Security) and Höherer SS-und Polizeiführer (Higher SS and Police leader) for

2314-636: The Sint-Jansbeek , traces of settlement have been found from around 700 BC, while the first traces south of the Rhine have been found dating to around 500 BC, in the Schuytgraaf . Though the early tracks of settlements did show that the early residents of Arnhem descended from the forests on the hills, Arnhem was not built on the banks of the river Rhine, but a little higher along the Sint-Jansbeek. Arnhem arose on

2403-473: The city walls , leaving, against a large sum collected by the citizens, only one eastern gate (which was pulled down to make way for traffic some decades later), and the small stretch in the west which is now all that is left of the once grand fortifications. In 1863, the railway connection to St. Veit an der Glan boosted the city's economy and so did the building of the Vienna-Trieste railway that brought to

2492-465: The occupied Netherlands . In his position as police commander and highest ranking SS leader in the Netherlands, Rauter was responsible for the deportation of 110,000 Dutch Jews to the Nazi concentration camps (6,000 survived) and the repression of the Dutch resistance . He had 300,000 Dutchmen deported to Germany for forced labour . His first victims to die were those killed during the armed break up of

2581-550: The "Commandantura of the Carinthian Military Zone" under Major Egon Remec. On Neuer Platz —renamed Adolf Hitler Platz in 1938—British armoured vehicles are said to have faced allied Yugoslav ones in a hostile way, which would have been a curious spectacle for the liberated citizens, but this is unlikely. Several days passed before, under British pressure and American diplomatic backing, the Yugoslav troops withdrew from

2670-527: The 14th century, the abbot and historiographer John of Viktring translated Klagenfurt's name in his Liber certarum historiarum as Queremoniae Vadus 'ford of complaint', Hieronymus Megiser , master of the university college of the Carinthian Estates in Klagenfurt and editor of the earliest printed history of the duchy in 1612, believed the name to mean 'ford across the Glan River', which, however,

2759-817: The Army of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and claimed for the newly founded South-Slav kingdom. In 1920, the Yugoslav occupying forces withdrew from the town centre, but remained in its southern suburbs, such as Viktring and Ebenthal. They eventually withdrew after the Carinthian Plebiscite in October 1920, when the majority of voters in the Carinthian mixed-language Zone A decided to remain part of Austria. In 1938, Klagenfurt's population suddenly grew by more than 50% through

Hanns Albin Rauter - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-635: The Artists' House, two municipal and several private galleries, a planetarium in Europa Park , literary institutions such as the Robert Musil House, and a reputable German-literature competition awarding the prestigious Ingeborg Bachmann Prize . Klagenfurt is the home of a number of small but fine publishing houses , and several papers or regional editions are also published here including dailies such as " Kleine Zeitung " and " Kärntner Krone ". Klagenfurt

2937-678: The Austrian flag be taken down. Accompanied by a guerilla troop carrying a machine pistol , a Yugoslav emissary appeared on the same day in the Landesregierung building, demanding of the Acting State Governor Piesch repeal the order to take down the Yugoslav flag, which was ignored. On 8 May 1945, 9:30 am, British troops of the Eighth Army under General McCreery entered Klagenfurt and were met in front of Stauderhaus by

3026-652: The Germans during and after the battle, returned in the summer of 1945. The reconstruction of Arnhem took until 1969 to finally be completed. Just outside Arnhem, in the town of Oosterbeek the Commonwealth War Graves Commission built the Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery which contains the graves of most of those killed during the September landings, and many of those killed in later fighting in

3115-593: The IVth army. Both of these forces made their way through the city's streets which were jammed with tens of thousands of Volksdeutsche refugees, and masses of soldiers of all the nationalities that had been fighting under German command and were now fleeing the Russians. These partisan and Yugoslav regular forces claimed the city and the surrounding South Carinthian land, establishing the Komanda staba za Koroška , which would be named

3204-471: The Karawanken mountains to the south. On 52.9 days the depth of snow cover is at or above 1 cm (0.39 in), with 10.1 days having more than 20 cm (7.9 in) of snow depth. The average temperature from 1961 to 1990 was 7.1 °C (44.8 °F), while the average temperature in 1991-2020 period is 9.9 °C (49.8 °F). As of January 2020, there were 101,403 people whose principal residence

3293-474: The Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NSF). NOC*NSF have 90 affiliated national sports organizations, representing about 2700 individual sports clubs. Papendal is also the training location of football club Vitesse Arnhem , and the club's youth development system. Supporting facilities include a conference centre and hotel. In preparation for the 2012 Summer Olympics , in 2011 the facility built

3382-659: The Spanish forces by Dutch and English troops in 1585 the city became part of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands . The French occupied the town from 1672 to 1674. From 1795 to 1813, it was reoccupied by the French, by both revolutionary and imperial forces. In the early 19th century, the former fortifications were almost completely dismantled, to give space for town expansion. The Sabelspoort (Sabresgate)

3471-994: The Wörthersee in 1969. The 2016 Beach Volleyball Major Series took place in Klagenfurt on 26–31 July Klagenfurt hosted three games during the UEFA Euro 2008 in the recently-rebuilt Wörthersee Stadion . Klagenfurt was also a contender for the 2006 Winter Olympics and is home to an American football team, the Carinthian Black Lions, competing in the First League of the Austrian Football League. The Black Lions attract fans from all over Carinthia, playing home games in both Klagenfurt and Villach. Arnhem Arnhem ( Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ; German : Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ; Ernems : Èrnem )

3560-648: The abbey of Prüm, settled in, and fortified it. Arnhem entered the Hanseatic League in 1443. In 1473, it was captured by Charles the Bold of Burgundy. In 1514, Charles of Egmond , duke of Guelders , took it from the dukes of Burgundy ; in 1543, it fell to the emperor Charles V . As capital of the so-called "Kwartier van Veluwe" it joined the Union of Utrecht during the Eighty Years' War in 1579. After its capture from

3649-786: The active field command of the Kampfgruppe Rauter during operations in the Veluwe area and near the bridges over the IJssel river . Kampfgruppe Rauter consisted of the Landstorm Nederland , Wachbataillon Nordwest and a regiment of the Ordnungspolizei . After the assault on Arnhem had been fought off by the Germans, Rauter was given the command of the Maas front as a General in the Waffen-SS . In

Hanns Albin Rauter - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-402: The area. The city also hosted the 1980 Summer Paralympics . The municipality of Arnhem consists of the city of Arnhem and the following surrounding suburbs and former villages: Arnhem consists of three districts ( stadsdelen ) and 24 neighbourhoods ( wijken ). Each neighbourhood has a number which corresponds to its postal code . The outlying areas of the following villages are bordering

3827-419: The beginning of 1945, when the end of the war was rather obvious, numerous talks among representatives of democratic pre-1934 organisations had taken place, which later extended to high-ranking officers of the Wehrmacht and officials of the administration. Even representatives of the partisans in the hills south of Klagenfurt were met who, in view of the strong SS-forces in Klagenfurt, agreed not to attempt to take

3916-462: The camp its name: Kamp Vught . In total this camp detained 31,000 people, of whom some 735 were killed. Also, his SS manned a so-called polizeiliches Durchgangslager or police transit camp near Amersfoort , known as Kamp Amersfoort , in fact also a concentration camp, where some 35,000 people were detained and maltreated and 650 people (Dutch and Russian) died. Rauter's SS also managed the Kamp Westerbork ( polizeiliches Durchgangslager Westerbork ),

4005-413: The city an imposing central station (destroyed in World War II) and solidified Klagenfurt as the centre of the region. During the 19th century, the city developed into an important centre of Carinthian Slovene culture. Many important Slovene public figures lived, studied or worked in Klagenfurt, among them Anton Martin Slomšek , who later became the first bishop of Maribor and was beatified in 1999,

4094-422: The city by force, but upheld the official declaration that south-eastern Carinthia was to be a Yugoslav possession. To avoid further destruction and a major bloodshed, on 3 May 1945 General Löhr of Army Group E (Heeresgruppe E) agreed to declare Klagenfurt an " open city " "in case Anglo-American forces should attack the city", a declaration that was broadcast several times and two days later also published in

4183-432: The city changed its official name to Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ('Klagenfurt on Lake Wörth'). However, since there are no other settlements called Klagenfurt in the world, the previous shorter name is nearly always used. Legend has it that Klagenfurt was founded after a group of brave men slayed an abominable winged " lindwurm " from the moors adjoining the lake, which was preying on the nearby duchy. The legend says that

4272-400: The city is principally focussed on its association football club Vitesse Arnhem and its stadium the GelreDome built for the UEFA Euro 2000 . The club has enjoyed some success in the Eredivisie and has featured in the UEFA Cup competition. Their best result in the Eredivisie was third place in 1997 – 98. The club won the KNVB Cup in 2016–17 . Introdans is a dance company based in

4361-621: The city of Arnhem. In 2009 the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science designated Introdans part of the basic national infrastructure. In 2016 was the Giro d'Italia in Arnhem. Arnhem has had a main central railway station since 1845 – Arnhem Centraal railway station , which is serviced by several intercity lines and the Intercity-Express to Düsseldorf and further on to Frankfurt . Until 2016, there were also NS International trains to other destinations abroad, with some coaches going as far as Moscow . The intercity lines provide direct connections to Utrecht , Nijmegen and Zutphen . It

4450-458: The city proper, but not before establishing a parallel Carinthian-Slovene civil administration (the Carinthian National Council ) presided over by Franc Petek. However, protected by British soldiers, the members of the Provisional State Government went about devising a comprehensive programme to cover the new political, sociological, and economic outlooks in the land, which would serve the British military authorities. Rapid financial assistance and

4539-406: The city to the north. The problem of four railway lines from north, west, south, and east meeting at the central station south of the city centre and strangulating city traffic has been eased by a considerable number of underpasses on the main arteries. Nevertheless, despite 28 bus lines , traffic jams are frequent nowadays as in most cities of similar size. Ideas of a rapid transport system using

SECTION 50

#1732858109806

4628-432: The city's Eredivisie team in football , is a unique facility that features a retractable roof and a slide-out grass pitch. The concept has been fully duplicated since then by the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen , Germany, and State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona , U.S., and partially by the Sapporo Dome in Japan (which has a sliding pitch but a fixed roof). The KEMA Toren (formerly known as SEP Control Tower )

4717-401: The city. It includes antique houses, farms, factories, and windmills from different parts of the Netherlands. Two other windmills stand in Arnhem itself, De Hoop and De Kroon . The Royal Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem is one of the biggest and most-visited zoos in the Netherlands, featuring an underwater walkthrough, desert, mangrove, and rainforest. The GelreDome , the home of Vitesse Arnhem ,

4806-701: The court found him guilty and sentenced him to death. A film record was made of the trial. The death sentence was confirmed by a higher court on 12 January 1949, and Rauter was executed by firing squad near Scheveningen on 24 March 1949. The location of his grave remains a state secret . [REDACTED] Media related to Hanns Albin Rauter at Wikimedia Commons Klagenfurt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ( German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ; Slovene : Celovec ; Austro-Bavarian : Klognfuat ; Carinthian Slovene : Clouvc ; usually known as simply Klagenfurt ( English: / ˈ k l ɑː ɡ ən f ʊər t / KLAH -gən-foort ))

4895-646: The district of Klagenfurt-Land , but is a separate district from Klagenfurt-Land. In fact, their licence plates are different (K for the city, KL for the district). Klagenfurt is divided itself into 16 districts: It is further divided into 25 Katastralgemeinden . They are: Klagenfurt, Blasendorf, Ehrenthal, Goritschitzen, Großbuch, Großponfeld, Gurlitsch I, Hallegg, Hörtendorf, Kleinbuch, Lendorf, Marolla, Nagra, Neudorf, St. Martin bei Klagenfurt, St. Peter am Karlsberg, St. Peter bei Ebenthal, Sankt Peter am Bichl, St. Ruprecht bei Klagenfurt, Stein, Tentschach, Viktring, Waidmannsdorf, Waltendorf, and Welzenegg. Klagenfurt has

4984-421: The duchy's new capital; the city was enlarged along a geometrical chequer-board lay-out according to the Renaissance ideas of the Italian architect Domenico dell'Allio ; a new city centre square, the Neuer Platz , was constructed; and the new fortifications that took half a century to build made Klagenfurt the strongest fortress north of the Alps. In 1809 , however, the French troops (under Napoleon ) destroyed

5073-415: The existing railway rails, of an elevated cable railway to the football stadium, or of a regular motorboat service on the Lend Canal from the city centre to the lake have not materialized. But for those who fancy leisurely travel there is a regular motorboat and steamer service on the lake connecting the resorts on Wörthersee. During severe winters, which no longer occur regularly, it might be faster to cross

5162-422: The first bridge when the German Army invaded the Netherlands in 1940. The second bridge was destroyed by the United States Army Air Forces shortly after the 1944 battle. A second battle of Arnhem took place in April 1945 when the city was liberated by the British 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division fighting as part of the First Canadian Army . The inhabitants of the city, who had been forcibly evacuated by

5251-403: The first city in Austria to adopt a pedestrian zone . The idea of a friendly twinning of cities in other countries began with the first city partnership between Klagenfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany , as early as 1930. This was followed up by numerous city partnerships, with the result that in 1968, Klagenfurt was honoured with the title of "European City of the Year". Klagenfurt has also been awarded

5340-439: The form of v Zelouzi ('in Celovec', the Slovene name for Klagenfurt), dating from 1615, is 400 years more recent and thus could be a translation from German. The latest interpretation, on the other hand, is that Old Slovene cviljovec itself goes back to Italic l'aquiliu 'place at or in the water', which would make the wailing-hag theory obsolete. Scholars attempted to explain the city's peculiar name at various times. In

5429-402: The frozen lake on skates. There is a civic theatre-cum-opera house with professional companies, a professional symphony orchestra, a university of music and a concert hall. There are musical societies such as Musikverein (founded in 1826) or Mozartgemeinde, a private experimental theatre company, the State Museum for Carinthia , a modern art museum and the Diocesan museum of religious art ;

SECTION 60

#1732858109806

5518-460: The immigration of Dutch people from the region that were attracted by the lower house pricing just across the border. Arnhem features the same climate (Cfb, oceanic climate) as all of the Netherlands; however, its location on the foothills of the Veluwe, the largest forest in the Netherlands, contributes to some higher precipitation values. The Grote Kerk (St. Eusebius' Church), built 1452–1560, lost most of its tower during World War II, of which

5607-412: The incorporation of the town of St. Ruprecht and the municipalities of St. Peter, Annabichl, and St. Martin but during World War II , the city was bombed 41 times. The bombs killed 612 people, completely destroyed 443 buildings and damaged 1,132 others. A volume of 110,000 cubic metres (3,884,613 cu ft) of rubble had to be removed before the citizens could set about rebuilding their city. From

5696-419: The industrial companies. In May 2001, there were 63,618 employees in 6,184 companies here. 33 of these companies employed more than 200 people. The prevalent economic sectors are light industry , electronics, and tourism . There are also several printing offices. The most important market place in Klagenfurt since 1948 is Benedikterplatz, formerly known as Herzogplatz. There is a market at Benediktenplatz twice

5785-403: The location where the road between Nijmegen and Utrecht and Zutphen split. Seven streams provided the city with water, and only when the flow of the Rhine was changed in 1530, was the city located on the river. Arnhem was first mentioned as such in 893 as Arneym or Arentheym . In 1233, Count Otto II of Guelders from Zutphen , conferred city rights on the town, which had belonged to

5874-437: The loud protests of the citizens, ceded Klagenfurt to the Estates , the nobility of the Duchy. Never before had such a thing happened. The new owners, however, brought about an economic renaissance and the political and cultural ascendancy in Klagenfurt. A canal was dug to connect the city to the lake as a supply route for timber to rebuild the city and to feed the city's new moats; the noble families had their town-houses built in

5963-436: The movie were shot in Deventer , where a similar bridge over the IJssel was available, as the area around Arnhem bridge had changed too much to represent WWII-era Arnhem). As a tribute, the rebuilt bridge was renamed ' John Frost Bridge ' after the commander of the paratroopers. The official commemoration is 17 September. The current bridge is the third almost-identical bridge built at the same spot. The Dutch Army destroyed

6052-416: The municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park . It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands. The oldest archeological findings of human activity around Arnhem are two firestones of about 70,000 years ago. These come from the Stone Age , when the Neanderthals lived in this part of Europe . In Schuytgraaf, remnants of

6141-399: The municipality of Arnhem directly, which means among others that in many a case a considerable number of their inhabitants originate from Arnhem. The city lies approximately 15 kilometers from the border with Germany , and to some extent the westernmost villages in the municipality of Elten , Germany , function as dormitories for people who work in the Dutch city of Arnhem in part due to

6230-469: The nearby execution field, the Waalsdorpervlakte (now a national place of remembrance). Rauter also instigated a system of retaliation for assaults on Nazi officials and their Dutch collaborators: one killed Nazi equalled ten Dutch victims, one killed Dutch collaborator equalled three Dutch victims. During 1944 these numbers sharply increased with the rise of resistance violence. During the Allied assault on Arnhem in Operation Market Garden , Rauter took

6319-443: The new authorities, and an appeal to the people to decorate their homes with Austrian or Carinthian colours. The proclamation was printed in the Kärntner Zeitung of 8 May. When on the following day, Yugoslav military demanded of Klagenfurt's new mayor that he remove the Austrian flag from the city hall and fly the Yugoslav flag instead, the acting British Town Officer Captain Watson immediately prohibited this, but also ordered that

6408-468: The new democratic city and state authorities. All the strategic positions and important buildings were immediately seized, and Major General Horatius Murray was taken to General Noeldechen for the official surrender of the 438th German Division. Three hours later, groups of partisan forces arrived on a train they had seized in the Rosental valley the day before, at the same time as Yugoslav regular forces of

6497-554: The night of 6–7 March 1945 he was severely wounded by an attack staged by the Dutch resistance at Woeste Hoeve on the Veluwe , a small village between Arnhem and Apeldoorn . In a reprisal organised by SS-Brigadeführer Karl Eberhard Schöngarth , the Germans executed 117 political prisoners at the location of the attack as well as 50 prisoners in Kamp Amersfoort and 40 prisoners each in The Hague and Rotterdam —a total of 263 persons were killed. This attack had not been planned;

6586-515: The north on hilly terrain is also quite unusual for the Netherlands. During the German occupation ( World War II ), the occupiers operated a subcamp of the Herzogenbusch concentration camp in the city. During Operation Market Garden (September 1944), the British 1st Airborne Division , under the command of Major-General Roy Urquhart , and the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade were given

6675-463: The philologists Jurij Japelj and Anton Janežič , the politician Andrej Einspieler , and the activist Matija Majar . The Slovene national poet France Prešeren also spent a short part of his professional career there. On the initiative of bishop Slomšek , teacher Anton Janežič and vicar Andrej Einspieler on 27 July 1851 in Klagenfurt the Hermagoras Society publishing house was founded, which in 1919 moved to Prevalje and then in 1927 to Celje, but

6764-525: The place from which some 110,000 Dutch Jews were deported to Nazi concentration and extermination camps, mainly Auschwitz and Sobibor . Under Rauter's guidance, a special block was built for 'political prisoners' (i.e. resistance workers) in the Scheveningen prison. These were often held in indefinite detention . In total 28,000 people were detained here over 4 years; many were severely mistreated, some were tried and 738 men and 21 women died here or on

6853-485: The place was founded by the Spanheim Duke Herman as a stronghold sited across the commercial routes in the area. Its first mention dates from the late 12th century in a document in which Duke Ulric II. exempted St. Paul's Abbey from the toll charge "in foro Chlagenvurth ". That settlement occupied an area that was subject to frequent flooding, so in 1246 Duke Herman's son, Duke Bernhard von Spanheim , moved it to

6942-416: The population of Klagenfurt to about 90,000. The city of Klagenfurt is in southern Austria, near the border with Slovenia. It is in the lower middle of Austria, almost the same distance from Innsbruck in the west as it is from Vienna in the northeast. Klagenfurt is elevated 446 metres (1,463 feet) above sea level and covers an area of 120.03 square kilometres ( 46 + 3 ⁄ 8  sq mi). It

7031-400: The prestigious Europa Nostra Diploma of Merit (an award for the exemplary restoration and redevelopment of its ancient centre) a total of three times, which is a record for a European city. In 1973, Klagenfurt absorbed four more adjacent municipalities: Viktring, with its grand Cistercian monastery ; Wölfnitz; Hörtendorf; and St. Peter am Bichl. The addition of these municipalities increased

7120-405: The resistance merely wanted to hijack a truck and use it to drive to a farmer who had butchered cows for the German army. Instead of the truck, Rauter's BMW motorcar was stopped by members of the resistance dressed in German uniforms . However, Rauter had just two weeks earlier issued a directive stating that German patrols should not stop any German military vehicles outside towns or villages, and

7209-582: The restitution of property to the victims of the Nazi regime was necessary. This posed a problem, because one of the first actions of the British had been to confiscate all the property of the Nazi Party , as well as to freeze their bank accounts and to block their financial transfers. It took months before basic communication and public transport , mail service and supply were working again, to some extent at least. During

7298-403: The superstitious thought that fateful fairies or demons tend to live around treacherous waters or swamps. In Old Slovene, a cviljovec is a place haunted by such a wailing female ghost or cvilya . Thus, they assumed that Klagenfurt's name was a translation made by the German settlers of the original Slovene name of the neighbouring wetland. However, the earliest Slovene mention of Klagenfurt in

7387-403: The task of securing the bridge at Arnhem. Glider infantry and paratrooper units were landed into the area on 17 September and later. The bulk of the force was dropped rather far from the bridge and never met their objective. A small element of the British 1st Airborne, the 2nd Parachute Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel John D. Frost , managed to make its way as far as the bridge but

7476-454: The time of its foundation, it was one of the first shopping centres with a central arcade in the entire country of Austria. The second-largest shopping centre in the city is Südpark , founded in 1998 and located near the Klagenfurt central station. Klagenfurt Airport is a primary international airport with connections to several major European cities and holiday resorts abroad. The Klagenfurt central station ( German : Hauptbahnhof )

7565-508: The years that followed these turbulent days, a major part of the British Eighth Army , which in July 1945 was re-constituted as British Troops in Austria (BTA), had their headquarters in Klagenfurt - as Carinthia, together with neighbouring Styria, formed part of the British occupation zone in liberated Austria, which remained to be the case until 26 October 1955. In 1961, Klagenfurt became

7654-472: Was Klagenfurt. In 2019, there were around 20,000 people who were born outside the country living in Klagenfurt, corresponding to around 20% of the city's population. The Old City, with its central Alter Platz (Old Square) and the Renaissance buildings with their charming arcaded courtyards are a major attraction. Notable landmarks also include: Klagenfurt is the economic centre of Carinthia, with 20% of

7743-671: Was based in Klagenfurt, with their second-tier phoenix club Austria Klagenfurt also playing there. Klagenfurt hosts the Start/Finish of the Austrian Ironman Contest, 3.8 km ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 8  mi) swim, 180 km (112 mi) cycling, and a 42 km (26 mi) run, part of the WTC Ironman series, which culminates in the Hawaii World Championships. The World Rowing Championships were held on

7832-454: Was re-established in Klagenfurt in 1947. Several Slovene language newspapers were also published in the city, among them Slovenski glasnik . By the late 19th century, however, the Slovene cultural and political influence in Klagenfurt had declined sharply, and by the end of World War I , the city showed an overwhelmingly Austrian German character. Nevertheless, in 1919, the city was occupied by

7921-447: Was unable to secure both sides. The British troops encountered stiff resistance from the German 9th and 10th SS Panzer Divisions , which had been stationed in and around the city. The British force at the bridge eventually ran out of ammunition and was captured on 21 September, and a full withdrawal of the remaining forces was made on 26 September. These events were dramatized in the 1977 movie A Bridge Too Far . (The bridge scenes in

#805194