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38-576: Hanalei means " lei making" or "crescent bay" in Hawaiian . It may refer to: Features on Kauaʻi [ edit ] Hanalei, Hawaii , a village (census-designated place) Hanalei River Hanalei Bay Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge Hanalei Pier , on the National Register of Historic Places Other uses [ edit ] Hanalei (band) , an American indie rock band Topics referred to by

76-436: A vascular plant , the other being the root . It supports leaves , flowers and fruits , transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem , engages in photosynthesis, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue. The stem can also be called the culm , halm , haulm , stalk , or thyrsus . The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term " shoots "

114-459: A backing such as hala , laʻi , paper, or felt. Each successive row of lei material is overlapped on the previous to create a scale-like effect. Bougainvillea lei and feather hat lei often are made with this method. Kui : pierce, piercing stitch. A method of making a lei by sewing or piercing the decorative material with a needle and stringing it onto a thread. This is probably the style with which most Westerners are familiar. This method

152-430: A few major staple crops such as potato and taro . Sugarcane stems are a major source of sugar. Maple sugar is obtained from trunks of maple trees. Vegetables from stems are asparagus , bamboo shoots , cactus pads or nopalitos , kohlrabi , and water chestnut . The spice, cinnamon is bark from a tree trunk. Gum arabic is an important food additive obtained from the trunks of Acacia senegal trees. Chicle ,

190-587: A form of honor to each other and their gods. The religion of the Native Hawaiians as well as the hula custom is tied into the leis that they wore. Native Hawaiians, who are Polynesian, brought the tradition of lei making and wearing with them to the Hawaiian islands when they arrived. On the first of every May, an event called Lei Day is celebrated to honor the act of lei making and the custom surrounding it. There are many customs and protocols associated with

228-582: A leaf or cloth backing. In Niue the iconic lei is the kahoa hihi which made from strings of tiny, distinctively yellow snail (hihi) shells. Many modern Polynesian celebrations include the giving and receiving of leis in various forms, including recent adaptations of the flower/plant lei in which candy, folded currency bills, rolls of coinage, and even spam musubi are tied into garlands. "Non-traditional" materials such as cloth ribbon, sequins, cellophane wrap, curling ribbon, and yarn are often used to fashion leis in various forms today. Among residents of Hawaiʻi,

266-440: A series or pattern and worn as a wreath or a necklace. The Hawaiian island of Niʻihau is famous for its lei made of tiny gem-like shells ( pūpū ). The eight most common methods of making lei are: Haku : three-ply braid incorporating additional materials. A method of making a lei by using a base material, such as softened tree bark or long leaves, and braiding it while adding the decorative plant material into each wrap of

304-405: A song. A song composed out of affection for an individual is considered a lei . Lei may be open or closed, depending on circumstance. These leis are traditionally constructed using natural foliage. Leis were originally worn by ancient Polynesians and some Asian people as part of custom. They were often used by Native Hawaiians to signify their ranks and royalty. They are also worn as

342-986: A variety of reasons. Most commonly, these reasons include peace, love, honor, or friendship. Common events during which leis may be distributed include graduations, weddings, and school dances. Often the composition of a lei determines its significance. A lei made using a hala fruit , for instance, is said to be connected to love, desire, transition, and change. A lei may be composed of a pattern or series of just about anything, but most commonly consists of fresh natural foliage such as flowers, leaves, vines, fern fronds, and seeds. The most commonly used flowers are those of plumerias , tuberose , carnations , orchids , and pikake , though maile leaves, ferns , and tī leaves are extremely popular as well as traditional among hula dancers . Other types of lei may include sea or land shells, fish teeth, bones, feathers, plastic flowers, fabric, paper (including origami and monetary bills), candy, or anything that can be strung together in

380-461: A window to dry, allowing the natural fragrance to fill the room. This technique is often used in cars as well. In Polynesian cultures , a lei is something that is created by someone and given to another with the intent to decorate that person for an emotional reason—usually as a sign of affection. Common reasons include greeting, farewell, affection or love , friendship, appreciation, congratulation, recognition, or to otherwise draw attention to

418-470: Is commonly used to string flowers such as plumeria , rose , carnation , etc. Wili : wind, twist, crank, coil. A corkscrew-type twist, as found in a pig's tail and the seed pod of the wiliwili tree. A method of making a lei by winding fiber around successive short lengths of the decorative material. Sometimes base materials such as hala , laʻi , strands of raffia, or even strips of paper are used to make wrapping easier. Haku mele : to braid

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456-578: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lei (Hawaii) Lei gained popularity in the United States due to the common practice of presenting one to arriving or leaving tourists in Hawaii. Sampaguita leis are also used in the Philippines for religious reason, typically worn to their Anito or religious statues. A lei can be given to someone for

494-458: Is important in aiding metabolic activities (eg. respiration , photosynthesis , transport, storage) as well as acting as structural support and forming new meristems . Most or all ground tissue may be lost in woody stems . Vascular tissue, consisting of xylem , phloem and cambium ; provides long distance transport of water , minerals and metabolites ( sugars , amino acids ); whilst aiding structural support and growth. The arrangement of

532-403: Is made using this method. Hipuʻu / nipuʻu : a method of making a lei by knotting the stems of the decorative plant material and stringing the next stem through the knot. It requires a very long stem on the decorative material. Similar to a daisy chain. Humu / humuhumu : sew to a backing, usually using a basting stitch. A method of making a lei by sewing the decorative material to

570-431: Is often confused with "stems"; "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth, including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. In most plants, stems are located above the soil surface, but some plants have underground stems . Stems have several main functions: Stems have two pipe-like tissues called xylem and phloem . The xylem tissue arises from the cell facing inside and transports water by

608-423: Is present above the pericycle and vascular bundles. Woody dicots and many nonwoody dicots have secondary growth originating from their lateral or secondary meristems: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium or phellogen. The vascular cambium forms between the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles and connects to form a continuous cylinder. The vascular cambium cells divide to produce secondary xylem to

646-399: Is the use of tree rings as a record of past climates. The aerial stem of an adult tree is called a trunk . The dead, usually darker inner wood of a large diameter trunk is termed the heartwood and is the result of tylosis . The outer, living wood is termed the sapwood. Vascular bundles are present throughout the monocot stem, although concentrated towards the outside. This differs from

684-486: Is where the vascular tissue branches off to a frond . In cross section, the vascular tissue does not form a complete cylinder where a leaf gap occurs. Fern stems may have solenosteles or dictyosteles or variations of them. Many fern stems have phloem tissue on both sides of the xylem in cross-section. Foreign chemicals such as air pollutants, herbicides and pesticides can damage stem structures. There are thousands of species whose stems have economic uses. Stems provide

722-552: Is widely used to make paper , paperboard , cellulose sponges, cellophane and some important plastics and textiles , such as cellulose acetate and rayon . Bamboo stems also have hundreds of uses, including in paper, buildings, furniture, boats, musical instruments, fishing poles , water pipes , plant stakes, and scaffolding . Trunks of palms and tree ferns are often used for building. Stems of reed are an important building material for use in thatching in some areas. Tannins used for tanning leather are obtained from

760-487: The action of transpiration pull , capillary action , and root pressure . The phloem tissue arises from the cell facing outside and consists of sieve tubes and their companion cells. The function of phloem tissue is to distribute food from photosynthetic tissue to other tissues. The two tissues are separated by cambium , a tissue that divides to form xylem or phloem cells. Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection, or photosynthesis , including

798-408: The braid. Normally used for flowers and foliage with long pliable petioles or stems . Hili : braid or plait with only one kind of material. Most commonly made from three or more strands of supple vine or fern braided together. Hilo : twist, double helix, intertwine. A method of making a lei by twisting two strands together to form a "rope". The popular and simple lei lāʻī ( tī leaf lei)

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836-434: The country's national flower. However, in the recent years, more affordable options has emerged. This became popular over time as fresh flowers are hard to maintain especially during long events. One of the popular modern option are rosette leis, it is made of Brocade cut into necklace of various designs and a center piece flower petals made of satin ribbon. Plant stem A stem is one of two main structural axes of

874-606: The dicot stem that has a ring of vascular bundles and often none in the center. The shoot apex in monocot stems is more elongated. Leaf sheathes grow up around it, protecting it. This is true to some extent of almost all monocots. Monocots rarely produce secondary growth and are therefore seldom woody, with palms and bamboo being notable exceptions. However, many monocot stems increase in diameter via anomalous secondary growth. All gymnosperms are woody plants. Their stems are similar in structure to woody dicots except that most gymnosperms produce only tracheids in their xylem, not

912-415: The epidermis in function. Areas of loosely packed cells in the periderm that function in gas exchange are called lenticels. Secondary xylem is commercially important as wood. The seasonal variation in growth from the vascular cambium is what creates yearly tree rings in temperate climates. Tree rings are the basis of dendrochronology , which dates wooden objects and associated artifacts. Dendroclimatology

950-455: The following: Stem usually consist of three tissues: dermal tissue , ground tissue , and vascular tissue . Dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to protect the stem tissue, and control gas exchange . The predominant cells of dermal tissue are epidermal cells . Ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma , collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells ; and they surround vascular tissue. Ground tissue

988-411: The giving, receiving, wearing, storing, and disposing of lei. A story that originated during World War II tells of a hula dancer who dared to give a lei to a US soldier along with a kiss, leading it to become a tradition of lei distribution in modern times. To this day, leis remain a notable aspect of Hawaiian culture. Traditionalists give a lei by bowing slightly and raising it above the heart, allowing

1026-424: The inside and secondary phloem to the outside. As the stem increases in diameter due to production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, the cortex and epidermis are eventually destroyed. Before the cortex is destroyed, a cork cambium develops there. The cork cambium divides to produce waterproof cork cells externally and sometimes phelloderm cells internally. Those three tissues form the periderm , which replaces

1064-431: The lei measured 5,336 feet (1,626 m) in length, more than a mile. Notable Hawaiian artisans of feather lei (lei hulu) making include Mary Louise Kekuewa , and Johanna Drew Cluney . All of the major islands celebrate Lei Day, and each island is symbolized in pageantry by a specific type of lei and a color. The old custom for welcoming guests in the Philippines is by giving a flower necklace made of sampaguita,

1102-716: The main ingredient in chewing gum , is obtained from trunks of the chicle tree. Medicines obtained from stems include quinine from the bark of cinchona trees, camphor distilled from wood of a tree in the same genus that provides cinnamon , and the muscle relaxant curare from the bark of tropical vines. Wood is used in thousands of ways; it can be used to create buildings , furniture , boats , airplanes , wagons , car parts, musical instruments , sports equipment , railroad ties , utility poles , fence posts, pilings , toothpicks , matches , plywood , coffins , shingles , barrel staves, toys , tool handles, picture frames , veneer , charcoal and firewood . Wood pulp

1140-401: The most popular occasions at which nā lei can be found are birthdays, graduations, weddings, funerals, retirement parties, and bridal showers. It is not uncommon for a high school or college graduate to be seen wearing so many nā lei that they reach their ears or higher. On May 1 each year, Hawaiians celebrate " Lei Day ", first conceived in 1927 by poet Don Blanding . At the time, Blanding

1178-423: The musician's music stand or microphone stand. Lei should never be thrown away casually, or tossed into the trash. Traditionally they should be returned to the place they were gathered, or if that is not possible, they should be returned to the earth by hanging in a tree, burying, or burning. A lei represents love, and to throw one away represents throwing away the love of the giver. Many types of lei can be left in

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1216-416: The recipient to take it, as raising the hands above another's head, or touching the face or head, is considered disrespectful. By tradition, only open lei are given to a pregnant or nursing woman. If due to allergies or other reasons a person cannot wear a lei which has just been given (for instance a musician who would tangle the lei in their guitar strap), the lei is displayed in a place of honor , such as

1254-575: The recipient. In Samoa , similar garlands fashioned of entire flowers, buds, seeds, nuts, plant fibers, leaves, ferns, seashells, or flower petals are called "asoa" or "ula", while single flowers or clusters worn in the hair or on the ear are called sei . In Tahiti such garlands are referred to as "hei" and in the Cook Islands they are called an "ei". Tongans are known for creating unique "kahoa" leis made of chains of flat, crescent or triangular arrangements made of flower petals and leaves sewn onto

1292-449: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hanalei . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanalei&oldid=869089515 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1330-519: The vascular tissues varies widely among plant species . Dicot stems with primary growth have pith in the center, with vascular bundles forming a distinct ring visible when the stem is viewed in cross section. The outside of the stem is covered with an epidermis, which is covered by a waterproof cuticle. The epidermis also may contain stomata for gas exchange and multicellular stem hairs called trichomes . A cortex consisting of hypodermis (collenchyma cells) and endodermis (starch containing cells)

1368-519: The vessels found in dicots. Gymnosperm wood also often contains resin ducts. Woody dicots are called hardwoods, e.g. oak , maple and walnut . In contrast, softwoods are gymnosperms, such as pine , spruce and fir . Most ferns have rhizomes with no vertical stem. The exception is tree ferns , which have vertical stems that can grow up to about 20 metres. The stem anatomy of ferns is more complicated than that of dicots because fern stems often have one or more leaf gaps in cross section. A leaf gap

1406-408: The wood of certain trees, such as quebracho . Cork is obtained from the bark of the cork oak . Rubber is obtained from the trunks of Hevea brasiliensis . Rattan , used for furniture and baskets, is made from the stems of tropical vining palms. Bast fibers for textiles and rope are obtained from stems of plants like flax , hemp , jute and ramie . The earliest known paper was obtained from

1444-524: Was employed by the Honolulu Star Bulletin , and he shared his idea with columnist Grace Tower Warren, who came up with the phrase, "May Day is Lei Day". The Hawaiian song , "May Day is Lei Day in Hawaii" was composed in 1927 by Ruth and Leonard "Red" Hawk. At the 81st Annual Mayor's Lei Day Celebration at Kapiolani Park in 2008, Honolulu set the record for the World's Longest Lei. Unofficially,

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