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23-556: The national park is known to have 1,142 species of plants including Korean red pine , Japanese black pine , common camellia , serrata oak , cork oak as well as rare species such as nadopungnan ( Sedirea japonica ), daeheongnan ( Cymbidium nipponicum ) and the Korean winter hazel . It boasts more than 25 mammal species such as Finless porpoise , Eurasian otter , Asian badger , and so on, 115 bird species, 16 reptile species, 1,566 insect species, and 24 freshwater fish species, including

46-604: A penjing . Resin A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer . Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds , and predominantly terpenes . Well known resins include amber , hashish , frankincense , myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac . Resins are commonly used in varnishes , adhesives , food additives , incenses and perfumes . Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins confound

69-481: A bright but smoky flame. Rosin consists of a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the resin acids . Related to the terpenes, resin acid is oxidized terpenes. Resin acids dissolve in alkalis to form resin soaps , from which the resin acids are regenerated upon treatment with acids. Examples of resin acids are abietic acid (sylvic acid), C 20 H 30 O 2 , plicatic acid contained in cedar, and pimaric acid , C 20 H 30 O 2 ,

92-524: A constituent of galipot resin. Abietic acid can also be extracted from rosin by means of hot alcohol. Rosin is obtained from pines and some other plants , mostly conifers . Plant resins are generally produced as stem secretions, but in some Central and South American species of Dalechampia and Clusia they are produced as pollination rewards, and used by some stingless bee species in nest construction. Propolis , consisting largely of resins collected from plants such as poplars and conifers ,

115-515: A high proportion of resin acids . Rosins on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds. Examples of plant resins include amber , Balm of Gilead , balsam , Canada balsam , copal from trees of Protium copal and Hymenaea courbaril , dammar gum from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae , dragon's blood from the dragon trees ( Dracaena species), elemi , frankincense from Boswellia sacra , galbanum from Ferula gummosa , gum guaiacum from

138-493: A wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant. Most plant resins are composed of terpenes . Specific components are alpha-pinene , beta-pinene , delta-3 carene , and sabinene , the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene , and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes , longifolene , caryophyllene , and delta-cadinene . Some resins also contain

161-432: Is fossil resin (also called resinite) from coniferous and other tree species. Copal, kauri gum, dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits. Subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when a drop of a solvent such as acetone or chloroform is placed on it. African copal and the kauri gum of New Zealand are also procured in a semi-fossil condition. Rosin

184-455: Is a cognate of the Greek ῥητίνη rhētínē "resin of the pine", of unknown earlier origin, though probably non- Indo-European . The word "resin" has been applied in the modern world to nearly any component of a liquid that will set into a hard lacquer or enamel -like finish. An example is nail polish. Certain "casting resins" and synthetic resins (such as epoxy resin ) have also been given

207-427: Is a solidified resin from which the volatile terpenes have been removed by distillation. Typical rosin is a transparent or translucent mass, with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour, non-odorous or having only a slight turpentine odour and taste. Rosin is insoluble in water, mostly soluble in alcohol, essential oils , ether , and hot fatty oils. Rosin softens and melts when heated and burns with

230-455: Is orange-red, cracked into irregular scale-like pieces. Heartwood reddish brown, sapwood light reddish yellow. The height of the tree is 20–35 metres (66–115 feet). The crown can reach 30 metres (98 feet). "The distribution of P. densiflora in China has the following pattern of variation: the more northward it is distributed, the needles are relatively shorter, the white powder on the branchlets

253-405: Is sometimes less obvious or partly obvious, and the color of the cones is lighter. It is light brown yellow". The cones are 4–7 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 –3 in) long. It is closely related to Scots pine , differing in the longer, slenderer leaves which are mid-green without the glaucous-blue tone of Scots pine. This pine has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars, but in

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276-696: Is used by honey bees to seal small gaps in their hives, while larger gaps are filled with beeswax. Shellac is an example of an insect-derived resin. Asphaltite and Utah resin are petroleum bitumens . Human use of plant resins has a very long history that was documented in ancient Greece by Theophrastus , in ancient Rome by Pliny the Elder , and especially in the resins known as frankincense and myrrh , prized in ancient Egypt . These were highly prized substances, and required as incense in some religious rites. The word resin comes from French resine , from Latin resina "resin", which either derives from or

299-599: The Aleppo Pine is used to flavour retsina , a Greek resinated wine . While animal resins are not as common as either plant or synthetic resins some animal resins like lac (obtained from Kerria lacca ) are used for applications like sealing wax in India , and lacquerware in Sri Lanka . Many materials are produced via the conversion of synthetic resins to solids. Important examples are bisphenol A diglycidyl ether , which

322-507: The lignum vitae trees of the genus Guaiacum , kauri gum from trees of Agathis australis , hashish (Cannabis resin) from Cannabis indica , labdanum from mediterranean species of Cistus , mastic (plant resin) from the mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus , myrrh from shrubs of Commiphora , sandarac resin from Tetraclinis articulata , the national tree of Malta, styrax (a Benzoin resin from various Styrax species) and spinifex resin from Australian grasses. Amber

345-519: The vulnerable bird species Pitta nympha , also known as the fairy pitta . In February 2015, a North Pacific right whale , one of the rarest and most endangered whales in the world, was entangled in a mussel farm, and possibly fled from it later in nearby (within Namhae County ). This was the first record of the species in 41 years in South Korea, since the catch off the east coast, and was possibly

368-494: The first official record of a live animal in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) in modern times. This South Korea -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Korean red pine Pinus densiflora , also called the Japanese red pine , the Japanese pine , or Korean red pine , is a species of pine tree native to East Asia and Siberia . In China,

391-469: The leaf, two vascular bundles , about three to nine resin canals , and fine serrations on the edge of the leaf. Branchlets with more or less white powder. Male cones are light reddish yellow, clustered in the lower part of new branches, female cones are light reddish purple, solitary or clustered in two to three clusters. The cones are dark brown yellow or light brown yellow when mature, they dehiscent at maturity, seed scales usually thin, seed winged. The bark

414-620: The leaves. In northeast China, matsutake relies on P. densiflora for growth. " Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve/Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve" takes Matsutake , P. densiflora and ecosystem as the main protection objects. P. densiflora wood has natural anti-corrosion and anti-mildew properties, and natural preservatives and natural wood anti-mold agents can be extracted. P. densiflora has non-stinging needles and soft branches, making it easy to shape as

437-688: The name "resin". Some naturally-derived resins, when soft, are known as 'oleoresins', and when containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid they are called balsams. Oleoresins are naturally-occurring mixtures of an oil and a resin; they can be extracted from various plants. Other resinous products in their natural condition are a mix with gum or mucilaginous substances and known as gum resins . Several natural resins are used as ingredients in perfumes, e.g., balsams of Peru and tolu, elemi, styrax, and certain turpentines. Other liquid compounds found inside plants or exuded by plants, such as sap , latex , or mucilage , are sometimes confused with resin but are not

460-620: The plant is known as 赤松 ( pinyin : chì sōng, literally "red pine"). P. densiflora has a home range that includes Japan , the Korean Peninsula , northeastern China ( Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Shandong and northeastern Jiangsu ) and the extreme southeast of Russia (in Siberia , southern Primorsky Krai ). The leaves are needle-like, 8–12 centimetres (3– 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) long, with two per fascicle. The short leaves are 5–6 cm. There are stomatal lines on both sides of

483-475: The same. Saps, in particular, serve a nutritive function that resins do not. Plant resins are valued for the production of varnishes , adhesives , and food glazing agents . They are also prized as raw materials for the synthesis of other organic compounds and provide constituents of incense and perfume . The oldest known use of plant resin comes from the late Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa where it

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506-492: The winter it becomes yellowish. The plant prefers full sun on well-drained, slightly acidic soil . Strong wind resistance, P. densiflora is an excellent tree species for afforestation in stony mountains, barren soil and sandy land. The timber can be used for construction, electric poles, sleepers, ore pillars, furniture, and wood fiber industrial raw materials. The trunk is rich in resin , from which rosin and turpentine can be extracted. Essential oil can be extracted from

529-460: Was used as an adhesive for hafting stone tools. The hard transparent resins, such as the copals, dammars , mastic , and sandarac , are principally used for varnishes and adhesives, while the softer odoriferous oleo-resins ( frankincense , elemi , turpentine , copaiba ), and gum resins containing essential oils ( ammoniacum , asafoetida , gamboge , myrrh , and scammony ) are more used for therapeutic purposes, food and incense . The resin of

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