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90-461: Harold Eugene " Hal " Roach Sr. (January 14, 1892 – November 2, 1992) was an American film and television producer, director and screenwriter, who was the founder of the namesake Hal Roach Studios . Roach was active in the industry from the 1910s to the 1990s. He is known for producing a number of early Media franchise successes, including the Laurel and Hardy franchise, Harold Lloyd 's early films,

180-490: A production sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post-production, a supervising sound editor , or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines must be re-recorded. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which takes place in a specialized sound studio . Multiple takes are recorded, and the most suitable take becomes the final version, or portions of various takes may be edited together. The ADR process does not always take place in

270-676: A character known as Willie Work, as in Willie Runs the Park and Lonesome Luke, as in Lonesome Luke, Social Gangster . In 1915, his first success, Just Nuts (1915), landed a long-standing distribution deal with Pathé Exchange . Unable to expand his studios in Downtown Los Angeles because of zoning , Roach leased several studio sites in the Los Angeles area until he purchased what became

360-513: A consultant on projects related to his past work. In 1983 the "Hal Roach Studios" name was reactivated as a video concern, pioneering the new field of colorizing movies. Roach lent his film library to the cause but was otherwise not involved in the new video productions. Extremely vigorous into an advanced age, Roach contemplated a comedy comeback at 96. In 1984, 92-year-old Roach was presented with an honorary Academy Award . Former Our Gang members Jackie Cooper and George "Spanky" McFarland made

450-544: A corporate entity, Hal Roach Studios survived into the 1980s, managing the rights to its catalog, primarily the Laurel and Hardy films, and sporadic new productions such as Kids Incorporated . It also became a pioneer in digital film colorization , purchasing a 50% interest in pioneering company Colorization, Inc. Through Colorization, Inc., Hal Roach Studios produced colorized versions of classic black-and-white Roach films, beginning with Topper and Way Out West , and became

540-499: A dubbed version. Hong Kong live-action films have a long tradition of being dubbed into Mandarin, while more famous films offer a Cantonese version. In Georgia , original soundtracks are kept in films and TV series, but with voice-over translation. There are exceptions, such as some children's cartoons. In India , where "foreign films" are synonymous with " Hollywood films ", dubbing is done mostly in Hindi , Tamil and Telugu . Dubbing

630-598: A few minutes, and then work on the segments one-by-one. In addition to the correct meaning in translation, they make tremendous effort to match the lips of the actors to the dialogue. As a result, the dubbing in these films generally is not readily detected. The cast of dubbers is acknowledged at the end of a dubbed film. Several dubbing actors and actresses of the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio have become well-known celebrities, such as Qiu Yuefeng, Bi Ke, Li Zi, and Liu Guangning. In recent years, however, especially in

720-564: A few months or years later, those movies appear on TV either dubbed in Indonesian or subtitled. Kids shows are mostly dubbed, though even in cartoon series, songs typically are not dubbed, but in big movies such as Disney movies, both speaking and singing voice are cast for the Indonesian dub. Adult films are mostly subtitled but sometimes they can be dubbed as well, and because there are not many Indonesian voice actors, multiple characters might have

810-471: A home video arm, Grolier Home Video, to produce adaptations of Grolier's book properties. In 1986, the company made an offer to buy Rastar Productions , but it was turned down in 1987. The company was gradually acquired from 1985 to 1988 by RHI Entertainment (today Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment ). The company had completed the merger by 1987. Australian financial company Qintex joined

900-458: A joint business venture of Roach partnering with Vittorio Mussolini , son of fascist Italian dictator Benito Mussolini , to form a production company called "R.A.M." (Roach and Mussolini). On 11 September 1937, Roach and Vittorio Mussolini formed R.A.M. Productions. Roach claimed the scheme involved Italian bankers providing US$ 6 million that would enable Roach's studio to produce a series of 12 films. Eight would be for Italian screening only while

990-646: A long tradition of dubbing foreign films into Mandarin Chinese , starting in the 1930s. While during the Republic of China era Western motion pictures may have been imported and dubbed into Chinese, since 1950 Soviet movies became the main import, sometimes even surpassing the local production. In Communist China, most European movies were dubbed in Shanghai, whereas Asian and Soviet films were usually dubbed in Changchun . During

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1080-460: A more precise guide for the actors, directors , and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The "band" is actually a clear 35 mm film leader on which the dialogue is hand-written in India ink , together with numerous additional indications for the actor—including laughs, cries, length of syllables, mouth sounds, breaths, and mouth openings and closings. The rythmo band

1170-431: A post-production studio. The process may be recorded on location with mobile equipment. ADR can also be recorded without showing the actor the image they must match, but by having them listen to the performance, since some actors believe that watching themselves act can degrade subsequent performances. The director may be present during ADR; alternatively, they may leave it up to a trusted sound editor, an ADR specialist, and

1260-498: A projector one by one. For each scene, the loop would be played repeatedly while the voice actor performed the lines, trying to synchronize them to the filmed performance. This was known as "looping" or a "looping session". Loading and reloading the film loops while the talent and recording crew stood by was tedious. Later, videotape and then digital technology replaced the film loops, and the process became known as automated dialogue replacement (ADR). In conventional film production,

1350-453: A resident company of comedy stars and cast his films with familiar featured players ( William Tracy and Joe Sawyer , Johnny Downs , Jean Porter , Frank Faylen , William Bendix , George E. Stone , Bobby Watson , etc.). Recognizing the value of his film library, in 1943 Roach began licensing revivals of his older productions for theatrical distribution through Film Classics, Inc. and home-movie distribution. Hal Roach Sr., commissioned in

1440-773: A result of the boycott by the British actors' union Equity , which banned the sale of most British television programs, the puppet series The Adventures of Rupert Bear was dubbed into South African English , as the original voices had been recorded by Equity voice artists. This practice has declined as a result of the reduction of airtime for the language on SABC TV, and the increase of locally produced material in Afrikaans on other channels like KykNet . Similarly, many programs, such as The Jeffersons , were dubbed into Zulu , but this has also declined as local drama production has increased. However, some animated films, such as Maya

1530-403: A voice is created from scratch for animations, the term "original voice" is used, since these media are often partially finished before the voice is implemented. The voice work would still be part of the creation process, thus being considered the official voice. Films, videos , and sometimes video games are dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing

1620-449: Is common in theatrically released films, television films , television series , cartoons , anime and telenovelas . In many countries, dubbing was adopted, at least in part, for political reasons. In authoritarian states such as Fascist Italy and Francoist Spain , dubbing could be used to enforce particular ideological agendas, excising negative references to the nation and its leaders and promoting standardized national languages at

1710-582: Is low), often with the English-language originals released in the metropolitan areas. In all other states, the English originals are released along with the dubbed versions, where often the dubbed version collections are more outstanding than the originals. Spider-Man 3 was also done in the Bhojpuri language , a language popular in eastern India in addition to Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. A Good Day to Die Hard ,

1800-499: Is not an occasion for celebration or social fetes. Those who welcome him are opening their arms to a friend of Hitler and an enemy of democracy." " Loews chairman Nicholas Schenck was so upset he canceled Roach's MGM deal." This proposed business alliance with Mussolini alarmed MGM, which intervened and forced Roach to buy his way out of the venture. This embarrassment, coupled with the underperformance of much of Roach's latest feature-film output (except Laurel & Hardy titles and

1890-401: Is one that feels like the original character is speaking the target language. Therefore, in the localization process, the position of the dialogue writing or song writing is extremely important. Localization is the practice of adapting a film or television series from one region of the world for another. In contrast to pure translation, localization encompasses adapting the content to suit

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1980-568: Is performed in the Levant countries with a strong tradition of dubbing (mainly Syria , Lebanon and Jordan ). Egypt was the first Arab country in charge of dubbing Disney movies in 1975 and used to do it exclusively in Egyptian Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic until 2011, and since then many other companies started dubbing their productions in this dialect. Beginning with Encanto , Disney movies are now dubbed in both dialects. In

2070-402: Is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture. Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone (only picture and audio). With ADR, actors can average 10–12 lines per hour, while rythmo band can facilitate the reading of 35-50 lines per hour. However,

2160-464: Is rarely done with the other major Indian languages, namely Bengali , Gujarati , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , and Odia , due to lack of significant market size. Despite this, some Kannada and Malayalam dubs of children television programs can be seen on the Sun TV channel. The dubbed versions are released into the towns and lower tier settlements of the respective states (where English penetration

2250-711: The Our Gang kids. The studio produced both short films and features for distribution through Pathé Exchange until 1927, when it signed a new distribution deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . By the early 1930s, the studio had entered a golden age, with a line-up of many of film's most popular comedians, including Laurel and Hardy , Charley Chase , Our Gang , Thelma Todd , and Zasu Pitts . As movie theaters began to favor double features over single-feature programs with added short films—Roach's specialty—the studio's focus shifted from shorts to features, such as Topper and Laurel and Hardy's Way Out West (both 1937). In 1938,

2340-679: The 42nd Berlin International Film Festival . On March 30, 1992, Roach appeared at the 64th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Billy Crystal . When Roach rose from the audience to a standing ovation, he decided to give a speech without a microphone, causing Crystal to quip "I think that's appropriate because Mr. Roach started in silent films." In 1916, Roach's mother and father moved into Roach's studio in Culver City, living there until their death. In September 1916, Roach married actress Marguerite Nichols , who worked as an actress in

2430-572: The Czech language . In Western Europe after World War II , dubbing was attractive to many film producers as it helped to enable co-production between companies in different countries, in turn allowing them to pool resources and benefit from financial support from multiple governments. The use of dubbing meant that multi-national casts could be assembled and were able to use their preferred language for their performances, with appropriate post-production dubs being carried out before distributing versions of

2520-575: The Luganda translation and comments, provided by an Ugandan "video jockey" (VJ). VJ's interpreting and narration may be available in a recorded form or live. In Azerbaijan , foreign movies are released in their original language with Azerbaijani subtitles in cinemas. Additionally, some theaters offer Russian and Turkish versions. According to the law, films intended for theatrical release must either be dubbed or subtitled. All television channels are required to broadcast movies and TV shows with dubbed audio. In

2610-528: The Our Gang comedies he produced from 1929 to 1938. In 1955, Roach sold his interests in the production company to his son, Hal Roach Jr., and retired from active production. The younger Roach lacked much of his father's business acumen and was forced to sell the studio in 1958 to The Scranton Corporation, a division of the automobile-parts conglomerate F. L. Jacobs Co. The Roach studio finally shut down in 1961. For two more decades, Roach Sr. occasionally worked as

2700-583: The U.S. Army Signal Reserve Corps in 1927, was called back to active military duty in the Signal Corps in June 1942, at age 50. The studio output he oversaw in uniform was converted from entertainment featurettes to military training films . The studios were leased to the U.S. Army Air Forces , and the First Motion Picture Unit made 400 training, morale and propaganda films at "Fort Roach." Members of

2790-573: The UK , it is also called "post-synchronization" or "post-sync". The insertion of voice actor performances for animation , such as computer generated imagery or animated cartoons , is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. The ADR process may be used to: Other examples include: An alternative method to dubbing, called "rythmo band" (or " lip-sync band"), has historically been used in Canada and France . It provides

Hal Roach - Misplaced Pages Continue

2880-436: The 1920s, Roach's biggest rival was producer Mack Sennett . In 1925, Roach hired away Sennett's supervising director, F. Richard Jones . Roach released his films through Pathé Exchange until 1927, when he struck a distribution deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . He converted his silent-movie studio to sound in late 1928 and began releasing talking shorts in early 1929. In the days before dubbing , foreign-language versions of

2970-510: The 1930s and 1940s, and died in March 1941. They had two children, Hal Roach Jr. , who followed his father as a producer and director, and Margaret Roach . Roach married a second time, on September 1, 1942, to Lucille Prin, a Los Angeles secretary. They were married at the on-base home of Colonel Franklin C. Wolfe and his wife at Wright-Patterson Airfield in Dayton, Ohio , where Roach was stationed at

3060-643: The 1937 hit Topper ), led to the end of Roach's distribution contract with MGM. In May 1938, Roach sold MGM the production rights and actors contracts to the Our Gang shorts. Roach signed a distribution deal with United Artists at this time. From 1937 to 1940, Roach concentrated on producing glossy features, abandoning low comedy almost completely. Most of his new films were either sophisticated farces (like Topper and The Housekeeper's Daughter , 1939) or rugged action fare (like Captain Fury , 1939, and One Million B.C. , 1940). Roach's one venture into heavy drama

3150-1005: The 1960s. In the early decades, it would dub 25 to 30 movies each year, the number rising to 60–75 by the early 2010s. Motion pictures are dubbed for China's Mongol- and Uyghur-speaking markets as well. Chinese television dramas are often dubbed in Standard Mandarin by professional voice actors to remove accents, improve poor performances, or change lines to comply with local censorship laws. In Hong Kong , foreign television programs, except for English-language and Mandarin television programs, are dubbed in Cantonese . English-language and Mandarin programs are generally shown in their original with subtitles. Foreign films, such as most live-action and animated films (such as anime and Disney), are usually dubbed in Cantonese. However most cinemas also offer subtitled versions of English-language films. For

3240-623: The 2000s, the dubbing practice has differed depending on the nature and origin of the program. Animations, children's shows and some educational programs on PTS are mostly dubbed. English live-action movies and shows are not dubbed in theaters or on television. Japanese TV dramas are no longer dubbed, while Korean dramas, Hong Kong dramas and dramas from other Asian countries are still often dubbed. Korean variety shows are not dubbed. Japanese and Korean films on Asian movie channels are still dubbed. In theaters, most foreign films are not dubbed, while animated films and some films meant for children offer

3330-480: The 2018 Laurel and Hardy biopic Stan & Ollie , Roach was portrayed by Danny Huston . In 2020, Rose McGowan alleged that, in 1937, Roach was responsible for a case of large-scale sexual abuse of actresses. The closest link to such accusations against him is that an infamous sex party was held by MGM at the Hal Roach Ranch, which was used by the company as a studio . This is also in relation to one of

3420-728: The Arabic-speaking countries, children's shows (mainly cartoons and kids sitcoms) are dubbed in Arabic, or Arabic subtitles are used. The only exception was telenovelas dubbed in Standard Arabic, or dialects, but also Turkish series, most notably Gümüş , in Syrian Arabic. An example of Arabic voice actors that dub for certain performers is Safi Mohammed for Elijah Wood . In Tunisia , the Tunisia National Television (TNT),

3510-790: The Army Air Forces. The studio was nicknamed "Fort Hal Roach". From 1943, Roach licensed revivals of his sound-era productions for theatrical and home-movie distribution. Following the War, Roach became the first Hollywood producer to go to an all-color production schedule, making four streamliners in Cinecolor . With the television boom of the late 1940s, Roach shifted to TV production with Hal Roach Television Corportion and produced Fireside Theatre , Amos 'n' Andy , The Public Defender , The Life of Riley and The Stu Erwin Show . In April 1959,

3600-508: The Bee , have been dubbed in both Afrikaans and Zulu by local artists. In 2018, eExtra began showing the Turkish drama series Paramparça dubbed in Afrikaans as Gebroke Harte or "Broken Hearts", the first foreign drama to be dubbed in the language for twenty years. Uganda's own film industry is fairly small, and foreign movies are commonly watched. The English soundtrack is often accompanied by

3690-606: The Cultural Revolution, North Korean, Romanian and Albanian films became popular. Beginning in the late 1970s, in addition to films, popular TV series from the United States, Japan, Brazil, and Mexico were also dubbed. The Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio has been the most well-known studio in the film dubbing industry in China. In order to generate high-quality products, they divide each film into short segments, each one lasting only

Hal Roach - Misplaced Pages Continue

3780-512: The Hal Roach Studios from Harry Culver in Culver City, California , at 8822 Washington Boulevard, and built by 1920. During the 1920s and 1930s, he employed Lloyd (his top money-maker until his departure in 1923), Will Rogers , Max Davidson , the Our Gang children, Charley Chase , Harry Langdon , Thelma Todd , ZaSu Pitts , Patsy Kelly and, most famously, Laurel and Hardy . During

3870-502: The Pacific Coast. Along the way, he picked up the know-how necessary to land work as an extra in a J. Warren Kerrigan western, which was being filmed on location in the desert. It was here that he first met fellow player Harold Lloyd , the first of many talents whom Hal Roach would nurture and build a fortune on. During the filming of a roulette sequence, Roach got himself promoted to the position of technical advisor by pointing out that

3960-606: The Roach comedies were created by reshooting each film in Spanish, French, and occasionally Italian and German. Laurel & Hardy, Charley Chase, and the Our Gang kids (some of whom had barely begun school) were required to recite the foreign dialogue phonetically , often working from blackboards hidden off-camera. In 1931, with the release of the Laurel & Hardy film Pardon Us , Roach began producing occasional full-length features alongside

4050-487: The United States, many of these voice artists may employ pseudonyms or go uncredited due to Screen Actors Guild regulations or the desire to dissociate themselves from the role. In Algeria , Morocco , and Tunisia, most foreign movies (especially Hollywood productions) are shown dubbed in French. These movies are usually imported directly from French film distributors. The choice of movies dubbed into French can be explained by

4140-532: The advent of movies and cinemas in the country. Since then, foreign movies have always been dubbed for the cinema and TV foreign films and television programs are subtitled in Persian . Using various voice actors and adding local hints and witticisms to the original contents, dubbing played a major role in attracting people to the cinemas and developing an interest in other cultures. The dubbing art in Iran reached its apex during

4230-512: The age of 100. He had married twice, and had six children, eight grandchildren, and a number of great-grandchildren. Roach outlived three of his children by more than 20 years: Hal Jr. (died in 1972), Margaret (died in 1964), and Elizabeth (died in 1946). He also outlived many of the children who starred in his films. Roach is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira, New York , where he grew up. In

4320-719: The ball has to travel in the opposite direction of the wheel – knowledge he had gained in San Francisco's Barbary Coast ." On 23 July 1914, Roach incorporated Rolin Film Company with Dan Linthicum and I.H. Nance. In 1914, the Lewis Leonard Bradbury (November 6, 1823 – July 15, 1892) mansion, on the corner of Court Street and Hill Street, Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California , was Roach's film studio. Upon coming into an inheritance, in 1915 he began producing short film comedies with his friend Harold Lloyd , who portrayed

4410-428: The board, a prelude to their full takeover of the company by 1988. Dubbing (filmmaking) Dubbing (also known as re-recording and mixing ) is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production where supplementary recordings (known as doubles ) are lip-synced and "mixed" with original production audio to create the final product. Often this process is performed on films by replacing

4500-509: The dubbed versions. The same situation is encountered in films. Sometimes foreign programs and films receive more than one dub, such as for example, Jumanji , Dragonheart and Van Helsing having two Hindi dubs. Information for the Hindi, Tamil and Telugu voice actors who have done the voices for specific actors and for their roles on foreign films and television programs are published in local Indian data magazines, for those that are involved in

4590-481: The dubbing cast or staff. The DVD releases, however, do have credits for the dubbing staff, if they are released multilingual. As of recently, information for the dubbing staff of foreign productions have been expanding due to high demands of people wanting to know the voice actors behind characters in foreign works. Unlike movie theaters in most Asian countries, those in Indonesia show foreign movies with subtitles. Then

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4680-517: The dubbing industry in India. But on a few occasions, there are some foreign productions that do credit the dubbing cast, such as animated films like the Barbie films, and some Disney films. Disney Channel original series released on DVD with their Hindi dubs show a list of the artists in the Hindi dub credits, after the original ending credits. Theatrical releases and VCD releases of foreign films do not credit

4770-464: The earliest reports of rape in Hollywood, filed by blacklisted dancer and extra Patricia Douglas , which was later covered in the documentary Girl 27 , a production McGowan herself has praised for educating on sexual abuse in Hollywood . Hal Roach Studios Roach saw significant success in the 1920s with series of short comedy films featuring stars such as Harold Lloyd , Snub Pollard , and

4860-560: The exact same voice. When it comes to reality shows, whether the show is dubbed or not differs. For example, the Japanese competition show TV Champion Japan are fully dubbed, while other reality shows are aired with Indonesian subtitles. All Malay language TV shows, including animated ones, are subtitled instead, likely due to the language's mutual intelligibility with Indonesian. In Iran , International foreign films and television programs are dubbed in Persian . Dubbing began in 1946 with

4950-504: The expense of local dialects and minority languages. In post-Nazi Germany , dubbing was used to downplay events in the country's recent past, as in the case of the dub of Alfred Hitchcock 's Notorious , where the Nazi organization upon which the film's plot centers was changed to a drug smuggling enterprise. The first post- WWII movie dub was Konstantin Zaslonov (1949) dubbed from Russian into

5040-409: The facilities for such programs as Amos 'n' Andy , The Life of Riley and The Abbott and Costello Show . By 1951, the studio was producing 1,500 hours of television programs a year, nearly three times Hollywood's annual output of feature movies. Roach's old theatrical films were also early arrivals on television. His Laurel and Hardy comedies were successful in television syndication , as were

5130-418: The film. Automated dialogue replacement ( ADR ) is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor (or a replacement actor) after the filming process to improve audio quality or make changes to the initially scripted dialog. In the early days of talkies , a loop of film would be cut and spliced together for each of the scenes that needed to be rerecorded, and then the loops would be loaded onto

5220-510: The films of entertainer Charley Chase , and the Our Gang short film comedy series. Roach was born in Elmira, New York , to Charles Henry Roach, whose father was born in Wicklow , County Wicklow , Ireland, and Mabel Gertrude Bally, her father John Bally being from Switzerland. A presentation by the American humorist Mark Twain impressed Roach as a young grade school student. "Hal's first job

5310-481: The final dub product is significantly different from the original. Some fans frown on any extensive localization, while others expect it, and to varying degrees, appreciate it. The new voice track is usually spoken by a voice actor . In many countries, actors who regularly perform this duty remain little-known, with the exception of particular circles (such as anime fandom ) or when their voices have become synonymous with roles or actors whose voices they usually dub. In

5400-431: The first studio to distribute colorized films in 1985. Roach's Colorization, Inc. colorized films from other studios as well. On July 17, 1986, Hal Roach Studios inked an agreement with film production company Otto Preminger Films to colorize four black-and-white Otto Preminger movies for television syndication. On August 8, 1986, Hal Roach Studios and Robert Halmi, Inc. partnered with book publisher Grolier to set up

5490-428: The increased production costs did not result in increased revenue. In 1948, with his studio deeply in debt, Roach re-established his studio for television production, with Hal Roach Jr., producing series such as The Stu Erwin Show , Steve Donovan, Western Marshal , Racket Squad , The Public Defender , The Gale Storm Show , Rocky Jones, Space Ranger and My Little Margie , and independent producers leasing

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5580-635: The language rule. In South Africa , many television programs were dubbed in Afrikaans , with the original soundtrack (usually in English, but sometimes Dutch or German ) " simulcast " in FM stereo on Radio 2000 . These included US series such as The Six Million Dollar Man (Steve Austin: Die Man van Staal) , Miami Vice (Misdaad in Miami) , Beverly Hills 90210 , and the German detective series Derrick . As

5670-613: The larger cities on the east and south coasts, it has become increasingly common for movie theaters to show subtitled versions with the original soundtracks intact. Motion pictures are also dubbed into the languages of some of China's autonomous regions . Notably, the Translation Department of the Tibetan Autonomous Region Movie Company (西藏自治区电影公司译制科) has been dubbing movies into the Tibetan language since

5760-440: The main attraction was a longer-length epic. Exhibitors agreed with him and used Roach's mini-features to balance top-heavy double bills. He had intended to introduce the new format with a series of four Laurel and Hardy featurettes, but was overruled by United Artists, which insisted on two Laurel & Hardy feature films instead. United Artists continued to release Roach's streamliners through 1943. By this time, Roach no longer had

5850-507: The most part, foreign films and TV programs, both live-action and animated, are generally dubbed in both Mandarin and Cantonese. For example, in The Lord of the Rings film series, Elijah Wood's character Frodo Baggins was dubbed into Mandarin by Jiang Guangtao for China and Taiwan. For the Cantonese localization, there were actually two dubs for Hong Kong and Macau . In the first Cantonese dub, he

5940-540: The most recent installment in the Die Hard franchise, was the first ever Hollywood film to receive a Punjabi language dub as well. Most TV channels mention neither the Indian-language dubbing credits, nor its staff, at the end of the original ending credits, since changing the credits casting for the original actors or voice actors involves a huge budget for modifying, making it somewhat difficult to find information for

6030-430: The original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments. This allows filmmakers to replace unclear dialogue if there was issues with the script, background noise, or the original recording. The term "dubbing" commonly refers to the replacement of actors' voices with those of different performers who recite their dialogue for international audiences, typically in a different language from the original dialogue. When

6120-416: The original language to offer voiced-over translations. After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks—dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley , and music—the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack . While dubbing and ADR are similar processes that focus on enhancing and replacing dialogue audio, ADR is a process in which

6210-402: The original language, the dubbing process includes the following tasks: Sometimes the translator performs all five tasks. In other cases, the translator just submits a rough translation and a dialogue writer does the rest. However, the language expertise of translator and dialog writing is different; translators must be proficient in the source language, while dialog writers must be proficient in

6300-541: The past, voice-over was commonly used, but in the last decade, channels have improved the quality by adopting full dubbing. DVD releases are typically imported from Russia or Turkey. The absence of detailed laws, limited regulations, monitoring, and industry interest contribute to ongoing debates on how movies and series should be released. However, certain series and movies (The Kingdom of Solomon, Mokhtarnameh, and Prophet Joseph etc.), have been fully dubbed and released, including availability in home media formats. China has

6390-469: The peaks of the dialog, and automatically time-fit the new dubbed performance to the original to create perfect synchronization. Sometimes, an actor other than the original actor is used during ADR. One example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader , portrayed by David Prowse ; in post-production, James Earl Jones dubbed the voice of Vader. In India , the process is simply known as "dubbing", while in

6480-421: The performers. As of 2020, the automated process includes sophisticated techniques, including automatically displaying lines on-screen for the talent, automated cues, shifting the audio track for accurate synchronization, and time-fitting algorithms for stretching or compressing portions of a spoken line. There is software that can sort out spoken words from ambient sounds in the original filmed soundtrack, detect

6570-417: The preparation of a rythmo band is a time-consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line. This has prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session. For dubs into a language other than

6660-580: The presentation to a flattered Roach, with McFarland thanking the producer for hiring him 53 years prior. An additional Our Gang member, Ernie Morrison , was in the crowd and started the standing ovation for Roach. Years earlier Cooper had been the youngest Academy Award nominee ever for his performance in Skippy when he had been under contract with Roach. Although Paramount had paid Roach $ 25,000 for Cooper's services in that film, Roach paid Cooper only his standard salary of $ 50 per week. On January 21, 1992, Roach

6750-457: The public broadcaster of Tunisia, is not allowed to show any content in any language other than Arabic, which forces it to broadcast only dubbed content (this restriction was recently removed for commercials). During the 1970s and 1980s, TNT (known as ERTT at the time) started dubbing famous cartoons in Tunisian and Standard Arabic. However, in the private sector, television channels are not subject to

6840-453: The recording setting with the actors or the voice talents, to ensure that the dialogue is being spoken in the way that it was written to be, and to avoid any ambiguity in the way the dialogue is to be read (focusing on emphasis, intonation, pronunciation, articulation, pronouncing foreign words correctly, etc.). The overall goal is to make sure the script creates the illusion of authenticity of the spoken language. A successful localization product

6930-454: The remaining four would receive world distribution. The first film for Italy was to be a feature film of the opera Rigoletto . The Hollywood Anti-Nazi League for the Defense of American Democracy resented Mussolini's presence and placed notices in various trade magazines: "He asked for - and received - the privilege of being the first aviator to bomb helpless Ethiopians . . . his presence here

7020-408: The short subjects. Two-reel comedies were less profitable than features, and Roach phased most of them out by 1936. When the Our Gang feature film General Spanky did not do as well as expected, Roach intended to disband Our Gang entirely. MGM still wanted the Our Gang short subjects, so Roach agreed to supply them in single-reel (10-minute) form. Roach was also a good friend to Walt Disney , who

7110-437: The studio was closed due to bankruptcy under the management of Roach's son Hal Roach Jr. Hal Sr. returned to try to resurrect it; but by December 1962, the lot was permanently closed. In August 1963, the lot was demolished after several auctions and sales of the company's assets. Hal Roach Jr. died of pneumonia in 1972. Hal Sr. sold his interest in Hal Roach Studios to a Canadian investment group in 1971; he died in 1992. As

7200-406: The studios began distributing its titles through United Artists , selling the Our Gang short film unit to MGM. In the early 1940s, Roach began producing " streamliner " features—shorter films running 40–50 minutes, intended for exhibition as B movies . From 1942 to 1945, the studio was leased to the First Motion Picture Unit for the production of training and propaganda films, primarily for

7290-453: The target audience. For example, culture-specific references may be replaced and footage may be removed or added. Dub localization is a contentious issue in cinephilia among aficionados of foreign filmmaking and television programs , particularly anime fans. While some localization is virtually inevitable in translation, the controversy surrounding how much localization is "too much" is often discussed in such communities, especially when

7380-424: The target language. The dialogue writer's role is to make the translation sound natural in the target language, and to make the translation sound like a credible dialogue instead of merely a translated text. Another task of dialogue writers is to check whether a translation matches an on-screen character's mouth movements or not, by reading aloud simultaneously with the character. The dialogue writer often stays in

7470-524: The time while serving as a major in the United States Army Air Corps . Roach and Lucille had four children, Elizabeth Carson Roach (December 26, 1945 – September 5, 1946), Maria May Roach (born April 14, 1947), Jeanne Alice Roach (born October 7, 1949), and Kathleen Bridget Roach (born January 29, 1951). Hal Roach died in his home in Bel Air, Los Angeles , from pneumonia , on November 2, 1992, at

7560-413: The unit included Ronald Reagan and Alan Ladd . After the war the government returned the studio to Roach, with millions of dollars of improvements. In 1946, Hal Roach resumed motion picture production, with former Harold Lloyd co-star Bebe Daniels as an associate producer. Roach was the first Hollywood producer to adopt an all-color production schedule, making four streamliners in Cinecolor , although

7650-524: The widespread use of the French language. Another important factor is that local theaters and private media companies do not dub in local languages in order to avoid high costs, but also because of the lack of both expertise and demand. Beginning in the 1980s, dubbed series and movies for children in Modern Standard Arabic became a popular choice among most TV channels, cinemas and VHS/DVD stores. However, dubbed films are still imported, and dubbing

7740-644: Was a fan of Laurel and Hardy at the time. A monkey dressed in a Mickey Mouse costume as well as actors in Three Little Pigs costumes appeared in the 1934 Laurel and Hardy film March of the Wooden Soldiers . Mickey Mouse also appeared in Hollywood Party , also from 1934 and featuring Laurel and Hardy. In 1937, Renato Senise, nephew of Carmine Senise , the then deputy chief of the Italian police, conceived

7830-479: Was a guest on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson , guest-hosted by Jay Leno , one week after his 100th birthday. During the interview, Roach recounted experiences with such stars as Stan Laurel and Jean Harlow ; he even did a brief, energetic demonstration of the "humble hula" dance. In February 1992, Roach traveled to Berlin to receive the honorary award of the Berlinale Kamera for Lifetime Achievement at

7920-519: Was as a newspaper deliverer. One of his customers lived at Quarry Farm - Samuel Clemens, more widely known as Mark Twain ." After an adventurous youth that took him to Alaska , Roach arrived in Hollywood in 1912 and began working as an extra in silent films. "When Hal Roach came to Southern California at the age of 20, he had reached the tail end of a four-year trek across America, which took him from his hometown of Elmira, New York to Alaska, and down

8010-500: Was the acclaimed Of Mice and Men (1939), in which actors Burgess Meredith and Lon Chaney Jr. played the leading roles. The Laurel and Hardy comedies, once the Roach studio's biggest drawing cards, were now the studio's least important product and were phased out altogether in 1940. In 1940, Roach experimented with medium-length featurettes , running 40 to 50 minutes each. He contended that these " streamliners ", as he called them, would be useful in double-feature situations where

8100-577: Was voiced by Leung Wai Tak, while in the second Cantonese dub, he was voiced by Bosco Tang. Taiwan dubs some foreign films and TV series in Mandarin Chinese. Until the mid-1990s, the major national terrestrial channels both dubbed and subtitled all foreign programs and films and, for some popular programs, the original voices were offered in second audio program . Gradually, however, both terrestrial and cable channels stopped dubbing for prime time U.S. shows and films, while subtitling continued. In

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