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19-465: [REDACTED] Look up hair spray in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hairspray may refer to: Hair spray , a personal grooming product that keeps hair protected from humidity and wind Hairspray (1988 film) , a film by John Waters Hairspray (1988 soundtrack) , the film's soundtrack album Hairspray (musical) , a stage musical based on

38-410: A values for their successive deprotonations are 4.41 and 5.41. With the carboxylate groups separated by four methylene groups , adipic acid is suited for intramolecular condensation reactions. Upon treatment with barium hydroxide at elevated temperatures, it undergoes ketonization to give cyclopentanone . About 60% of the 2.5 billion kg of adipic acid produced annually is used as monomer for

57-413: A number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can." These included hairspray, which was among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture" and accoutrements of what they perceived to be enforced femininity . Sales of hairspray declined in the 1970s as hairstyles became predominantly worn straight and loose. By the 1980s, hairspray’s popularity came back as big hairstyles resurged with

76-501: A small volume of a can of hairspray. Most of a canister is filled solvents such as isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) and ethanol. Early hair sprays were developed in Europe in the 1920s. In the US, hair sprays were developed around the time of the aerosol can in the 1940s, and the first patents describing copolymers for hair styling were published in the 1940s. In the US, the first to package it

95-600: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages hair spray Hair sprays consist of the following components: concentrate, plasticizers , luster agents, and fragrances , as well as propellants. Hair spray are a blend of polymers that provide structural support to hair. These frequently include copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Vinyl acetate- crotonic acid copolymers give harder films. In this way hairsprays can be formulated as flexible, medium, and maximum hold. The copolymer mixture

114-535: Is not an economical source for commerce compared to industrial synthesis. Adipic acid, like most carboxylic acids, is a mild skin irritant. It is mildly toxic, with a median lethal dose of 3600 mg/kg for oral ingestion by rats. The production of adipic acid is linked to emissions of N 2 O , a potent greenhouse gas and cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. At adipic acid producers DuPont and Rhodia (now Invista and Solvay , respectively), processes have been implemented to catalytically convert

133-409: Is oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide . The waste product is water. Auguste Laurent discovered adipic acid in 1837 by oxidation of various fats with nitric acid via sebacic acid and gave it the current name because of that (ultimately from Latin adeps , adipis – "animal fat"; cf. adipose tissue ). Adipic acid is a dibasic acid (it has two acidic groups). The pK

152-449: Is produced by oxidation of a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol , which is called KA oil , an abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil. Nitric acid is the oxidant. The pathway is multistep. Early in the reaction, the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone , releasing nitrous acid : The cyclohexanone is then nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond: Side products of

171-476: Is the organic compound with the formula (CH 2 ) 4 (COOH) 2 . From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid : about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon . Adipic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but it is known as manufactured E number food additive E355 . Salts and esters of adipic acid are known as adipates . Adipic acid

190-463: Is usually adjusted to achieve the desired physical properties (adhesive strength, foaming, etc.), using plasticizers such as aminomethyl propanol , surfactants such as benzalkonium chloride , and other agents like dimethicone . Since the phase-out of CFCs in the 1980s, hydrocarbons are popular propellants. These include propane, butane, isobutane, and related volatile hydrocarbons, as well as other mixtures. Such hydrocarbons are poor solvents for

209-487: The glam metal scene. Prior to 1979, the most popular propellants in hairsprays were CFCs . Owing to environmental concerns, they were replaced. Hair spray can be used for things other than hair. For example in the beauty world one might spray some hairspray on the leg and on the inside of the dress so that the dress won't ride up and stay in place. [REDACTED] Media related to Hair spray at Wikimedia Commons Adipic acid Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid

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228-461: The US as Hairspray Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hairspray . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hairspray&oldid=1215274403 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

247-525: The active ingredients such as the polymers. For this reason dimethyl ether is often added as well. It functions both as a propellant and a solvent. In addition to hydrocarbon propellants, fluorinated gases have been widely used as propellants to replace CFCs, with the most common gas being 1,1-difluoroethane . It is often listed as hydrofluorocarbon-152a. Plasticizers used in hair spray include esters of citric acid and adipic acid . Silicones and polyglycols are also used. The concentrate comprises only

266-424: The intention of obtaining a late-burst release profile. Small but significant amounts of adipic acid are used as a food ingredient as a flavorant and gelling aid . It is used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart . As an acidulant in baking powders , it avoids the undesirable hygroscopic properties of tartaric acid . Adipic acid, rare in nature, does occur naturally in beets , but this

285-435: The method include glutaric and succinic acids . Nitrous oxide is produced in about one to one mole ratio to the adipic acid, as well, via the intermediacy of a nitrolic acid . Related processes start from cyclohexanol, which is obtained from the hydrogenation of phenol . Several methods have been developed by carbonylation of butadiene . For example, the hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows: Another method

304-400: The original film Hairspray (2002 album) , the musical's cast album Hairspray Live! , a live television musical version of the stage musical Hairspray (2007 film) , a film based on the musical Hairspray (2007 soundtrack) , the film's soundtrack album Hairspray: The School Musical , a UK reality TV series Pucker! , a 1995 album by The Selecter released in

323-403: The polymeric coating of hydrophilic monolithic systems to modulate the intragel pH, resulting in zero-order release of a hydrophilic drug. The disintegration at intestinal pH of the enteric polymer shellac has been reported to improve when adipic acid was used as a pore-forming agent without affecting release in the acidic media. Other controlled-release formulations have included adipic acid with

342-509: The production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction with hexamethylene diamine forming nylon 66 . Other major applications also involve polymers; it is a monomer for production of polyurethane and its esters are plasticizers , especially in PVC . Adipic acid has been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs. It has also been incorporated into

361-502: Was Chase products (an aerosol manufacturer) in 1948, as the beauty industry saw that the aerosol cans used in World War II for insecticides could be used as a dispenser for hairspray. It thrived and became increasingly popular and mass-produced, as updos and other such hairstyles were created. By 1964, it became the highest selling beauty product on the market. In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest , protestors symbolically threw

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