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32-553: In 1740, the Maratha general of Nagpur , Bhaskar Pant conquered the kingdom for Raghoji I Bhonsle . The Raipur branch of the kingdom survived until 1753, also being annexed by the Marathas of Nagpur . The last ruler was Mohan Singh , who ruled under the suzerainty of Raghoji Bhonsle of Nagpur and died in 1758. The Kalachuris of Raipur branched off from the Kalachuris of Ratnapura in

64-656: A Maratha royal house that ruled the Kingdom of Nagpur from 1739-1853. They hailed from the Bhonsle clan of Marathas and were one of the most important and powerful Maratha chiefs in the Maratha Confederacy . The Bhonsle family branch of Raghoji was known as Hinganikar as they were originally chiefs of Berdi near Hingani in Pune District , established by Bimbaji Bhonsle I. The earliest prominent historically relevant members of

96-603: A foothold in east Maharashtra for future conquests. Mudhoji had three sons, Bapuji, Sabaji, and Parsoji who were entrusted with high military command and the forcible collection of chauth (tribute) in the Mughal territories of Berar . Mudhoji's son Sabaji was given the villages of Rakhswari and Poorkikotar; however, it was Parsoji who attained the highest position in the family during the Mughal-Maratha Wars . The title of " Senasahibsubha " (meaning Master of provinces and armies)

128-430: A province. Later, when most vassal states gained various degrees of self-determination , the finance — and/or chief minister and leader of many princely states (especially Muslim , but also many Hindu , including Baroda , Hyderabad , Mysore , Kochi , Travancore — referred to as Dalawa until 1811) became known as a dewan . Exceptionally, a ruler was himself titled Dewan or a loftier variation, notably: As

160-497: A secondary position in the Maratha Confederacy . The reason for their half-hearted cooperation with the other Maratha chiefs was that they were bribed by Warren Hastings . They were generally opposed to the Peshwa , and claimed independent authority as they essentially controlled the Gond king of Nagpur. Raghuji Bhonsle III died without a male heir in 1853, and the kingdom was annexed by

192-569: A title used in various Early Modern Indian states, Diwan denoted the highest officials in the court after the king; the suffix -ji is added as a mark of respect in India. In the major Maratha states of Baroda (ruled by the Gaekwad), Gwalior (ruled by Scindias or Shinde), Indore (ruled by Holkar), and Nagpur ( ruled by Bhonsle, but not from the Chhatrapati Shivaji family ), the highest officer after

224-688: Is said to have been built by the Haihayavanshis. The Bhonsle Maratha armies passed through Chhattisgarh on their way to invade the Odia kingdoms in eastern India. Bhaskar Pant invaded the Haihaiyavanshi State at the close of 1740. The branch Haihaiyavanshi ruler of Raipur , Amar Singh, did not oppose him. However, the main Haihaiyavanshi ruler of Ratanpur , Raghunath Singh offered resistance by shutting himself in his fort. A fine of one lakh rupees

256-811: The Chief Minister of the Hindu Cooch State in the Bengal region . Diwan also became a surname of high-caste Hindus or Sikhs in the Punjab region . There is also a community with the surname Diwan found in Chhattisgarh , near the Bilaspur and Janjgir-Champa regions. This is a Brahmin-Rajput community descendant from Deo Brahmin-Rajputs who migrated from Purvanchal in Uttar Pradesh . The males in this community take

288-534: The borrowed word "dewan" is the standard word for council, as in the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (or Indonesia's Council of People's Representatives) and Dewan Undangan Negeri ( State Legislative Assembly of Malaysia ), Dewan Rakyat ( House of Representatives of Malaysia ), and Dewan Negara ( Senate of Malaysia ). During the effective rule of Mughal India , the Dewan served as the chief revenue officer of

320-480: The 13th-16th centuries. The Haihaiyavanshi state enjoyed under Garha Kingdom 700 years of peaceful existence due to its borders being protected by precipitous mountain ranges on almost all sides. In the second half of the 12th century, on the accession of Suradeva, the 20th king, the Ratnapura state was divided between him at Ratanpur (Ratnapura) and his younger brother Brahmadeva founded a younger branch at Raipur to

352-448: The 14th century; the Ratnapura branch was, in turn, an offshoot of the Kalachuris of Tripuri . The Raipur State originated as the eastern province of the tenth-century Tripuri Kalachuri or Chedi kingdom, which was centered in the upper Narmada River valley. The kingdom was located east of the main routes between northern and southern India, and thus was unaffected by the Muslim invasions of

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384-421: The 36 forts, and early records list 48 forts in the area. According to Willis, the term garh referred to a district, which was under the charge of the feudal lords ( thakurs or diwans ), who owed allegiance to the king. The garh was also known as chaurasi (eighty-four) because it was meant to be made up of 84 villages. The garhs were in turn made up of smaller units called taluks . The taluk , which

416-793: The Bhonsles in 1741, and by 1742 Maratha control over the state was firmly established. After the death of Raghunath Singh in 1745, Mohan Singh a member of the Haihaiyavanshi Raipur branch, was placed on the throne by Raghoji I Bhonsle . He was loyal to the Bhonsle Nagpur Kingdom and paid regular tribute to the Bhonsle treasury. However, in 1758, Bimbaji Bhonsle was sent against him to assume direct control of Chhattisgarh . Mohan Singh started amassing his forces near Raipur , but died shortly after and thus, Bimbaji Bhonsle assumed rule of

448-580: The British under the doctrine of lapse . The territories of the former kingdom was administered as Nagpur Province , under a commissioner appointed by the Governor-General of India, until the formation of the Central Provinces in 1861. Dewan Dewan (also known as diwan , sometimes spelled devan or divan ) designated a powerful government official, minister, or ruler. A dewan

480-411: The Gond raja of Nagpur's death in 1739, there were quarrels over the succession, leading to the throne being usurped by Wali Shah, an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland Shah . Chand Sultan's widow invoked the aid of the Maratha leader Raghuji Bhonsle of Berar in the interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. Wali Shah was put to death and the rightful heirs placed on the throne. Raghoji I Bhonsle

512-575: The Gonds from the throne of Nagpur , starting with Raghoji Bhonsle. The Bhonsles of Nagpur were near relations of Chhatrapati Shahu , who raised them to riches and power. Raghoji I Bhonsle overran Bengal & Bihar during the reign of Alivardi Khan , occupying Orissa from the Nawab . However, they did not play any part in the Third Battle of Panipat and First Anglo-Maratha War , so they gradually sank to

544-574: The branch were the two brothers Rupaji I and Mudhoji Bhonsle. They served under Shivaji Maharaj , a fellow Bhonsle clansman of the Verulkar branch. Mudhoji was bestowed with Pandogarh mauza in Maharashtra as a jagir for his spectacular exploits and his brother Rupaji I resided at Bham in the district of Yavatmal . Though Chhatrapati Shivaji favoured Rupaji, as Rupaji I was childless, his fiefdom passed over to his brother Mudhoji, which gave Hinganikar Bhonsles

576-638: The council or Cabinet of the state. In the Ottoman Empire , it consisted of the usually (except in the Sultan 's presence) presiding Grand Vizier and other viziers , and occasionally the Janissary Ağa. In 19th-century Romania , the Ad hoc Divan was a body which played a role in the country's development towards independence from Ottoman rule. In Javanese and related languages (such as Malay and Indonesian ),

608-425: The early British Raj. In French India , one of its constituent colonies, Yanaon , had Zamindar and Diwan . They were active in its local and municipal administration during French rule. The Zamindar of Yanam was given a 4-gun salute by French counterparts. The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that Vamsharaj Pande and Swaroop Singh Karki had carried

640-402: The heart to leave such a plentiful and rich country, with it being within his grasp. He declared himself 'protector' of the Gond king. Thus in 1743, Burhan Shah was practically made a state pensionary, with real power being in the hands of the Maratha ruler. After this event the history of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh is not recorded. A series of Maratha rulers came to power following the fall of

672-586: The king was called the Diwan. One of the examples – Shrimant Diwan/Rao Bahadur Atmaram Kulkarni, was the Diwan (Prime Minister) of Maratha Jamkhandi State . In the 19th century, the British Parliament established in British India a supreme court for revenue matters (non-criminal matters) named the " Sudder Dewanny Adawlut ", which applied Hindu law. Dewan, Diwan, Divan, or Deo was the hereditary title borne by

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704-418: The loss of his brother's life. In 1722, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj presented Badnera and Amravati to Ranoji, further extending the presence of Hinganikar Bhonsles in the east. Kanhoji went on to secure the family title of Senasahibsubha after the death of Parsoji in 1709 or 1710. Senasahibsubha Kanhoji ruled for twenty years and laid the foundation of a strict rule in east Maharashtra. After Chand Sultan ,

736-404: The region with ease. According to a tradition, popularized by Cecil Upton Wills (1919), the principalities Raipur and Ratanpur were "sub-kingdoms", and each had 18 forts; the name " Chhattisgarh " derives from these 36 ( Chhattis ) forts ( garh ). However, experts disagree with this theory for several reasons: the name Chhattisgarh does not appear in early records, no historical records identify

768-550: The south. At the end of the 16th century, the Haihaiyavanshi kings recognized the suzerainty of the Mughal Empire . It has been conjectured that the name Mahakosal, the greater Kosala, was made common for Dakshin Kosal or Chhattisgarh by the Chedi - Haihaiyavanshi rulers of this region to make their state sound more dignified and their sovereignty seem more pronounced. The town of Amarkantak

800-864: The title Dhar (e.g., Mohan Dhar Diwan, a high-ranked member of Vishwa Hindu Parishad ). They had a fight with the royal family of Ratanpur, defeated the king, and started ruling the Ratanpur estate. After the Battle of Buxar , when Bengal was annexed by the East India Company in 1764, the Mughal Emperor granted the Company the Diwani (the right to collect revenue) in Bengal and Bihar in 1765. The term Diwani thus referred to British (fiscal) suzerainty over parts of India during

832-469: The title of Senasahibsubha reconfirmed in 1708, along with various sanads for Parsoji. Parsoji's son, Santaji Bhonsle, was part of various campaigns of Chhatrapati Shivaji and the other commanders, until his murder in Delhi during the 1719 campaign to depose Farrukhsiyar led by Senapati Khanderao Dabhade . Ranoji was given the title of Sawai Santaji (meaning Superior Santaji) along with other compensations for

864-665: The word, divan "long, cushioned seat" is due to such seats having been found along the walls in Middle Eastern council chambers. It is a common surname among Sikhs in Punjab. The word first appears under the Caliphate of Omar I (A.D. 634–644). As the Caliphate state became more complicated, the term was extended over all the government bureaus. The divan of the Sublime Porte was

896-559: Was bestowed on Parsoji Bhonsle by Chhatrapati Rajaram , along with rights to regions of Devgad , Gondwana , Chanda and Varhad from where he could exact tribute and effectively settle. Bapuji only had one son Bimbaji who was the father of Raghuji I. Parsoji had three sons; Santaji, Kanhoji and Ranoji each with a distinguished career. Senasahibsubha Parsoji Bhonsle was among the first Maratha lords to pledge himself and his army of 20,000 to Chhatrapati Shahu I after his escape from Mughal camp. In recognition of these acts of loyalty, Shahu had

928-550: Was imposed on Ratanpur , all the wealth that remained in the treasury was confiscated and the country was pillaged thoroughly. However, Raghunath Singh was not harmed and was allowed to rule at Ratanpur under the suzerainty of the Marathas. Having crushed the Haihaiyavanshi king, the nominal overlord of the many petty chieftains and surrounding states, The Marathas demanded that the petty rulers formerly under Haihaiyavanshi rule submit to them, with which they complied. Raigarh fell to

960-438: Was sent back to Berar with a plentiful bounty for his aid. The Maratha general judged that Nagpur must be a plentiful and rich country by the magnificence of his reward. However, dissensions continued between the brothers and once again, the elder brother Burhan Shah requested the aid of Raghuji Bhonsla. Akbar Shah was driven into exile and finally poisoned at Hyderabad . However this time, Ragoji Bhonsle did not have

992-559: Was supposed to contain 12 villages and was also known as bahron (twelve) was held by a dao or barhainya whose authority in the unit closely resembled that of the diwan within the taluk . The village was held by a gaonthia or headman. Several parts of Chhattisgarh country were held by feudatory chiefs who ruled under the suzerainty of the Haihaiyavanshis. Some were Kanker State , Sarangarh State and Sakti State . Bhonsles of Nagpur The Bhonsles of Nagpur were

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1024-438: Was the head of a state institution of the same name (see Divan ). Diwans belonged to the elite families in the history of Mughal and post-Mughal India and held high posts within the government. The word is Persian in origin and was loaned into Arabic. The original meaning was "bundle (of written sheets)", hence "book", especially "book of accounts," and hence "office of accounts," "custom house," "council chamber". The meaning of

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