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71-654: The Centre includes an interpretive centre, temporary exhibit space, Performing House, Canoe house, Carving Shed, the Bill Reid Teaching Centre, Program Management Centre, an expanded Haida Gwaii Museum, a gift shop and a small restaurant and cafe. Planning for the Heritage Centre began in the early-mid 1990s and in 1995, the Qay’llnagaay Heritage Centre Society was formed. The facility was planned in partnership various entities, including

142-719: A canoe filled with human and animal figures: one black, The Spirit of Haida Gwaii , is at the Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C. , in the United States; and one green, The Jade Canoe , is at Vancouver International Airport , in British Columbia . The third sculpture, Chief of the Undersea World , depicts a breaching orca and is installed at the Vancouver Aquarium . Plaster casts of these sculptures are held by

213-428: A French translation by Christine Klein-Letaud. To the right is a satellite image of Canada, with an illustration of Radarsat-1 to its left and a communications antenna to its right. Front Back Canadian Journey Series banknotes differ based on the date they were printed. Other than the change to the $ 5 and $ 10 banknotes to update their security features, the most notable change is the combination of signatures of

284-695: A banknote reader, which it implemented in the Birds of Canada series. For the Canadian Journey Series, the Bank of Canada and the Canadian National Institute for the Blind held consultations with "experts in the fields of vision and tactility perception", during which several desirable features were identified. The Bank of Canada concluded that accessibility features should enable an individual to identify

355-508: A banknote's denomination "quickly, independently, privately, and with the note in any orientation" and that it should implement features assisting individuals with a range of vision impairments. It again rejected denominations having banknotes of different size for being inconsistent with the use of banknote processing equipment such as automated teller machines , vending machines , self checkout machines, slot machines , ticket and parking lot machines, and note sorting equipment. This series

426-482: A barcode, each identifying the respective denomination. The numerals were about 30% larger than in the Birds of Canada series and were chosen after testing conducted by vision experts at the University of Waterloo . The electronic banknote reader distributed for Canadians requiring assistive technologies was also updated to be able to scan and identify these banknotes, and was half the size and weight than that used for

497-553: A bracelet resembling the ones he saw his maternal aunt wear when he was a child. In 1951, Reid returned to Vancouver , where he eventually established a studio on Granville Island . He became greatly interested in the works of his great-great uncle Edenshaw, working to understand the symbolism of his work, much of which had been lost along with many Haida traditions. During this time Reid also worked on salvaging artifacts, including many intricately carved totem poles , which were then moldering in abandoned village sites. He assisted in

568-407: A colour-shifting thread embedded on one side of the banknote, on which is printed the banknote's denomination; and features visible when exposed to ultraviolet light. Features implemented with raised ink on the obverse of each banknote include the large numeral at the bottom right, the shoulder of the portrait, and the words "Bank of Canada" and "Banque du Canada" in a vertical stripe to the left of

639-510: A cotton fibre substrate with "characteristics similar to those of Luminus" on which to print the $ 10 banknote it would issue in January 2001 and later for the $ 5 banknote issued in March 2002. The similarity of the substrate to Luminus would enable a transition to it once production issues were resolved, as the Bank of Canada had acquired Canada-wide rights to the substrate and continued to develop it, but

710-511: A depiction of the banknote's theme, with images of children tobogganing, skating, and playing hockey on a frozen pond. Below a white snowflake near the middle of the banknote is an excerpt from " The Hockey Sweater " by Roch Carrier . It and the $ 10 bill were the last of the Canadian Journey banknotes to be printed, with printing ceasing in November 2013. Front Back The theme chosen for

781-619: A large cedar canoe carved by Reid for Expo 86 , on a two-day journey along the Pacific coast to bring his ashes to Tanu Island in Haida Gwaii , the site of his mother's village of New Clew. Canadian Journey Series (banknotes) Canadian Journey ( French : L'épopée canadienne ) is the sixth series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar designed and circulated by the Bank of Canada . It succeeded

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852-475: A metallic stripe. Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will destroy them. Individuals may keep the banknotes indefinitely. The series was launched in January 2001 when the Bank of Canada issued the $ 10 banknote at a launch event in Ottawa . It also made public presentations to familiarize Canadians with the new banknotes and security features. The Currency Museum developed

923-483: A public education campaign, actively deterred counterfeiting by closer collaboration with law enforcement, and accelerated the removal and destruction of banknotes from older series from circulation. Moreover, it actively discourages financial transactions using banknotes from older series. In the mid 1990s, the Bank of Canada tested a new substrate, named "Luminus" and produced by Domtar, for use in printing banknotes. It printed 100,000 experimental $ 5 banknotes, using

994-503: A quotation from author Gabrielle Roy . He was the subject of Alanis Obomsawin 's 2022 documentary film Bill Reid Remembers . Reid participated in the Haida-led blockades of logging roads which helped save the rain forests of Gwaii Haanas (South Moresby) . He stopped work on the sculpture in Washington during this period to protest the destruction of the forests of Haida Gwaii . At

1065-572: Is now a Remembrance Day icon. Underneath it is an equivalent excerpt from "Au champ d'honneur", the French translation of the poem written by Jean Pariseau. The text of the poem was obtained from a manuscript hand-written by McCrae stored at Library and Archives Canada . Red poppies became a symbol of remembrance for war dead because of McCrae's poem. It and the $ 5 bill were the last of the Canadian Journey banknotes to be printed, with printing ceasing in November 2013. Front Back The theme chosen for

1136-415: The 1986 Birds of Canada banknote series . The first banknote of the Canadian Journey series issued into circulation was the $ 10 bill on 17 January 2001, and the last to be issued was the $ 50 bill on 17 November 2004. The series was succeeded by the 2011 Frontier series , the banknotes of which were first issued into circulation from 2011 to 2013. This series introduced new security features and discontinued

1207-753: The Canadian $ 20 banknote of the Canadian Journey series (2004–2012). William Ronald Reid Jr., was born in Victoria, British Columbia ; his father was American William Ronald Reid Sr., of Scottish-German descent and his mother, Sophie Gladstone Reid, was from the Kaadaas gaah Kiiguwaay, Raven/Wolf Clan of T'anuu, more commonly known as the Haida , one of the First Nations of the Pacific coast. However, in his early years Reid

1278-756: The Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau , Canada. His 1965 painting Smallpox is exhibited at the Canadian Museum of History . Reid's Raven and the First Men carving based on the Haida legend was unveiled at the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology (MOA) in April 1986. In 1975, a dialog between Reid and art historian, Bill Holm in conjunction with a Northwest Coast Indian art exhibition, organized by

1349-592: The Governor of the Bank of Canada and the Deputy Governor occurring on the banknotes, which were updated with every change to the executive of the Bank of Canada. The following signature combination banknotes were released: Canadian Banknotes were printed by two different security printers until 2011: the Canadian Banknote Company and BA International Inc. The serial number prefix indicates which printer

1420-621: The Queen of Canada and former prime ministers, but ultimately rejected the idea at the request of Jean Chrétien , who preferred the familiar portraits. Early prototype designs included prominent portraits and vignettes of parliamentary buildings similar to those of the final design. The reverse of each denomination featured an animal indigenous to Canada in vertical portrait orientation. The set of themes that would ultimately be chosen had to adhere to modern banknote security design principles and "reflect fundamental values recognized and cherished across

1491-697: The $ 10 banknote appeared in circulation in Ontario and Quebec. In May 2006, Peel Regional Police in the Greater Toronto Area seized $ 50,000 worth of $ 20 and $ 50 counterfeit banknotes and received assistance from the Integrated Counterfeit Enforcement Teams division of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to search for the production plant, which had created counterfeit banknotes with a total face value over $ 1,000,000. In

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1562-449: The $ 10 banknote was "remembrance and peacekeeping". The banknote was the first issued in the series and was first circulated on 17 January 2001. An updated version of the $ 10 denomination banknote, incorporating the security features introduced in the higher-denomination banknotes of this series, was issued in May 2005. The obverse has a portrait of John A. Macdonald , the engraving for which

1633-613: The $ 100 banknote was "exploration and innovation". Its design involved input from seven separate sources, among them Natural Resources Canada , the Canadian Space Agency , the National Archives of Canada , and the Canadian Canoe Museum . The banknote was first circulated on 17 March 2004. On the obverse is a portrait of Robert Borden , based on a watercolour by Peral, engraved by Czesław Słania. The vignette at

1704-514: The $ 20 banknote was "arts and culture". The banknote was first circulated in September 2004. The portrait's engraving on the obverse was created by Peral based on a photograph of Elizabeth II taken by Charles Green in 2000. The photograph was taken specifically for rendering an image on this banknote, which appears next to a vignette of the Centre Block of Parliament Hill. The reverse depicts

1775-466: The $ 50 banknote was "nation building". The banknote was first circulated in November 2004 and was the last of the Canadian Journey banknotes to be introduced. The obverse portrait is of William Lyon Mackenzie King created using a computer-assisted engraving process by Giesecke & Devrient . The central vignette depicts the Peace Tower on Parliament Hill. The reverse features an illustration of

1846-541: The Birds of Canada design, having a substrate of polymer core between two layers of cotton paper. The notes were issued into circulation, and the test found "no major problems" with the substrate. It was chosen as the substrate for the $ 5 and $ 10 banknotes in June 1998 and for all other denominations in September 1999. In December 1999, the manufacturer withdrew its offer to supply the substrate because of technical production issues and its market viability. The Bank of Canada found

1917-401: The Birds of Canada series. It was also improved by adding tone and vibration output modes in addition to the speech synthesis voice output of the earlier model. Its development cost about CA$ 500,000. Approximately 3% of a banknote's production cost is associated with the tactile feature. The theme chosen for the $ 5 banknote was "children at play". The banknote was the second issued in

1988-652: The Canadian Bank Note Company, which collaborated with Queen's University tactility perception expert for symbol design. It produced 48 sample designs, of which six were selected for final consideration based on tactility, production techniques, and banknote thickness. These were tested with collaboration of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind and the Canadian Council of the Blind by individuals with functional blindness. The feature

2059-574: The Centre include: The Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Society was established in 1973 to create a museum for the Islands. The museum opened in 1976 and conducts research on the Haida peoples and culture, as well as acquiring artifacts, archival records, and reference material relating to the Haida and to European settlement of the islands. The museum's collection includes artifacts and documents from 1890 to present, but predominantly between 1900 and 1990. The Museum

2130-637: The Heritage Centre Society, the Skidegate Band Council , and Parks Canada. Funding was provided by various sources: Parks Canada (in return for long-term office, classroom, lab, exhibit and interpretive space and a sharing of exhibits), Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage, Gwaii Trust Fund, Haida Gwaii Museum Society, the Skidegate Band Council, and fundraising efforts (continuing as of 2013 The project

2201-648: The Indspire Awards, for Lifetime Achievement in 1994, and was made a member of the Order of British Columbia and an Officer of France 's Order of Arts and Letters . He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts . On 30 April 1996 Canada Post issued 'The Spirit of Haida Gwaii, 1986–1991, Bill Reid' in the Masterpieces of Canadian art series. The stamp was designed by Pierre-Yves Pelletier based on

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2272-620: The Institute for the Arts, Rice University, Houston was published as Form and Freedom: A Dialogue on Northwest Coast Indian Art . Reid received many honours in his life, including honorary degrees from the University of British Columbia , the University of Toronto , the University of Victoria , the University of Western Ontario , York University , and Trent University . He received the National Aboriginal Achievement Award ,

2343-935: The Islands, and the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site . An exhibitions gallery features art shows during the year. Prominently featured in the Museum are various totem poles, both contemporary and ones carved in the 19th Century. In August 2022, the Haida Gwaii Museum added priceless Haida Nation artifacts to its collection when the Buxton Museum and Art Gallery in the UK offered to repatriate items that it had long displayed. The artifacts include an argillite tray with an ivory inlay and an argillite sculpture. Bill Reid William Ronald Reid Jr. OBC RCA (12 January 1920 – 13 March 1998)

2414-491: The banknotes. Planchettes were replaced by coloured fibres embedded in the paper that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light. Each banknote features the EURion constellation . On the obverse, the pattern occurs in a band between the portrait's shoulder and the signatures of the Governor of the Bank of Canada and deputy governor in the lower right of the banknote. All but the $ 50 banknote also contain several instances of

2485-443: The centre is a female Royal Canadian Air Force officer depicted in peacekeeping duties wearing a combat uniform and blue beret. Adjacent to the officer are white doves in flight and the phrase "In the service of peace". In the lower left corner are red poppies superimposed on a maple leaf, beside which is an excerpt from " In Flanders Fields ", a war poem in the form of a rondeau written by John McCrae during World War I that

2556-504: The centre is of the East Block of Parliament Hill. On the reverse is a depiction of the chosen theme featuring Canadian achievements in cartography and communications . In the lower left-hand corner is an illustration of a birch bark canoe and a 1632 map of New France by Samuel de Champlain , above which is a quotation from the poem Jaques Cartier in Toronto by Miriam Waddington and

2627-531: The chosen theme using illustrations of artwork created by Bill Reid , an artist of maternal Haida heritage from which he draws creative inspiration. To the far left is an illustration of The Raven and the First Men , a laminated yellow cedar sculpture housed at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia , adjacent to which is an excerpt from the 1961 book La Montagne secrète by Gabrielle Roy and its English translation by Harry Binsse. To

2698-422: The constellation on the lower portion of the building vignette at the centre of the banknote. On the reverse, the $ 5 and $ 10 banknotes have a visible plain yellow EURion constellation pattern. The pattern is "clearly identifiable" on the $ 20 and $ 100 banknotes, which encloses each dot of the constellation in a blank circle. On the $ 50 banknote, the pattern is nearly undetectable, as a pattern of fine red lines masks

2769-421: The country". These values included Canadian culture , diversity (for example multiculturalism ), achievements, and that the concepts could be rendered artistically. Two elements of the design would not be changed: the portraits featured on each denomination and the dominant colour for each denomination, both of which were to be the same as those for the respective denomination in the Birds of Canada series. It

2840-615: The couple moved to Toronto, where Reid further developed his keen interest in Haida art while working as a radio announcer for CBC Radio and studying jewelry making at the Ryerson Institute of Technology . During his spare time, he made regular trips to the Royal Ontario Museum and admired the carved Haida pole installed in the main stairwell, which originated from his grandmother's village of T'aanuu. Upon completing his studies, Reid made his first Haida-inspired piece of jewelry,

2911-427: The descriptions adjacent to the building vignettes on the obverse of each banknote; a holographic stripe adjacent to the portrait, with iridescent maple leaves shifting from a matte to shiny gold when tilted; a watermark of the portrait and denomination's value in an empty space near the building vignettes; a see-through number with disjoint components appearing as a complete numeral when viewed with background lighting;

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2982-617: The design process, providing ideas for banknote themes for the series. The formal design of the banknotes began in 1998 and was performed by a team led by art director Jorge Peral at the Canadian Bank Note Company , which also had members from the British American Bank Note Company . The team created model designs that were reviewed by focus groups. The Bank of Canada had considered using portraits of famous Canadian artists and inventors, instead of those of

3053-421: The design process. All banknotes in the series feature a stylised Flag of Canada in the upper right-hand corner of the obverse, and measured 152.4 by 69.85 millimetres (6.000 by 2.750 in). Each banknote also included an excerpt from literary works reflecting the denomination's theme. Because of the increasing proliferation of affordable consumer colour photocopiers , inkjet printers , and scanners ,

3124-402: The holographic metallic strip. A genuine banknote from this series will not fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light except for the coat of arms and the words "Bank of Canada", "Banque du Canada", "Ten", and "Dix" over the left portion of the portrait. Randomly distributed white security fibres embedded in the substrate will glow red. When a banknote is backlit, the "ghost-like" portrait in

3195-606: The partial reconstruction of a Haida village in the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology (MOA). In 1986, Reid's work was featured in an exhibit at the MOA, "Beyond the Essential Form" curated by William McClennan. The exhibit catalog was later published by the University of British Columbia Press as Bill Reid: Beyond the Essential Form by Karen Duffek, Curator: Contemporary Visual Arts & Pacific Northwest. Working in

3266-413: The process for a banknote series to replace Birds of Canada in 1997 by establishing a currency development team. It faced several constraints, including the use of a more secure substrate, addressing increased counterfeiting, improving accessibility for those with visual impairments , and ensuring a financially feasible production because of budgetary constraints. The Ministry of Finance was involved in

3337-437: The project was ultimately discontinued in 2002. As a result, the Bank of Canada chose to use the standard watermarked paper, but required suppliers to include a "windowed metallic thread" in the substrate. Incorporating the desired security features into the design was a "challenging aspect of the design process". These features included: intaglio printing, such as the raised ink in some numerals; microprinting , such as in

3408-536: The resources and time to replicate the security features. The $ 5 and $ 10 denominations released earlier, lacking the metallic stripe and other security features, were a common target of counterfeiters. One of the largest counterfeit operations in Canada was discovered in Toronto , which by the time of its dismantling in 2006 had released counterfeit $ 10, $ 20, $ 50 and $ 100 banknotes with a face value over $ 9 million. The operation

3479-477: The right is a prominent illustration of the sculpture Spirit of Haida Gwaii , with a yellow-toned background depicting the ceremonial drum sculpture Haida Grizzly Bear . In the upper right-hand corner is an illustration depicting the sculpture Mythic Messengers , an 8.5 metres (28 ft) bronze frieze now installed at the Bill Reid Gallery of Northwest Coast Art. Front Back The theme chosen for

3550-480: The sculpture The Spirit of Haida Gwaii (1991) by William Ronald Reid in the Canadian Embassy, Washington, United States. The 90¢ stamps are perforated 12.5 x 13  and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited . Two of his sculptures, The Raven and the First Men and Spirit of Haida Gwaii , are prominently featured on the $ 20 note in the Bank of Canada 's new Canadian Journey (2004) issue, paired with

3621-403: The security features of Birds of Canada was becoming increasingly easier to circumvent. As a result, the Bank of Canada undertook development of the Canadian Journey Series, during which time it also developed a new anti-counterfeiting strategy. In addition to improving the security of the substrate and the integration of security features in the banknote designs, the Bank of Canada also launched

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3692-508: The series and was first circulated in March 2002. An updated version of the $ 5 denomination banknote, incorporating the security features introduced in the higher-denomination banknotes of this series, was issued in November 2006. The obverse has a portrait of Wilfrid Laurier , the engraving for which was created by Czesław Słania . The building depicted at the centre is a vignette of the West Block of Parliament Hill. The reverse features

3763-589: The spring of 2008, a batch of counterfeit $ 100 appeared in the Greater Toronto Area. Reaching a peak distribution there in May, similar forgeries were later found in the Montreal area, with its peak distribution in June. In 2004, Canada had a counterfeit ratio of 470 parts per million, which decreased to 133 parts per million by 2007. The banknotes in the series with the holographic metallic stripe were counterfeited by "well-organized, well-financed groups" having

3834-548: The statue of the women known as The Famous Five fronted by an illustration of the Thérèse Casgrain Volunteer Award medallion honouring Thérèse Casgrain . The text excerpt included on the left-hand side is a quotation from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the first draft of which was composed by Canadian human rights advocate John Peters Humphrey . Front Back The theme chosen for

3905-521: The time Bill Reid was alive, the archipelago was referred to as the Queen Charlotte Islands. In 1981, he married Martine de Widerspach-Thor (Mormanne), a French anthropologist. Having dedicated the later part of his life to the creation of new works and these tasks of curation , Reid died on 13 March 1998, of Parkinson's disease , in Vancouver. In July 1998 friends and relatives paddled Lootaas,

3976-445: The traditional forms and modern media (usually gold , silver and argillite ), Reid began by making jewellery. He gradually explored larger sculptures in bronze , red cedar and Nootka Cypress (yellow cedar), usually portraying figures, animals, and scenes from Haida mythology . He intended to express his ancestors' visual traditions into a contemporary form. Reid's most popular works are three large bronze sculptures. Two depict

4047-573: The use of planchettes, a security feature common since the earliest Canadian banknote series. All banknotes have tactile features to assist people who have visual impairments to identify the notes. Designs on the reverse of each banknote in the series were based on themes of fundamental Canadian values and achievements. The $ 20 banknote was awarded 2004 Banknote of the Year by the International Bank Note Society. The Bank of Canada began

4118-408: The watermark will become visible and the colour-shifting thread is revealed as a set of windows along a continuous line that shift colour when tilted. The maple leaves on the holographic metallic strip appear to move when the note is tilted, and each is split by a colour change. The series also excluded former security features, such as the planchettes, green dots randomly occurring on the surface of

4189-578: The yellow dots; these are revealed when viewing the blue channel of a digital image of the banknote. The Bank of Canada began investigating integration of accessibility features into banknotes with the passage of the Canadian Human Rights Act in 1977. Its research indicated that Braille was not a viable option, as not all visually impaired individuals are able to read it, and denominations of different sizes are not financially viable. It thus chose to develop features that could be identified by

4260-462: Was . . . looking for an identity which he had not found in modern western society." In Skidegate Reid spent time with his maternal grandfather, Charles Gladstone, a traditional Haida silversmith. Gladstone first taught Reid about Haida art, and through him, Bill inherited his tools from his great-great-uncle Charles Edenshaw , a renowned chief and artist who died the year Reid was born. In 1944, Reid married his first wife, Mabel van Boyen. In 1948,

4331-731: Was a Haida artist whose works include jewelry , sculpture , screen-printing , and paintings . Producing over one thousand original works during his fifty-year career, Reid is regarded as one of the most significant Northwest Coast artists of the late twentieth century. He was a matrilineal descendant of K'aadaas Gaa K'iigawaay, who belong to K_ayx_al, the Raven matrilineages of the Haida Nation. This matrilineage traces its origins to T'aanuu Llnagaay. His names are Iljuuwas (Princely One), Kihlguulins (One Who Speaks Well), and Yaahl SG_waansing (Solitary Raven). Some of his major works were featured on

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4402-461: Was also beginning production of counterfeit United States Federal Reserve Notes and traded in fraudulent payment cards and identity documents . During the peak counterfeiting period in 2004, the counterfeit ratio for $ 10 banknotes was 1,292 parts per million, and the ratio for the $ 20 banknotes was 601 parts per million. All banknotes in this series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lacking any modern security features, such as

4473-489: Was considered appealing as it did not require individuals to use assistive technology in order to identify a banknote's denomination. The colour for each banknote denomination was updated to enable individuals to more easily distinguish between them, particularly the brown of the $ 100 banknote and the red of the $ 50 banknote, along with the purple of the $ 10 banknote and the blue of the $ 5 banknote. The design of each denomination also included large, high-contrast numerals and

4544-420: Was created by Peral. The vignette at the centre is the Library of Parliament building. The reverse features a depiction of the chosen theme. Standing in front of a large cenotaph in the background are a female Royal Canadian Navy officer and a male Canadian Army master corporal, and in the foreground are two children with Canadian Armed Forces veteran Robert Metcalfe observing Remembrance Day . In

4615-596: Was designed by architects David Nairne and Associates Ltd. to resemble a series of longhouses to evoke the feeling of a traditional Haida village. The facility comprises five contemporary monumental timber longhouses made of cedar and connected by an atrium. The most visible elements of the facility are six Haida totem poles representing each of the six villages of Skidegate: Chaatl, Cumshewa , Skedans , SGang Gwaii, and Tanu. They were created respectively by Norman Price, Garner Moody, Guujaaw , Jim Hart , Tim Boyko and Giitsxaa. They were raised in 2001. Principal spaces in

4686-459: Was expanded when the Haida Heritage Centre was constructed and is now part of the Centre. The museum uses a chronological layout for the galleries: pre-(European) contact ("In the Beginning"), post-contact ("Contact & Conflict"), to contemporary ("Our Way of Life"). Gallery exhibits showcase pieces of Haida history and contemporary life, and Haida art and culture (including button blankets, argillite carvings, and totem poles), natural history of

4757-402: Was raised without much knowledge of his Haida heritage due to the oppressive measures of the Indian Act . When Reid was in his early twenties, he visited his ancestral home of Skidegate for the first time since he was an infant. He desired to connect with his relatives and his Indigenous identity, later commenting that "in turning to his ancestors, in reclaiming his heritage for himself, he

4828-428: Was responsible for printing the particular banknote. The first two banknotes issued in the series introduced three security features new to Canadian banknotes. These were the hidden number to the left of the portrait, the iridescent maple leaves, and the fluorescent features (embedded fibre and images over left side of the portrait). These features did not deter counterfeiting. In 2003, high-quality counterfeits of

4899-415: Was targeted to be completed in mid-2005; actual completion and a "soft opening" to the public on July 1, 2007. The Grand Opening Ceremonies were held on August 23, 2008 and included the launching, naming, and traditional presenting of three canoes, the first canoes made in Skidegate since Bill Reid's Loo Taas in 1985. Both Loo Tas and Loo-plex joined the canoes coming in to land on the beach. The Centre

4970-408: Was the first issued by the Bank of Canada to incorporate a tactile feature to allow individuals with visual impairments to determine a banknote's denomination. This takes the form of Braille blocks consisting of six dots arranged in two parallel columns, each denomination having a different pattern of blocks, placed on the top right-hand corner when facing the obverse. The feature was developed by

5041-416: Was the first time the Bank of Canada involved the public in the design process for a banknote series, conducting telephone surveys in 1997 to obtain public opinion about design themes and selecting individuals to participate in focus groups to review design selections. Children throughout Canada submitted designs to the Bank of Canada via their elementary schools , and over 4,000 Canadians participated in

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