94-3174: Period of Japanese history (1135-1141 AD) For the location in Pokémon, see Hoenn . Part of a series on the History of Japan [REDACTED] Shōsōin Periods Paleolithic before 14,000 BC Jōmon 14,000–1000 BC Yayoi 1000 BC – 300 AD Kofun 300–538 AD Asuka 538–710 Nara 710–794 Heian Former Nine Years' War Later Three-Year War Genpei War 794–1185 Kamakura Jōkyū War Mongol invasions Genkō War Kenmu Restoration 1185–1333 Muromachi Nanboku-chō period Sengoku period 1336–1573 Azuchi–Momoyama Nanban trade Imjin War Battle of Sekigahara 1573–1603 Edo (Tokugawa) Tokugawa shogunate Invasion of Ryukyu Siege of Osaka Sakoku Perry Expedition Convention of Kanagawa Bakumatsu Meiji Restoration Boshin War 1603–1868 Meiji Ryūkyū Disposition Invasion of Taiwan (1874) Satsuma Rebellion First Sino-Japanese War Treaty of Shimonoseki Triple Intervention Invasion of Taiwan (1895) Colonization of Taiwan Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Japan–Korea Treaty Colonization of Korea 1868–1912 Taishō World War I Intervention in Siberia Great Kantō earthquake 1912–1926 Shōwa Militarism Financial crisis Nanking incident Mukden Incident Invasion of Manchuria May 15 incident February 26 incident Anti-Comintern Pact Tripartite Pact Second Sino-Japanese War World War II Attack on Pearl Harbor Pacific War Atomic bombings Soviet–Japanese War Surrender of Japan Occupation of Japan Postwar Japan Anpo protests Economic miracle Asset price bubble 1926–1989 Heisei Lost Decades Great Hanshin earthquake Cool Japan Tōhoku earthquake Imperial transition 1989–2019 Reiwa COVID-19 pandemic Abe assassination Noto earthquake 2019–present Topics Capital punishment Currency Earthquakes Economy Era names Education Empire Foreign relations Geography Historiography Religion Buddhism Christianity Islam Judaism Shinto Military Naval Politics Post-war Science and technology Sports World Heritage Sites Glossary History Timeline v t e Hōen ( 保延 )
188-606: A Memory Card 59. It was released in Japan on May 30, 2003, and in North America on July 12, 2004, but only through the New York Pokémon Center and its online store, and it is no longer available in either location. The game was released in some parts of Europe as Pokémon Memory Magic due to translation problems and Europeans could only get the game by using points from Nintendo of Europe's loyalty program or by buying
282-463: A US$ $ 7 million promotional campaign that lasted from March to May 2003. In July and August 2002 they were promoted through a tour across Japan at Pokémon Festa 2002. In addition to rewarding pre-orders of the games with merchandise, Nintendo held a contest in which participants submitted videos of themselves singing the Pokémon theme song with their own re-written lyrics; the grand prize for that event
376-557: A Jirachi at a certain point in the game, which they could then transfer over to Ruby or Sapphire . Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire occur in the Hoenn region, some distance from the Kanto and Johto regions featured in previous games. The design of Hoenn was based on the Japanese island and region of Kyushu ; however, Hoenn is rotated 90° relative to Kyushu, as Junichi Masuda felt that it would provide
470-420: A better gameplay balance. Like Kyushu, Hoenn possesses many smaller islands, and part of the region is dominated by sea routes, several of which contain areas where the player can dive underwater. Like other Pokémon games, Ruby and Sapphire ' s gameplay is linear ; the main events occur in a fixed order. The protagonist of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire are Brendan and May, who have recently moved to
564-549: A coup d'état to overthrow the civilian government, and its forcing Japan into war through insubordination and military adventurism, the military was ultimately unable to force a military dictatorship on Japan. Under Prime Minister Konoe Fumimaro , the Japanese government was streamlined to meet war-time conditions, and through the National Mobilization Law , it was given absolute power over the nation's assets. In 1940, all political parties were ordered to dissolve into
658-502: A hole in the world and customize the area with various items picked up in-game. Players who linked up with others who set up secret bases were able to battle an NPC version of that trainer within their secret base. Like Pokémon Gold , Silver , and Crystal , Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire keep track of real-life time; this influences events like tides and berry plant growth. However, unlike their predecessors, Ruby and Sapphire do not differentiate between day and night. Also, due to
752-478: A hostile United States, which further inflamed growing anti-foreign sentiment . The Japanese system of party government finally met its demise with the May 15 Incident in 1932, when a group of junior naval officers and army cadets assassinated Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi . Although the assassins were put on trial and sentenced to fifteen years' imprisonment, they were seen popularly as having acted out of patriotism and
846-479: A memory card and link cable. However, Harris cited the "Showcase" as "entirely unnecessary and completely out of place", and said that overall the game lacked much to do. He wrote, "It's targeted specifically for the truly die-hard Pokemon fan, but it requires so many specific elements to actually be useful to anyone." Allgame gave the game three and a half out of five stars. Japanese militarism Japanese militarism ( 日本軍国主義 , Nihon gunkoku shugi )
940-627: A potential staging ground for war with the Soviet Union. Various army factions contended for power amid increasing suppression of dissent and more assassinations. In the February 26 Incident of 1936, the Army's elite First Infantry Division staged an attempted coup d'état in yet another effort to overthrow civilian rule. The revolt was put down by other military units, and its leaders were executed after secret trials . Despite public dismay over these events and
1034-548: A resurgence of so-called "jingoistic" patriotism, a weakening of democratic forces and a belief that the military could solve all threats both domestic and foreign. Patriotic education also strengthened the sense of a hakko ichiu , or a divine mission to unify Asia under Japanese rule. Those who continued to resist the "military solution" including nationalists with unquestionable patriotism, such as generals Jotaro Watanabe and Tetsuzan Nagata and ex-Foreign Minister Kijūrō Shidehara were driven from office or an active role in
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#17328524594351128-510: A score of 50% on GameRankings from 1 review. Craig Harris of IGN gave the game a " Meh " rating of 5.0 out of 10, praising the interface, which makes the organization of Pokémon much easier as compared to the Game Boy Advance interface, as well as the emulator which allows Ruby and Sapphire to be played on the GameCube. He also stated that the game was a good deal due to the inclusion of
1222-433: A small town called Littleroot Town. At the beginning of the games, the player chooses either Treecko , Torchic , or Mudkip to protect Professor Birch, the regional professor, from attacking Poochyena . After defending Birch, the player is taken to his lab and receives the chosen Pokémon as their starter Pokémon . After that, the player encounters May/Brendan, the child of Professor Birch. The player's rival, who appears as
1316-642: A strong military would Japan earn the respect of western nations, and thus revision of the unequal treaties . During the 19th century, Great Power status was considered dependent on resource-rich colonial empires , both as a source of raw materials for military and industrial production, and international prestige. Due to the lack of resources in Japanese home islands , raw materials such as iron, oil, and coal largely had to be imported. The success of Japan in securing Taiwan (1895) and Korea (1910) had brought Japan primarily agricultural colonies. In terms of resources,
1410-550: A truce was reached. The civilian government in Tokyo was powerless to prevent these military adventures, and instead of being condemned, the Kwangtung Army's actions enjoyed considerable popular support. Inukai's successors, military men chosen by Saionji Kinmochi , the last surviving genrō , recognized Manchukuo and generally approved the army's actions in securing Manchuria as an industrial base, an area for Japanese emigration, and
1504-679: A whole. Despite the apparently monolithic national consensus on the official aggressive policies pursued by the Imperial government in the first part of the Shōwa era , some substantial opposition did exist. This was one of various forms of Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period . The most organized open opposition to militarism was from the Japanese Communist Party . In the early 1930s Communist activists attempted to influence army conscripts, but
1598-458: Is communication; in the Pokémon series, this is manifested in trading and battling with other people. When asked about the new concept of double battles , the developers noted that they tried to focus more on the original one-on-one battles as the main type of competition and only added the double battles as a "new challenge". They stated that if they receive positive feedback about the double battles,
1692-466: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing Japanese-language text Hoenn Pokémon Ruby Version and Pokémon Sapphire Version are 2002 role-playing video games developed by Game Freak and published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance . They are the first installments in the third generation of the Pokémon video game series , also known as
1786-521: Is on-screen. The music, composed by Junichi Masuda, Go Ichinose and Morikazu Aoki, is completely instrumental except for two tracks with vocals, "Trick Master" and "Slateport City". The soundtrack of the game was released under the Mediafactory label in Japan on April 26, 2003; the album reached #297 on the Oricon charts and charted for one week. Junichi Masuda wrote only battle tunes, Go Ichinose wrote most of
1880-505: Is possible to obtain all 386 Pokémon, but this requires trading with Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen or Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness and Pokémon Colosseum . In addition to the main quest of defeating the Gym Leaders, there are side quests in which the player can aid NPCs by fulfilling tasks, usually by obtaining items. The most prominent subplot involves Team Aqua and Team Magma , crime syndicates who want to use Pokémon to alter
1974-401: Is revived. If the player's Pokémon defeats the opposing Pokémon (causes it to faint), it receives experience points . After accumulating enough experience points, it will level up ; most Pokémon evolve into a new species of Pokémon when they reach a certain level. Apart from battling, capturing Pokémon is the most essential element of Pokémon gameplay. During a battle with a wild Pokémon,
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#17328524594352068-549: The Imperial Rule Assistance Association , forming a one-party state based on totalitarian values . Even so, there was much entrenched opposition from the government bureaucrats, and in the 1942 general election for the Japanese Diet , the military was still unable to do away with the last vestiges of party politics. This was partly due to the fact that the military itself was not a monolithic structure, but
2162-603: The Kwantung Army embarked on unauthorized initiatives to protect Japanese interests in Manchuria, including the assassination of a former ally, warlord Zhang Zuolin , in hopes of sparking a general conflict. The Manchurian Incident of September 1931 did not fail, and it set the stage for the Japanese military takeover of all of Manchuria. Kwantung Army conspirators blew up a few meters of South Manchurian Railway Company track near Mukden , blamed it on Chinese saboteurs, and used
2256-585: The League of Nations . However, with the beginning of the Shōwa era , the apparent collapse of the world economic order with the Great Depression starting in 1929, coupled with the imposition of trade barriers by western nations and an increasing radicalism in Japanese politics including issues of domestic terrorist violence (including an assassination attempt on the emperor in 1932 and a number of attempted coups d'état by ultra-nationalist secret societies) led to
2350-553: The Nintendo 3DS . They were released worldwide for the Nintendo 3DS on November 21, 2014, exactly twelve years after the original release date of Ruby and Sapphire , while the European release was the following week. Pokémon Box: Ruby and Sapphire or simply Pokémon Box , is a spin-off Pokémon game for the GameCube , bundled with a GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable and
2444-670: The Pokémon Colosseum Mega Pack . The game is essentially a storage system for the Game Boy Advance Pokémon games that allow players to trade and store Pokémon that they have caught in Ruby , Sapphire , Emerald , FireRed and LeafGreen onto a GameCube memory card. Players can then organize and interact with their Pokémon on the GameCube, such as allowing them to breed. Unique Pokémon can also be acquired. Another feature allows Ruby and Sapphire to be played on
2538-689: The best-selling games for the Game Boy Advance . However, analysts noted that with "young kids...gravitating toward Yu-Gi-Oh! " at the time, Pokémon ' s popularity was waning even before the American release of Ruby and Sapphire . This was reflected in the games' sales compared to those of previous generations: Red and Blue sold nearly 31 million units worldwide, and Gold and Silver sold over 23 million units. Pokémon Omega Ruby and Pokémon Alpha Sapphire are enhanced remakes of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire . The new titles were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for
2632-403: The "advanced generation". After years of Nintendo being the sole publisher of the franchise in all regions, The Pokémon Company co-published the games for the first time since the establishment of the joint-owned company in 1998. They were first released in Japan in late 2002, and internationally in 2003. Pokémon Emerald , a third version, was released two years later in each region. Remakes of
2726-979: The 4th month ): The priests of the Buddhist temples on Mount Hiei banded together to burn down the Mii-dera again. Notes [ edit ] ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). " Hōen " in Japan Encyclopedia , p. 339 , p. 339, at Google Books ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File . ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des emepereurs du japon , pp. 181 -185; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō , pp. 322-324; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki , pp. 204-205. ^ Brown, p. 323. ^ Titsingh, p. 184. ^ Brown, p. 324; Titsingh, p. 185. References [ edit ] Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and
2820-594: The German military model over the French system as the reason for German victory. In response to a Japanese request, Prussian Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke sent Meckel to Japan to become an O-yatoi gaikokujin (foreign advisor). In Japan, Meckel worked closely with future Prime Ministers General Katsura Tarō and General Yamagata Aritomo , and with army strategist General Kawakami Soroku . Meckel made numerous recommendations which were implemented, including reorganization of
2914-549: The Japanese Army Staff College from 1909 through 1945. Although his period in Japan (1885–1888) was relatively short, Meckel had a tremendous impact on the development of the Japanese military. He is credited with having introduced Clausewitz 's military theories and the Prussian concept of war games ( Kriegsspiel ) in a process of refining tactics. By training some sixty of the highest-ranking Japanese officers of
Hōen - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-763: The Japanese armed forces. In 1878, the Imperial Japanese Army established the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff office, modelled after the German General Staff . This office was independent of, and equal (and later superior) to the Ministry of War of Japan in terms of authority. The Imperial Japanese Navy soon followed with the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff . These General Staff offices were responsible for
3102-405: The Japanese military looked towards Manchuria 's iron and coal, Indochina 's rubber , and China's vast resources. However, the army was at variance with the zaibatsu financial and industrial corporations on how to manage economic expansion, a conflict also affecting domestic politics. Also forming part of the basis for the growth of militarism was the freedom from civilian control enjoyed by
3196-715: The Northern Court, which retained Gentoku until 1332. Not recognized by the Southern Court. Genchū discontinued upon reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392 and Meitoku retained until 1394. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hōen&oldid=1218663120 " Categories : 1130s in Japan 1140s in Japan Japanese eras Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
3290-8614: The Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0 ; OCLC 251325323 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press . ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5 ; OCLC 58053128 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran ; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691 Varley, H. Paul . (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press . ISBN 9780231049405 ; OCLC 6042764 External links [ edit ] National Diet Library , "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection Preceded by Chōshō Era or nengō Hōen 1135–1138 Succeeded by Eiji v t e Japanese era names ( nengō ) by period 538–1264 Asuka Heian Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Kamakura (cont'd) 645–650 Taika 650–654 Hakuchi 686–686 Shuchō 701–704 Taihō 704–708 Keiun 708–715 Wadō Nara 715–717 Reiki 717–724 Yōrō 724–729 Jinki 729–749 Tenpyō 749 Tenpyō-kanpō 749–757 Tenpyō-shōhō 757–765 Tenpyō-hōji 765–767 Tenpyō-jingo 767–770 Jingo-keiun 770–781 Hōki 781–782 Ten'ō 782–806 Enryaku 806–810 Daidō 810–824 Kōnin 824–834 Tenchō 834–848 Jōwa 848–851 Kashō 851–854 Ninju 854–857 Saikō 857–859 Ten'an 859–877 Jōgan 877–885 Gangyō 885–889 Ninna 889–898 Kanpyō 898–901 Shōtai 901–923 Engi 923–931 Enchō 931–938 Jōhei 938–947 Tengyō 947–957 Tenryaku 957–961 Tentoku 961–964 Ōwa 964–968 Kōhō 968–970 Anna 970–973 Tenroku 973–976 Ten'en 976–978 Jōgen 978–983 Tengen 983–985 Eikan 985–987 Kanna 987–988 Eien 988–990 Eiso 990–995 Shōryaku 995–999 Chōtoku 999–1004 Chōhō 1004–1012 Kankō 1012–1017 Chōwa 1017–1021 Kannin 1021–1024 Jian 1024–1028 Manju 1028–1037 Chōgen 1037–1040 Chōryaku 1040–1044 Chōkyū 1044–1046 Kantoku 1046–1053 Eishō 1053–1058 Tengi 1058–1065 Kōhei 1065–1069 Jiryaku 1069–1074 Enkyū 1074–1077 Jōhō 1077–1081 Jōryaku 1081–1084 Eihō 1084–1087 Ōtoku 1087–1094 Kanji 1094–1096 Kahō 1096–1097 Eichō 1097–1099 Jōtoku 1099–1104 Kōwa 1104–1106 Chōji 1106–1108 Kajō 1108–1110 Tennin 1110–1113 Ten'ei 1113–1118 Eikyū 1118–1120 Gen'ei 1120–1124 Hōan 1124–1126 Tenji 1126–1131 Daiji 1131–1132 Tenshō 1132–1135 Chōshō 1135–1141 Hōen 1141–1142 Eiji 1142–1144 Kōji 1144–1145 Ten'yō 1145–1151 Kyūan 1151–1154 Ninpei 1154–1156 Kyūju 1156–1159 Hōgen 1159–1160 Heiji 1160–1161 Eiryaku 1161–1163 Ōhō 1163–1165 Chōkan 1165–1166 Eiman 1166–1169 Nin'an 1169–1171 Kaō 1171–1175 Jōan 1175–1177 Angen 1177–1181 Jishō 1181–1182 Yōwa 1182–1184 Juei 1184–1185 Genryaku Kamakura 1185–1190 Bunji 1190–1199 Kenkyū 1199–1201 Shōji 1201–1204 Kennin 1204–1206 Genkyū 1206–1207 Ken'ei 1207–1211 Jōgen 1211–1213 Kenryaku 1213–1219 Kempo 1219–1222 Jōkyū 1222–1224 Jōō 1224–1225 Gennin 1225–1227 Karoku 1227–1229 Antei 1229–1232 Kangi 1232–1233 Jōei 1233–1234 Tenpuku 1234–1235 Bunryaku 1235–1238 Katei 1238–1239 Ryakunin 1239–1240 En'ō 1240–1243 Ninji 1243–1247 Kangen 1247–1249 Hōji 1249–1256 Kenchō 1256–1257 Kōgen 1257–1259 Shōka 1259–1260 Shōgen 1260–1261 Bun'ō 1261–1264 Kōchō 1264– present Kamakura (cont'd) Nanboku-chō Nanboku-chō Muromachi (cont'd) Momoyama Edo (cont'd) Modern Japan 1264–1275 Bun'ei 1275–1278 Kenji 1278–1288 Kōan 1288–1293 Shōō 1293–1299 Einin 1299–1302 Shōan 1302–1303 Kengen 1303–1306 Kagen 1306–1308 Tokuji 1308–1311 Enkyō 1311–1312 Ōchō 1312–1317 Shōwa 1317–1319 Bunpō 1319–1321 Gen'ō 1321–1324 Genkō 1324–1326 Shōchū 1326–1329 Karyaku 1329–1331 Gentoku 1331–1334 Genkō 1332–1333 Shōkyō Northern Court 1334–1338 Kenmu 1338–1342 Ryakuō 1342–1345 Kōei 1345–1350 Jōwa 1350–1352 Kannō 1352–1356 Bunna 1356–1361 Enbun 1361–1362 Kōan 1362–1368 Jōji 1368–1375 Ōan 1375–1379 Eiwa 1379–1381 Kōryaku 1381–1384 Eitoku 1384–1387 Shitoku 1387–1389 Kakei 1389–1390 Kōō 1390–1394 Meitoku Southern Court 1334–1336 Kenmu 1336–1340 Engen 1340–1346 Kōkoku 1346–1370 Shōhei 1370–1372 Kentoku 1372–1375 Bunchū 1375–1381 Tenju 1381–1384 Kōwa 1384–1392 Genchū Muromachi 1394–1428 Ōei 1428–1429 Shōchō 1429–1441 Eikyō 1441–1444 Kakitsu 1444–1449 Bun'an 1449–1452 Hōtoku 1452–1455 Kyōtoku 1455–1457 Kōshō 1457–1460 Chōroku 1460–1466 Kanshō 1466–1467 Bunshō 1467–1469 Ōnin 1469–1487 Bunmei 1487–1489 Chōkyō 1489–1492 Entoku 1492–1501 Meiō 1501–1521 Bunki 1504–1521 Eishō 1521–1528 Daiei 1528–1532 Kyōroku 1532–1555 Tenbun 1555–1558 Kōji 1558–1570 Eiroku 1570–1573 Genki 1573–1592 Tenshō 1592–1596 Bunroku 1596–1615 Keichō Edo 1615–1624 Genna 1624–1644 Kan'ei 1644–1648 Shōhō 1648–1652 Keian 1652–1655 Jōō 1655–1658 Meireki 1658–1661 Manji 1661–1673 Kanbun 1673–1681 Enpō 1681–1684 Tenna 1684–1688 Jōkyō 1688–1704 Genroku 1704–1711 Hōei 1711–1716 Shōtoku 1716–1736 Kyōhō 1736–1741 Genbun 1741–1744 Kanpō 1744–1748 Enkyō 1748–1751 Kan'en 1751–1764 Hōreki 1764–1772 Meiwa 1772–1781 An'ei 1781–1789 Tenmei 1789–1801 Kansei 1801–1804 Kyōwa 1804–1818 Bunka 1818–1830 Bunsei 1830–1844 Tenpō 1844–1848 Kōka 1848–1854 Kaei 1854–1860 Ansei 1860–1861 Man'en 1861–1864 Bunkyū 1864–1865 Genji 1865–1868 Keiō 1868–1912 Meiji 1912–1926 Taishō 1926–1989 Shōwa 1989–2019 Heisei 2019–present Reiwa Not recognized by
3384-466: The United States to meet the high demand. Upon release, 500,000 copies were sold in its first weekend and sold 1.5 million within eight weeks. They were the second-best-selling games of the holiday season in 2002. The games were brought up at E3 2003 by Satoru Iwata as a symbol of how successful the Game Boy Advance was at the time. With 16.22 million units sold worldwide as of 2023, they are
3478-566: The United States. Japan had plans to take over other Asian countries, which resulted in the US stripping any war materials and resources to be sold to the Japanese and freezing all Japanese assets and bank accounts in the US. The US fleet moved from being stationed in California to be moved in Pearl Harbor to somewhat control Japan's aggression and imposed on an embargo of essential materials, because Japan
3572-637: The atmosphere was set where the military was able to act with little restraint. Japan had been involved in the Asian continent continuously from the First Sino-Japanese War, Boxer Rebellion , Russo-Japanese War, World War I and the Siberian Intervention . During the term of Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi from 1927 to 1929, Japan sent troops three times to China to obstruct Chiang Kai-shek 's unification campaign. In June 1928, adventurist officers of
3666-444: The battle mechanics is the introduction of double battles, in which the opposing parties each use two Pokémon at the same time. Consequently, certain Pokémon moves can affect multiple combatants at once. Multi battles were added alongside double battles. They are identical to double battles, but there are two trainers to a side, each controlling one of the two Pokémon sent out. Also new to the games are innate abilities and natures ;
3760-470: The climate of Hoenn: in Ruby , the villains, Team Magma, want to use the legendary Pokémon Groudon to dry up the oceans of Hoenn and increase the region's landmass; in Sapphire , Team Aqua are the villains and they try to use Groudon's counterpart, Kyogre , to flood the landmasses of Hoenn and increase the region's ocean. Prior to facing the eighth Gym Leader, the player has a showdown with Magma or Aqua where
3854-403: The command structure of the army into divisions and regiments, thus increasing mobility, strengthening the army logistics and transportation structure with the major army bases connected by railways, establishing artillery and engineering regiments as independent commands, and revising the universal conscription system to abolish virtually all exceptions. A bust of Meckel was sited in front of
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3948-607: The controls are largely the same as those of previous games. As with previous games, the main objectives are to catch all of the Pokémon in the games and defeat the Elite Four and the Pokémon League Champion; also like their predecessors, the games' main subplot involves the player character defeating a criminal organization that attempts to take over the region. New features, such as double battles, Pokémon abilities , Pokémon Contests, and 135 new Pokémon were added. Owing to
4042-451: The creatures. "First we select an insect and after that we add essential elements to the insects to make it more like Pokemon, such as adding some hard shape to it, to be more like steel," Sugimori said, describing the process of creating a Pokémon. As the Game Boy Advance was able to handle enhanced graphics, Ruby and Sapphire were the first games in the series that allowed up to four people to share information at one time, as opposed to
4136-407: The differences in the technical specifications of Game Boy link cables and Game Boy Advance link cables, Ruby and Sapphire cannot be linked with Pokémon games of previous generations; one cannot battle with or trade with the previous generations. Ruby and Sapphire have limited e-Reader support. Nintendo released Battle-e Cards, a set of e-Reader cards that contained trainer battles in which
4230-557: The discredit they brought to numerous military figures, Japan's civilian leadership capitulated to the army's demands in the hope of ending domestic violence. Increases were seen in defense budgets, naval construction (Japan announced it would no longer accede to disarmament treaties), and patriotic indoctrination as Japan moved toward a wartime footing. In November 1936, the Anti-Comintern Pact , an agreement to exchange information and collaborate in preventing communist activities,
4324-553: The event as an excuse to invade and seize the vast territory. In Tokyo one month later, in the Imperial Colors Incident , military figures failed in an attempt to establish a military dictatorship , but again the news was suppressed and the military perpetrators were not punished. In January 1932, Japanese forces attacked Shanghai in the First Shanghai Incident , waging a three-month undeclared war there before
4418-570: The feature may appear more in future generations. The games were the first in the series that did not contain all of the Pokémon from previous generations. Sugimori stated that the team tried to include all the new Pokémon as well as some from previous generations. When asked about any features that could not be included due to technical restrictions, Masuda noted that he wanted each individual Pokémon to make up to three different cries depending on its mood. The audio of Ruby and Sapphire consists entirely of game music and sound effects; all dialogue
4512-583: The first games to sell 2 million copies in Japan since 2001's Final Fantasy X and the first games for a handheld console to do so since 2000's Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 4 . In North America, Nintendo sold 2.2 million units by April 2003, less than one month after the games' release in that region. In the United States, Ruby and Sapphire were the second- and third-best-selling games of 2003, respectively. The games enjoyed success in Europe as well. Even before release, European retailers imported cartridges from
4606-411: The former is shared by every Pokémon of a certain species, while the latter may vary among a particular species. Abilities grant their holders certain powers in battle, such as immunity against certain types of moves or strengthening a certain type of move. Natures, like innate abilities, affect the strength of Pokémon in battle; however, they affect the stats of the Pokémon rather than directly affecting
4700-521: The former two, once players reach a certain point in the game, they are able to transfer Pokémon between Colosseum / XD and Ruby / Sapphire . Additionally, those who pre-ordered Colosseum were able to access the Pokémon Jirachi and see a preview of the movie Pokémon: Jirachi Wish Maker . Pokémon Box allows players to store and organize their Pokémon on the GameCube. Also, in the European version of Pokémon Channel , players could receive
4794-462: The game should be". Likewise, ComputerAndVideoGames.com called the gameplay "incredibly compelling and addictive". GameZone noted that the gameplay was more refined and challenging than that of previous titles. However, GameSpot called the games "a cakewalk from start to finish" and claimed that Ruby and Sapphire "don't offer much of a challenge". Eurogamer also felt that the mechanics "[get] very tired, very fast". 1UP.com also felt that
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#17328524594354888-456: The games 7 out of 10, and 1UP.com gave them a B−. Reviewers were divided in their critiques of the games, especially concerning the gameplay and graphics. IGN praised the "deep design" and noted that the addition of features such as double battles greatly increased the strategic aspect of the games. GamePro also thought that the addition of double battles "add[ed] challenge" and "made the harder battles far more strategic than before—the way
4982-411: The games a 9.5 out of 10 rating and awarded them an Outstanding Award. GamePro gave the games 5 out of 5 stars and named them Editor's Choices. ComputerAndVideoGames.com gave the games a 9 out of 10, and GameSpot gave the games 8.1 out of 10, naming it the best Game Boy Advance game of March 2003. Eurogamer and 1UP.com were less enthusiastic about the games, however; Eurogamer gave
5076-485: The games were formulaic and that double battles were underused. ComputerAndVideoGames.com was enthusiastic over the graphics, calling them "gorgeous". Other reviewers were less enthusiastic, however. GamePro felt that the graphics were only "a fair bit prettier" than those of the Game Boy Color games; GameZone said that the games "still [use] the simple animations and basic character designs that were created for
5170-510: The games, especially on the gameplay and graphics. Most of the complaints focused on gameplay not changing much in relation to previous generations. With over 16.22 million copies sold, they were a commercial success and became the best-selling game for the Game Boy Advance ; The games sold less than previous generations with Red and Blue having sold nearly 31 million units worldwide, and Gold and Silver selling over 23.10 million units. The basic mechanics of Ruby and Sapphire are largely
5264-489: The government. A turning point came with the ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930. Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi and his Minseito party agreed to a treaty which would severely limit Japanese naval power. This treaty was strongly opposed by the military, who claimed that it would endanger national defense, and was portrayed by the opposition Rikken Seiyukai party as having been forced upon Japan by
5358-413: The increased capabilities of the Game Boy Advance, four players may be connected to each other at a time instead of the previous limit of two. Additionally, the games can be connected to an e-Reader or other third-generation Pokémon games. Ruby and Sapphire received mostly positive reviews. Praise was given to the new features and Pokémon designs, though critics were divided in their assessment of
5452-505: The late Meiji period was coupled with the rise of secret and semi-secret patriotic societies, such as the Gen'yōsha (1881) and Kokuryukai (1901), which coupled political activities with paramilitary activities and military intelligence , and supported expansionism overseas as a solution to Japan's domestic issues. Japan felt looked down on by Western countries during the late 19th century. The phrase fukoku kyōhei (rich nation, strong army)
5546-612: The military to indoctrinate thousands of men from various social backgrounds with military-patriotic values and the concept of unquestioning loyalty to the Emperor as the basis of the Japanese state ( kokutai ) . Yamagata, like many Japanese, was strongly influenced by the recent striking success of Prussia in transforming itself from an agricultural state to a leading modern industrial and military power. He accepted Prussian political ideas, which favored military expansion abroad and authoritarian government at home. The Prussian model also devalued
5640-467: The music when I wasn't playing". Other complaints included the removal of the time system of Gold and Silver and the inability to import Pokémon from the games of previous generations. Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire were highly anticipated. In Japan, they sold 1.25 million units within the first four days of release and were the best-selling games of the 2002 holiday season; sales totaled around 4.4 million within six weeks of release. They also became
5734-418: The names of Pokémon and emphasized the fact that the games introduced 100 new Pokémon. Additionally, Nintendo collaborated with United Kingdom beverage brand Vimto to promote the games. Pokémon Emerald Version is a third version after Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire , developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. It was first released in Japan in 2004, and
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#17328524594355828-696: The new one commenced in Chōshō 4, on the 27th day of the 4th month of 1135. Events of the Hōen Era [ edit ] 1136 ( Hōen 2, 3rd month ): The former- Emperor Toba hosted a grand dinner party. 1136 ( Hōen 2, 5th month ): The sadaijin Fujiwara Ieyetada died at age 75. 1136 ( Hōen 2, 12th month ): The udaijin Minamoto no Arihito was named sadaijin ; and the naidaijin Fujiwara Munetada
5922-648: The notion of civilian control over the independent military, which meant that in Japan, as in Germany, the military could develop into a state within a state, thus exercising greater influence on politics in general. Following the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War , the Army Staff College and the Japanese General Staff paid close attention to Major Jakob Meckel 's views on the superiority of
6016-461: The original, color-less Game Boy". IGN and 1UP.com noted that the graphics had received only a minor upgrade, and Eurogamer felt that the graphics had been upgraded to a "functional level at best". The audio was generally well-received: GameZone and GameSpot both felt the audio was catchy; GameZone gave the audio an 8 out of 10 score, saying that while the music "was annoying at times, [...] it's also very good. [...] I found myself humming
6110-407: The party was suppressed during the mid-1930s within Japan. Personal opposition included individuals from the fields of party politics, business and culture. Some notable examples include: The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor happened on December 7, 1941. Multiple events led to the attack , such as the Japanese peoples' opposition to Westernism and the breaking off of negotiations between Japan and
6204-622: The planning and execution of military operations, and reported directly to the emperor. As the Chiefs of the General Staff were not cabinet ministers, they did not report to the Prime Minister of Japan , and were thus completely independent of any civilian oversight or control. The Army and the Navy also had decisive say on the formation (and survival) of any civilian government. Since the law required that
6298-432: The player encounters a wild Pokémon or is challenged by a trainer to a battle, the screen switches to a turn-based battle screen where the Pokémon fight. During a battle, the player may use a move , use an item, switch their active Pokémon, or flee, although fleeing is not an option in battles against trainers. All Pokémon have hit points (HP); when a Pokémon's HP is reduced to zero, it faints and cannot battle until it
6392-658: The player could see previously hidden Pokémon. A special e-Reader card called the Eon Ticket was also released; obtained through the Mystery Gift function, the Ticket allows the player to reach a place called Southern Island. There, the player faces either Latios or Latias , depending on which version of the game is used. Ruby and Sapphire are also able to connect to the GameCube games Pokémon Colosseum , Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness and Pokémon Box: Ruby and Sapphire . In
6486-468: The player helps capture a Pokémon to be his companion as he moves away from the big city. Wally eventually overcomes his illness and becomes a successful Pokémon Trainer, ultimately becoming the final challenger the player must face before the Elite Four. Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire were developed by Game Freak and Nintendo under the direction of Junichi Masuda . As with its predecessors, Ken Sugimori
6580-599: The player may use a Poké Ball on them. If successful, the Pokémon will be added to the player's active party, or stored if the player already has the maximum six Pokémon in their party. Factors in the success rate of capture include the HP, status effects such as Paralysis or Sleep, and the strength of the Poké Ball used: the lower the target's HP and the stronger the Poké Ball, the higher the success rate of capture is. Other trainers' Pokémon cannot be captured. The most prominent change in
6674-441: The posts of Army Minister and Navy Minister be filled by active-duty officers nominated by their respective services, and since the law also required that a prime minister resign if he could not fill all of his cabinet posts, both the Army and the Navy had final say on the formation of a cabinet, and could bring down the cabinet at any time by withdrawing their minister and refusing to nominate a successor. In reality, while this tactic
6768-549: The postwar Constitution of Japan as one of its key tenets. The military had a strong influence on Japanese society from the Meiji Restoration . Almost all leaders in Japanese society during the Meiji period (whether in the military, politics or business) were ex - samurai or descendants of samurai , and shared a set of values and outlooks. The early Meiji government viewed Japan as threatened by western imperialism , and one of
6862-413: The previous limit of two. However, the development team used a more basic graphics engine to keep the game simple and not overly confusing. The team wanted the games to appeal to a large audience, so the game was designed to be easy enough for younger generations of children to play, but new features were added to bring the veteran gamers back. Masuda stated that the basic philosophy of all Pokémon games
6956-654: The prime motivations for the Fukoku Kyohei policy ("Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Armed Forces") was to strengthen Japan's economic and industrial foundations, so that a strong military could be built to defend Japan against outside powers. The rise of universal military conscription , introduced by Yamagata Aritomo in 1873, along with the proclamation of the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors in 1882 enabled
7050-470: The professor's child, is also a Pokémon Trainer and occasionally battles the player. The games' two main goals are defeating the eight Gym Leaders, proving oneself worthy of challenging the Elite Four and Hoenn Pokémon League Champion to become the new Hoenn Pokémon League Champion and completing the Pokédex by capturing, evolving, and trading to obtain all 202 Pokémon available between Ruby and Sapphire . It
7144-489: The same as their predecessors. As with all Pokémon games for handheld consoles , the gameplay is in third-person , overhead perspective and consists of three basic screens: a field map , in which the player navigates the main character; a battle screen; and the menu, in which the player configures their party, items, or gameplay settings. Players begin the game with one Pokémon and can capture more using Poké Balls . They can also use their Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When
7238-514: The strength of the moves. Another stat introduced in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire is Condition, an important factor in Pokémon Contests , mini-games in which participants perform moves before a judge. Both Pokémon and their moves have a Condition, which is increased by using Pokéblocks, which are candies made from berries. Secret bases were added as a one-off feature where players could open up
7332-412: The team's leader uses a mystical orb that awakens the slumbering Pokémon, believing it has the power to enthrall their respective target, only for the Pokémon to become enraged and cause catastrophic, region-wide climate changes—a drought in Ruby , and heavy rainfall in Sapphire —until it is defeated or captured by the protagonist. The player's father also introduces them to Wally, a sickly young boy whom
7426-420: The television via the GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable. Options such as taking screenshots of the game are available in this mode. Another addition is the "Showcase", where players can create and display game pieces of Pokémon. Nintendo referred to the game as "the most exclusive Pokémon software ever offered to North American Pokémon fans," but it was generally considered to be unnecessary, receiving
7520-650: The time in tactics, strategy and organization, he was able to replace the previous influences of the French advisors with his own philosophies. Meckel especially reinforced Hermann Roesler 's ideal of subservience to the Emperor , as expressly codified in Articles XI-XIII of the Meiji Constitution , by teaching his pupils that Prussian military success was a consequence of the officer class's unswerving loyalty to their sovereign Emperor. The rise of political parties in
7614-546: The town, route, fanfare & 'Spotted' tunes, whereas Morikazu Aoki did the remainder. The soundtrack is noted for its heavy use of trumpets , but it also makes heavy use of French horns, strings ensembles, and even pianos. Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire were released in Japan on November 21, 2002, in North America on March 19, 2003, in Australia on April 3, 2003, and in Europe on July 25, 2003. Nintendo did not promote Ruby and Sapphire at E3 2002 ; however, it launched
7708-464: The two games, titled Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire , were released for the Nintendo 3DS worldwide in November 2014, exactly twelve years to the date of the original Ruby and Sapphire release date, with the exception of Europe, where it released a week later. The gameplay is mostly unchanged from the previous games; the player controls the main character from an overhead perspective , and
7802-420: Was a Japanese era name ( 年号 , nengō , lit. "year name") after Chōshō and before Eiji . This period spanned the years from September 1135 through July 1141. The reigning emperor was Sutoku -tennō ( 崇徳天皇 ) . Change of Era [ edit ] February 15, 1035 Hōen gannen ( 保延元年 ) : The new era name Hōen was created to mark an event or a series of events. The previous era ended and
7896-500: Was a Lugia PT Cruiser . Later that year, Nintendo launched the EON Ticket Summer Tour, in which 125 Toys "R" Us stores across the United States offered the Eon Ticket e-Card in stores from July 19 to September 1. Nintendo aired two television advertisements , "Faces" and "Names", on prime-time network, cable, and syndication. "Faces" featured Pokémon juxtaposed with human look-alikes; "Names" featured people shouting out
7990-535: Was created during this time and shows how Japanese officials saw imperialism as the way to gain respect and power. With a more aggressive foreign policy, and victory over China in the First Sino-Japanese War and over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War , Japan joined the imperialist powers. The need for a strong military to secure Japan's new overseas empire was strengthened by a sense that only through
8084-408: Was even reflected in the clothing trends of the 1930s. Male kimono designs adopted explicitly militaristic imagery, including soldiers, bombers and tanks. These designs were not on public display but on linings and undergarments. They symbolised – or in the case of boy's clothes, were hoped to bring about – the alignment of the individual's goals with those of Japan as
8178-482: Was later released internationally in 2005. Emerald received generally positive reception and by fiscal year 2007 sales had reached 6.32 million units. The games met with mostly positive reviews. IGN gave them an "Amazing" 9.5 out of 10 rating and awarded them the Editor's Choice Award; in 2007, the games were collectively named the tenth best Game Boy Advance game of all time in an IGN article. GameZone also gave
8272-508: Was named udaijin . 1136 ( Hōen 2, 12th month ): Fujiwara Yorinaga was appointed Minister of the Center ( naidaijin ) at the age of 17. 1138 ( Hōen 4, 2nd month ): The udaijin Munetada shaved his head at age 77; and he became a Buddhist priest. 1138 ( Hōen 4, 9th month ): The former- Emperor Toba went to Mount Hiei , where he stayed for seven days. May 2, 1140 ( Hōen 6, 14th day of
8366-510: Was rent internally with its own political factions . Even Japan's wartime Prime Minister, Hideki Tōjō , had difficulty controlling portions of his own military. Japan's overseas possessions, greatly extended as a result of early successes in the Pacific War were organized into a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere , which was to have integrated Asia politically and economically—under Japanese leadership—against Western domination. Militarism
8460-723: Was signed by Japan and Germany ( Italy joined a year later). War was launched against China with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7, 1937 in which a clash near Beijing between Chinese and Japanese troops quickly escalated into the full-scale warfare of the Second Sino-Japanese War , followed by the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars and the Pacific War . Despite the military's long tradition of independence from civilian control, its efforts at staging
8554-541: Was the ideology in the Empire of Japan which advocated the belief that militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation, and the belief that the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation. It was most prominent from the start of conscription after the Meiji Restoration until the Japanese defeat in World War II , roughly 1873 to 1945. Since then, pacifism has been enshrined in
8648-445: Was the art director, although these were the first games in which he did not single-handedly produce all of the art. When asked where his design team came up with the ideas for all of the new Pokémon, Sugimori stated that they got their ideas from past experiences in their childhood involving nature, animals, and the media and then base them on insects. Even looking at the world in a different perspective sometimes provided inspiration for
8742-678: Was trying to take over and control more territories. Despite efforts to totally militarize Japanese society during the war, including such measures as the National Service Draft Ordinance and the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement , Japanese militarism was discredited by the failure of Japan's military in World War II and by the American occupation . After the surrender of Japan , many of its former military leaders were tried for war crimes before
8836-553: Was used only one time (ironically to prevent a General, Kazushige Ugaki , from becoming Prime Minister in 1937), the threat always loomed large when the military made any demands on the civilian leadership. During the Taishō period , Japan saw a short period of democratic rule (the so-called "Taisho democracy"), and several diplomatic attempts were made to encourage peace, such as the Washington Naval Treaty and participation in
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