Misplaced Pages

Air Defence Regiment (Sweden)

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is an accepted version of this page

#880119

108-630: The Air Defence Regiment ( Swedish : Luftvärnsregementet , Lv 6), is the only anti-aircraft regiment in the Swedish Armed Forces . Its new organisation was introduced in 2000, when all other anti-aircraft units in Sweden were disbanded. The regiment is located in Halmstad and has the responsibility for training two air defence battalions and one home guard battalion. Through the Defence Act of 1936 ,

216-458: A Swedish county except in Norrbotten where there were three defence districts. The 1942 organization, which came into force in 1943: Since a number of reorganizations took place after 1945, the situation is reported here when the new organization with the defence district regiments ( försvarsområdesregementen ) has been implemented. The brackets indicate to which regiment the defence district

324-445: A common gender with the definite suffix -en and the definite article den , in contrast with the neuter gender equivalents -et and det . The verb system was also more complex: it included subjunctive and imperative moods and verbs were conjugated according to person as well as number . By the 16th century, the case and gender systems of the colloquial spoken language and the profane literature had been largely reduced to

432-470: A guttural or "French R" pronunciation in the South Swedish dialects ; consequently, these dialects lack retroflex consonants . Swedish is a stress-timed language, where the time intervals between stressed syllables are equal. However, when casually spoken, it tends to be syllable-timed . Any stressed syllable carries one of two tones , which gives Swedish much of its characteristic sound. Prosody

540-522: A change from tauþr into tuþr . Moreover, the øy diphthong changed into a long, close ø , as in the Old Norse word for "island". By the end of the period, these innovations had affected most of the Runic Swedish-speaking area as well, with the exception of the dialects spoken north and east of Mälardalen where the diphthongs still exist in remote areas. Old Swedish (Swedish: fornsvenska )

648-518: A conversation. Due to the close relation between the Scandinavian languages, a considerable proportion of speakers of Danish and especially Norwegian are able to understand Swedish. There is considerable migration between the Nordic countries , but owing to the similarity between the cultures and languages (with the exception of Finnish ), expatriates generally assimilate quickly and do not stand out as

756-727: A group. According to the 2000 United States Census , some 67,000 people over the age of five were reported as Swedish speakers, though without any information on the degree of language proficiency. Similarly, there were 16,915 reported Swedish speakers in Canada from the 2001 census. Although there are no certain numbers, some 40,000 Swedes are estimated to live in the London area in the United Kingdom. Outside Sweden and Finland, there are about 40,000 active learners enrolled in Swedish language courses. In

864-609: A large proportion of the remaining 100,000 in the Scandinavian countries, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Over three million people speak Swedish as a second language, with about 2,410,000 of those in Finland. According to a survey by the European Commission , 44% of respondents from Finland who did not have Swedish as a native language considered themselves to be proficient enough in Swedish to hold

972-425: A more abstract sense, such as that set of fish; while fisken means "the fish". In certain cases, the definite form indicates possession, e. g., jag måste tvätta hår et ("I must wash my hair"). Adjectives are inflected in two declensions – indefinite and definite – and they must match the noun they modify in gender and number. The indefinite neuter and plural forms of an adjective are usually created by adding

1080-435: A noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as här ("here") or där ("there") to form den/det här (can also be "denna/detta") ("this"), de här (can also be "dessa") ("these"), den/det där ("that"), and de där ("those"). For example, den där fisken means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish; den fisken is less definite and means "that fish" in

1188-616: A regiment either. This was because the government considered that the basic organization should reflect the war organization. The Defence Act also led to concentrating the brigades' training to a number of infantry and armored regiments, and in order to achieve further rationality in the training of the military units in western Sweden. It was decided to relocate the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment to Halmstad , to be co-located with Halland Regiment (I 16/Fo 31). The other units in Kviberg,

SECTION 10

#1733121605881

1296-618: A special branch of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland has official status as the regulatory body for Swedish in Finland. Among its highest priorities is to maintain intelligibility with the language spoken in Sweden. It has published Finlandssvensk ordbok , a dictionary about the differences between Swedish in Finland and Sweden. From the 13th to 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia , particularly on

1404-442: A suffix ( -t or -a ) to the common form of the adjective, e. g., en grön stol (a green chair), ett grönt hus (a green house), and gröna stolar ("green chairs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite plural form, e. g., den gröna stolen ("the green chair"), det gröna huset ("the green house"), and de gröna stolarna ("the green chairs"). Swedish pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides

1512-535: A traditional standard. The regimental standard was drawn by Kristina Holmgård-Åkerberg and embroidered by hand in insertion technique by Maj-Britt Salander/company Blå Kusten. The standard was presented to the regiment in Halmstad by His Majesty the King Carl XVI Gustaf on 15 September 2001. Blazon : "On blue cloth in the centre the lesser coat of arms of Sweden , three open yellow crowns placed two and one. In

1620-413: A village, Gammalsvenskby ("Old Swedish Village"). A few elderly people in the village still speak a Swedish dialect and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although their dialect is most likely facing extinction. From 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as

1728-417: A white ram passant, arms and crosstaff yellow and a red banner with edging and five flaps in yellow (a legacy from the former Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps , Lv 2) and in the fourth corner the town badge of Sundsvall ; an open helmet over two musketforks in saltire, all white (a legacy from the former Sundsvall Air Defence Regiment, Lv 5). On the reverse side in the centre three open crowns placed two and one, in

1836-654: Is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family , spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland . It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language , and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other Nordic languages , is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during

1944-862: Is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages . In the established classification, it belongs to the East Scandinavian languages , together with Danish , separating it from the West Scandinavian languages , consisting of Faroese , Icelandic , and Norwegian . However, more recent analyses divide the North Germanic languages into two groups: Insular Scandinavian (Faroese and Icelandic), and Continental Scandinavian (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), based on mutual intelligibility due to heavy influence of East Scandinavian (particularly Danish) on Norwegian during

2052-477: Is generally seen as adding specific Central Swedish features to the new Bible. Though it might seem as if the Bible translation set a very powerful precedent for orthographic standards, spelling actually became more inconsistent during the remainder of the century. It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed, around the time when the first grammars were written. Capitalization during this time

2160-538: Is marked primarily through suffixes (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles . The prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative , a highly variable consonant phoneme . Swedish nouns and adjectives are declined in genders as well as number . Nouns are of common gender ( en form) or neuter gender ( ett form). The gender determines

2268-563: Is often one of the most noticeable differences between dialects. The standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages , V2 , which means that the finite verb (V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative main clause . Swedish morphology is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few inflections . Swedish has two genders and is generally seen to have two grammatical cases – nominative and genitive (except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in

SECTION 20

#1733121605881

2376-613: Is one of the official languages of the European Union , and one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Swedish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for interpretation or translation costs. The Swedish Language Council ( Språkrådet )

2484-475: Is termed nusvenska (lit., "Now-Swedish") in linguistics, and started in the last decades of the 19th century. It saw a democratization of the language with a less formal written form that approached the spoken one. The growth of a public school system also led to the evolution of so-called boksvenska (literally, "book Swedish"), especially among the working classes, where spelling to some extent influenced pronunciation, particularly in official contexts. With

2592-517: Is the predominant language; in 19 municipalities , 16 of which are located in Åland , Swedish is the sole official language. Åland county is an autonomous region of Finland. According to a rough estimation, as of 2010 there were up to 300,000 Swedish-speakers living outside Sweden and Finland. The largest populations were in the United States (up to 100,000), the UK, Spain and Germany (c. 30,000 each) and

2700-450: Is the regulator of Swedish in Sweden but does not attempt to enforce control of the language, as for instance the Académie française does for French . However, many organizations and agencies require the use of the council's publication Svenska skrivregler in official contexts, with it otherwise being regarded as a de facto orthographic standard. Among the many organizations that make up

2808-407: Is the sole official language of Åland (an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland), where the vast majority of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language. In Finland as a whole, Swedish is one of the two "national" languages, with the same official status as Finnish (spoken by the majority) at the state level and an official language in some municipalities . Swedish

2916-621: Is the term used for the medieval Swedish language. The start date is usually set to 1225 since this is the year that Västgötalagen ("the Västgöta Law") is believed to have been compiled for the first time. It is among the most important documents of the period written in Latin script and the oldest Swedish law codes . Old Swedish is divided into äldre fornsvenska (1225–1375) and yngre fornsvenska (1375–1526), "older" and "younger" Old Swedish. Important outside influences during this time came with

3024-457: The Gustav Vasa Bible , a translation deemed so successful and influential that, with revisions incorporated in successive editions, it remained the most common Bible translation until 1917. The main translators were Laurentius Andreæ and the brothers Laurentius and Olaus Petri . The Vasa Bible is often considered to be a reasonable compromise between old and new; while not adhering to

3132-463: The French vous (see T-V distinction ). Ni wound up being used as a slightly less familiar form of du , the singular second person pronoun, used to address people of lower social status. With the liberalization and radicalization of Swedish society in the 1950s and 1960s, these class distinctions became less important, and du became the standard, even in formal and official contexts. Though

3240-541: The Gothenburg and Bohus Defence District (Fo 34), where the Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence (GbK) became the defence district authority and was given the overall mobilization responsibility within the defence district. However, the mobilization responsibility did not professionally include the mobilization responsibility for the infantry brigades were are trained at Bohuslän Regiment (I 17), thus

3348-597: The Home Guard equipment and equipment. In 1973-76, the defence districts were amalgamated with regiments into defence district regiments ( försvarsområdesregementen ) (except Fo 67, which remained independent), but in the early 1990s some independent defence districts again were formed. These latter districts were disbanded as a result of the Defence Act of 1996. The locations of the defence districts are often indicated by their names. A defence district has usually been matched by

Air Defence Regiment (Sweden) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3456-511: The United States , particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a significant Swedish-speaking immigrant population. This was notably true in states like Minnesota , where many Swedish immigrants settled. By 1940, approximately 6% of Minnesota's population spoke Swedish. Although the use of Swedish has significantly declined, it is not uncommon to find older generations and communities that still retain some use and knowledge of

3564-572: The Viking Age . It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish , although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish , spoken by most Swedes , is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties and rural dialects still exist,

3672-581: The nationalist ideas that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the languages have separate orthographies , dictionaries, grammars, and regulatory bodies. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are thus from a linguistic perspective more accurately described as a dialect continuum of Scandinavian (North Germanic), and some of the dialects, such as those on the border between Norway and Sweden, especially parts of Bohuslän , Dalsland , western Värmland , western Dalarna , Härjedalen , Jämtland , and Scania , could be described as intermediate dialects of

3780-410: The object form) – although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive s , then seen as a clitic . Swedish has two grammatical numbers – plural and singular . Adjectives have discrete comparative and superlative forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness . The definiteness of nouns

3888-399: The 1950s, when their use was removed from all official recommendations. A very significant change in Swedish occurred in the late 1960s, with the so-called du-reformen . Previously, the proper way to address people of the same or higher social status had been by title and surname. The use of herr ("Mr." or "Sir"), fru ("Mrs." or "Ma'am") or fröken ("Miss") was considered

3996-478: The 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse , evolved into Old Norse. This language underwent more changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects: Old West Norse (Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden). The dialects of Old East Norse spoken in Sweden are called Runic Swedish , while

4104-576: The Defence Act of 1942, it was decided to separate the air defence from the artillery to form its own branch. The change resulted, among other things, in the Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Division being separated fromKarlsborg Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment and forming the Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Corps (LV 6) on 1 October 1942 (Lv 6). The division from 1 October 1941 was stationed in provisional barracks on Kviberg road with

4212-527: The Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 6) were missing. Prior to the bill, the government's inquiry had come to the conclusion that only one air defence unit could be disbanded for reasons of saving and rationalization. The inquiry had examined the possibilities of disbanding Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment or Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment. To the detriment of the Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment, the investigation pointed out, among other things, that

4320-527: The Göta Artillery Regiment (A 2), Karlsborg Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 1) and Östgöta Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 2) being disbanded, which in practice did not mean any increase of regiments in the army's peace organization but also because the army in the early 1960s bought the MIM-23 Hawk missile system, which led to air defence missile units being organized at the unit in 1962. In connection with

4428-836: The Göta awards board's discretion. It is silver-colored, with the Anti-Aircraft Corps insignia on it. The ribbon is designed in a repeating pattern of orange and yellow. In 2001, the Luftvärnsregementets (Lv 6) förtjänstmedalj ("Air Defence Regiment (Lv 6) Medal of Merit") in gold and silver (LvregGM/SM) of the 8th size was established. The medal ribbon is of red moiré with two white stripes on each side. Commanding officers since 1941: 56°41′22″N 12°51′41″E  /  56.6894°N 12.8614°E  / 56.6894; 12.8614 Swedish language Swedish ( endonym : svenska [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] )

Air Defence Regiment (Sweden) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4536-464: The Modern Swedish period were the gradual assimilation of several different consonant clusters into the fricative [ʃ] and later into [ɧ] . There was also the gradual softening of [ɡ] and [k] into [j] and the fricative [ɕ] before front vowels . The velar fricative [ɣ] was also transformed into the corresponding plosive [ɡ] . The period that includes Swedish as it is spoken today

4644-461: The OLLI reform, which was implemented in the Swedish Armed Forces in the years 1973–1975, A units and B units were formed. The A units were the regiments that were given responsibility for a defence district , and which were referred to as defence district regiments ( försvarsområdesregemente ). At the same time, the defence district regiments were given the mobilization and materiel responsibility within

4752-550: The Ringenäs training area, as well as large investment costs in Halmstad to relocate the Air Defence Combat School to Halmstad. However, the government judged that synergy effects with units and schools were good in Halmstad, compared with Norrtälje. The government also considered that Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Corps had the best conditions for air defence training from a purely air defence perspective. Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps

4860-785: The Swedish Kosovo Force in 2012 and the Swedish operation in Afghanistan in 2013. On 1 January 2013, four military regions were formed, where the Western Military Region was subordinated to the commander of Skaraborg Regiment , but was under the command of the Chief of Joint Operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm regarding ground territorial leadership in peace, crisis and war. However,

4968-607: The Swedish Anti-Aircraft Technical School ( Luftvärnets tekniska skola , LvTS) were relocated to Östersund and the Swedish Anti-Aircraft Officers’ College ( Luftvärnets officershögskola , LvOHS) was relocated to Norrtälje . In connection with the Defence Act, the regiment was reduced to a corps on 1 July 1994 and regained its old name Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 6), and the defence district group ( försvarsområdesgrupp ) Gothenburg Group

5076-584: The Swedish Language Council, the Swedish Academy (established 1786) is arguably the most influential. Its primary instruments are the spelling dictionary Svenska Akademiens ordlista ( SAOL , currently in its 14th edition) and the dictionary Svenska Akademiens Ordbok , in addition to various books on grammar, spelling and manuals of style. Although the dictionaries have a prescriptive element, they mainly describe current usage. In Finland,

5184-672: The Western Military Region. Furthermore, the staff of the Western Military Region in command matters was directly subordinated to the Chief of Joint Operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters. In the Swedish Armed Forces' budget documentation for the government for 2020, it was proposed that the four military regional staffs be established as separate organizational units from 1 January 2020. The chiefs of

5292-498: The administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to Sweden before the end of World War II , that is, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of speakers remain. Swedish dialects have either 17 or 18 vowel phonemes , 9 long and 9 short. As in the other Germanic languages, including English, most long vowels are phonetically paired with one of

5400-417: The air defence became completely concentrated in Halmstad. The Defence Act of 2004 also included the disbandment of four military districts. The main tasks of the military districts were territorial activities, training of Home Guard and volunteer personnel and operations, primarily within the framework of support to society. Through the disbandment of the military districts, the training group Hallandsgruppen

5508-423: The air defence was given a more independent role in the Swedish artillery, which among other things resulted in a number of air defence divisions being organized, where, among other things, a division was relocated to Gothenburg . The division was raised as a preparedness division of Karlsborg Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (A 9) on 1 October 1941 under the name Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Division (A 9 G). Through

SECTION 50

#1733121605881

5616-539: The air defence. According to the Defence Act, the training of the air defence was concentrated in four anti-aircraft battalions, three in Halmstad and Norrland Anti-Aircraft Battalion in Boden . As the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps became a unified unit for the country's air defence, containing three anti-aircraft battalions and the Air Defence Combat School, the corps was elevated to a regiment, and on 1 July 2000 adopted

5724-551: The arms of the unit since 2000. Blazon: "Azure, the lesser coat of arms of Sweden , three open crowns or. The shield surmounted two gunbarrels of older pattern in saltire and two wings, both or". On 6 June 1943, the military commander of the III Military District , major general Folke Högberg presented a standard to the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps. On 1 April 1962, the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment took over Göta Artillery Regiment 's (A 2) standard and since then it carries it as

5832-498: The colloquial spoken language of its day, it was not overly conservative in its use of archaic forms. It was a major step towards a more consistent Swedish orthography . It established the use of the vowels "å", "ä", and "ö", and the spelling "ck" in place of "kk", distinguishing it clearly from the Danish Bible, perhaps intentionally, given the ongoing rivalry between the countries. All three translators came from central Sweden, which

5940-552: The conscripts were largely recruited from the Western Military District , which meant that they were trained far from their hometown, while the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment recruited its conscripts from the Gothenburg region. Furthermore, a disbandment of Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment would affect fewer people than a disbandment of the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment. Against a disbandment was the ability to train air defence units in winter conditions would be reduced, and that

6048-597: The corps moved to the barracks in Kviberg, where they took over the camp from disbanded Göta Artillery Regiment (A 2). The former barracks area in Högsbo later became Högsbo Hospital. On 1 July 1994, the unit was relocated to Halmstad and was co-located with Halland Regiment (I 16). From 1 July 2000, the unit took over the entire area. While the unit was located in Gothenburg, they trained at Vallda Sandö, Ringenäs training area and Sisjön training area. After moving to Halmstad,

6156-475: The corps was an isolated organizational unit with limited opportunities for garrison coordination. This was something that was considered an advantage, as the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps was already part of a garrison that housed both the Military Academy Halmstad ( Militärhögskolan Halmstad , MHS H) and the Swedish Armed Forces' Halmstad Schools ( Försvarsmaktens Halmstadsskolor , FMHS). At the same time,

6264-403: The declension of the adjectives . For example, the word fisk ("fish") is a noun of common gender ( en fisk ) and can have the following forms: The definite singular form of a noun is created by adding a suffix ( -en , -n , -et or -t ), depending on its gender and if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles den , det , and de are used for variations to the definitiveness of

6372-403: The defence district. This meant that the army units that were part of a defence district became a B unit (training regiment). In Scania , on the west coast and in Norrbotten , certain deviations were made from the principled organization, ie a defence district regiment was assigned the overall mobilization responsibility within the defence district. On the west coast, the departure was made within

6480-443: The departure from the principled organization. The Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment, which was part of the Gothenburg and Bohus Defence District, however, became a B unit, where the Gothenburg and Bohus Defence District were given the overall mobilization responsibility. On 1 July 1975, the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment joined the new organization as a training regiment. The Government Bill 1977/78:65, concerning defence organizational issues,

6588-527: The dialects of Denmark are referred to as Runic Danish . The dialects are described as "runic" because the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet . Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which had only 16 letters. Because the number of runes was limited, some runes were used for a range of phonemes , such as

SECTION 60

#1733121605881

6696-479: The disbandment of Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment during the 1983/84 financial year. In the same bill, the government changed the previous Riksdag decision to relocate the Army Radar and Anti-Aircraft Engineering School to Östersund , so that it would remain in Gothenburg. hrough the Defence Act of 1992, it was decided that all training regiments that did not raise war units the size of a regiment, would not be called

6804-513: The district. The commander answered to the larger military district that the defence district was part of. A defence district was the lowest regional unit in the Swedish Armed Forces . Such were found in particularly important coastal areas during World War I and from 1939 on at a time of mobilization. From 1943 they were included as part of the ordinary peace organization. The district was responsible for defence planning, home defence, supervision of fixed facilities, certain territorial units and

6912-567: The expeditionary team at Utbyvägen. On 1 October 1944 the unit began a move into the newly built barracks in Högsbo , which were completed 12 August 1945. On 21 October 1945, a move-in ceremony was held over the new location. Prior to the Defence Act of 1958 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the Göta Artillery Regiment (A 2) be disbanded. This is against the background that

7020-540: The firm establishment of the Christian church and various monastic orders, introducing many Greek and Latin loanwords. With the rise of Hanseatic power in the late 13th and early 14th century, Middle Low German became very influential. The Hanseatic league provided Swedish commerce and administration with a large number of Low German -speaking immigrants. Many became quite influential members of Swedish medieval society, and brought terms from their native languages into

7128-418: The first corner the former badge of the regiment; a doubletailed rampant yellow lion with an open crown, in the right forepaw a yellow sword and in the left a blue shield with three open yellow crowns placed two and one; in the second corner the badge of Stockholm ; a yellow Saint Erik head (a legacy from the former Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Regiment , Lv 3), in the third corner the provincial badge of Gotland ;

7236-445: The future could require defence with surface-to-air missiles . The Defence Act stated that the Göta Artillery Regiment would be reorganized into an air defence regiment with the Army Radar and Anti-Aircraft Engineering School affiliated. In practice, however, the Göta Artillery Regiment was disbanded as a peace unit on 31 March 1962. However, the name "Göta" was taken over by the Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Corps, which on 1 July 1962 adopted

7344-490: The government considered that it had to take into account that the corps was affected in the two previous Defence Acts, partly through the relocation from Gothenburg, and by taking over parts of air defence training from the Scanian Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 4) which was disbanded by the Defence Act of 1996. What was in favor of a disbandment of the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps were limited training area opportunities at

7452-423: The government considered that the artillery would train entire divisional units within the framework of the peace unit something that was not considered possible unless the number of peace units was reduced. The fact that the Göta Artillery Regiment was proposed to be disbanded was based on the fact that the unit's establishment was considered to be surrounded by civilian interests, and that the unit's training area in

7560-572: The head of the Halland Group ( Hallandsgruppen , HAG) was still subordinate to the commander of the Air Defence Regiment regarding production management of the Home Guard units and task management within the training groups' geographical area. On 1 January 2018, however, the leadership of Skaraborg Regiment and the Western Military Region was divided by the appointment of a separate commander for

7668-430: The industrialization and urbanization of Sweden well under way by the last decades of the 19th century, a new breed of authors made their mark on Swedish literature . Many scholars, politicians and other public figures had a great influence on the emerging national language, among them prolific authors like the poet Gustaf Fröding , Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf and radical writer and playwright August Strindberg . It

7776-603: The islands (e. g., Hiiumaa , Vormsi , Ruhnu ; in Swedish, known as Dagö , Ormsö , Runö , respectively) along the coast of the Baltic , communities that today have all disappeared. The Swedish-speaking minority was represented in parliament , and entitled to use their native language in parliamentary debates. After the loss of Estonia to the Russian Empire in the early 18th century, around 1,000 Estonian Swedish speakers were forced to march to southern Ukraine , where they founded

7884-484: The language, particularly in rural communities like Lindström and Scandia . Swedish is the official main language of Sweden. Swedish is also one of two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, it has long been used in local and state government, and most of the educational system, but remained only a de facto primary language with no official status in law until 2009. A bill was proposed in 2005 that would have made Swedish an official language, but failed to pass by

7992-480: The last millennium and divergence from both Faroese and Icelandic. By many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered dialects of a common Scandinavian language. However, because of several hundred years of sometimes quite intense rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, including a long series of wars from the 16th to 18th centuries, and

8100-419: The long term did not correspond to the requirements of modern artillery equipment. It was proposed that the training contingent of conscripts be distributed to the remaining artillery units. At the same time, the government proposed that Kviberg's barracks should remain, as the Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Corps' (Lv 6) establishment in Högsbo was also rebuilt and had even worse conditions compared to Kviberg. Thus, it

8208-494: The main alternative for future air defence training. What was in favor of maintaining Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Corps was, among other things, good training areas and that the Air Defence Combat School ( Luftvärnets stridsskola , LvSS), was located in Norrtälje, which also had a test site on Väddö training area. What was in favor of a disbandment of Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Corps was to build up competence for Missile System 77/97 , and that

8316-473: The military region staffs were in turn proposed to be subordinated to the Chief of Home Guard regarding the production of training groups and Home Guard units. This meant that the training groups were transferred organizationally from a training unit to the four military regional staffs. In the Government's bill, however, the Government emphasized that the military regional division could be adjusted, depending on

8424-400: The name Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment. The Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Corps officially moved into Kviberg on 1 April 1962. Initially, it was co-located with a disbandment organization formed after the disbandment of the Göta Artillery Regiment, which ended on 30 September 1962, 1 from October 1962, the unit was completely organized in Kviberg. That the corps was reorganized into a regiment was due to

8532-511: The narrowest possible margin (145–147) due to a pairing-off failure. A proposal for a broader language law, designating Swedish as the main language of the country and bolstering the status of the minority languages, was submitted by an expert committee to the Swedish Ministry of Culture in March 2008. It was subsequently enacted by the Riksdag , and entered into effect on 1 July 2009. Swedish

8640-421: The national standard languages. Swedish pronunciations also vary greatly from one region to another, a legacy of the vast geographic distances and historical isolation. Even so, the vocabulary is standardized to a level that make dialects within Sweden virtually fully mutually intelligible. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish In

8748-474: The new name Air Defence Regiment (Lv 6). In Halmstad, the new regiment took over the barracks area from the disbanded units Halland Regiment (I 16 / Fo 31) and Halland Brigade ( Hallandsbrigaden , IB 16). Through the Defence Act of 2004, the Riksdag decided, among other things, to reduce the number of anti-aircraft battalions from four to one, which meant that Norrland Anti-Aircraft Battalion was disbanded. With this,

8856-424: The north. An early change that separated Runic Danish from the other dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to the monophthong é , as in stæinn to sténn "stone". This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin . There was also a change of au as in dauðr into a long open ø as in døðr "dead". This change is shown in runic inscriptions as

8964-441: The only acceptable way to begin conversation with strangers of unknown occupation, academic title or military rank. The fact that the listener should preferably be referred to in the third person tended to further complicate spoken communication between members of society. In the early 20th century, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace the insistence on titles with ni —the standard second person plural pronoun)—analogous to

9072-402: The original Germanic three- gender system. Nouns , adjectives , pronouns and certain numerals were inflected in four cases; besides the extant nominative , there were also the genitive (later possessive ), dative and accusative . The gender system resembled that of modern German , having masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The masculine and feminine genders were later merged into

9180-423: The outcome of the investigation "Ansvar, ledning och samordning inom civilt försvar" (Directive 2018:79). For the Air Defence Regiment, this change meant that the Halland Group was transferred to the Western Military Region from 1 January 2020. The regiment has the following organisation: In connection with Karlsborg Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 1) detaching a preparedness division on 1 October 1941 to Gothenburg, it

9288-480: The reform was not an act of any centralized political decree, but rather the result of sweeping change in social attitudes, it was completed in just a few years, from the late 1960s to early 1970s. The use of ni as a polite form of address is sometimes encountered today in both the written and spoken language, particularly among older speakers. Swedish is the sole official national language of Sweden , and one of two in Finland (alongside Finnish ). As of 2006, it

9396-541: The regiment at close range had the air defence's best training area, Åstön. The Chief of the Army advocated maintaining the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment in front of Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment, as he considered that it would benefit the army's design in the longer term. At its base in Kviberg, the Göta Anti-Aircraft Regiment also had a better training capacity compared with the regiment in Sundsvall. The inquiry therefore advocated

9504-463: The rune for the vowel u , which was also used for the vowels o , ø and y , and the rune for i , also used for e . From 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries, or isoglosses , ranging from Zealand in the south to Norrland , Österbotten and northwestern Finland in

9612-444: The short /e/ (transcribed ⟨ ɛ ⟩ in the chart below). There are 18 consonant phonemes, two of which, / ɧ / and /r/ , vary considerably in pronunciation depending on the dialect and social status of the speaker. In many dialects, sequences of /r/ (pronounced alveolarly) with a dental consonant result in retroflex consonants ; alveolarity of the pronunciation of /r/ is a precondition for this retroflexion. /r/ has

9720-428: The short vowels, and the pairs are such that the two vowels are of similar quality , but with the short vowel being slightly lower and slightly centralized. In contrast to e.g. Danish, which has only tense vowels, the short vowels are slightly more lax, but the tense vs. lax contrast is not nearly as pronounced as in English, German or Dutch. In many dialects, the short vowel sound pronounced [ɛ] or [æ] has merged with

9828-625: The subject in a clause, a trait that is restricted to North Germanic languages: Defence district A defence district ( Swedish : Försvarsområde , Fo) was a military subdivision of the Swedish Armed Forces created in 1914. It was a lower regional level subdivision, usually corresponding to a Swedish county . The commander of a defence district was the Defence District Commander , who usually commanded local defence units, including infantry , engineers , air defence and light artillery , as well as any Home Guard units in

9936-526: The two cases and two genders of modern Swedish. A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as æ – and sometimes as a' – though it varied between persons and regions. The combination "ao" was similarly rendered a , and "oe" became o . These three were later to evolve into the separate letters ä , å and ö . The first time the new letters were used in print

10044-517: The two natural genders han and hon ("he" and "she"), there are also the two grammatical genders den and det , usually termed common and neuter . In recent years, a gender-neutral pronoun hen has been introduced, particularly in literary Swedish. Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional object form, derived from the old dative form. Hon , for example, has the following nominative, possessive, and object forms: Swedish also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to

10152-504: The unit started training at Mästocka training area and Nyårsåsen training area. The coat of the arms of the unit from 1977 to 2000. Blazon : "Azur, the regimental badge, three waves bendy-sinister argent, charged with a doubletailed crowned lion rampant or, armed and langued gules, in dexter forepaw a sword or and in sinister a shield azure charged with three open crowns or placed two and one. The shield surmounted two gunbarrels of older pattern in saltire and two wings, both or". The coat of

10260-574: The upper inner corner two gunbarrels of older pattern in saltire (a legacy from the former Göta Artillery Regiment , A 2) and in the other corners the badge of the Air Defence Corps; two winged gunbarrels of older pattern in saltire, all yellow. Blue fringe." In 2000, the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps Commemorative Medal (GötalvkårMSM) was established. The medal is awarded for distinguished effort among junior personnel, at

10368-439: The vocabulary. Besides a great number of loanwords for such areas as warfare, trade and administration, general grammatical suffixes and even conjunctions were imported. The League also brought a certain measure of influence from Danish (at the time Swedish and Danish were much more similar than today). Early Old Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex case structure and also retained

10476-567: The written language is uniform and standardized . Swedish is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where its status is co- official language . Swedish was long spoken in parts of Estonia , although the current status of the Estonian Swedish speakers is almost extinct. It is also used in the Swedish diaspora , most notably in Oslo , Norway, with more than 50,000 Swedish residents. Swedish

10584-596: Was adopted by the Riksdag on 15 December 1977. The bill contained, among other things, a disbandment of Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 5). The background was, among other things, that the government in its bill considered that Sundsvall Anti-Aircraft Regiment had unsatisfactory access to training areas in Sundsvall , which the government also stated that the Scanian Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 4) in Malmö and

10692-473: Was because the activities at Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps were considered too limited to be able to develop into a single unit for the country's air defence. Regarding Norrland Anti-Aircraft Corps , the government judged that it would give serious competence losses in the short term to locate the entire air defence function to Boden. The choice was between retaining Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 3) in Norrtälje or Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 6) in Halmstad, as

10800-484: Was during the 20th century that a common, standardized national language became available to all Swedes. The orthography finally stabilized and became almost completely uniform, with some minor deviations, by the time of the spelling reform of 1906. With the exception of plural forms of verbs and a slightly different syntax, particularly in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish of today. The plural verb forms appeared decreasingly in formal writing into

10908-636: Was in Aff dyäffwlsens frästilse ("By the Devil's temptation") published by Johan Gerson in 1495. Modern Swedish (Swedish: nysvenska ) begins with the advent of the printing press and the European Reformation . After assuming power, the new monarch Gustav Vasa ordered a Swedish translation of the Bible . The New Testament was published in 1526, followed by a full Bible translation in 1541, usually referred to as

11016-445: Was judged by the government to have sufficiently good conditions for continued air defence training. In its bill regarding the Defence Act of 2000, the government disbanded Roslagen Anti-Aircraft Corps and retained the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps. This was considered to be due to the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps having a greater and better opportunity for garrison coordination with an expanded infrastructure to cope with increased mechanization of

11124-519: Was not standardized. It depended on the authors and their background. Those influenced by German capitalized all nouns, while others capitalized more sparsely. It is also not always apparent which letters are capitalized owing to the Gothic or blackletter typeface that was used to print the Bible. This typeface was in use until the mid-18th century, when it was gradually replaced with a Latin typeface (often Antiqua ). Some important changes in sound during

11232-399: Was placed in a barracks camp at Kvibergsvägen 19-21. After the detachment was separated from the regiment on 1 October 1942 and formed the Göta Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 6), the corps began to move into a newly built barracks area on Tunnlandsgatan 2A in Högsbo on 30 September 1944. On 12 August 1945 the move was completed, and on 21 October 1945 a ceremony was held over the move. On 1 April 1962,

11340-491: Was proposed that the Gothenburg Anti-Aircraft Corps should be moved and take over the establishment in Kviberg. Kviberg has had the Swedish Army Radar and Anti-Aircraft Engineering School ( Arméns radar- och luftvärnsmekanikerskola , RMS) since 1950, which the government also considered to facilitate the necessary collaboration between the two units. This was partly because Gothenburg was a primary protection object, which in

11448-404: Was subordinated from 1 January 2006 to the Air Defence Regiment. In connection with the conscription being suspended by the Defence Act of 2009, two new battalions were raised, which consist of contracted soldiers as well as employed officers and soldiers. Parts of the battalions participated both nationally and internationally in ground and air operations, such as Nordic Battlegroup 11 (NBG 11),

11556-526: Was the sole native language of 83% of Swedish residents. In 2007, around 5.5% (c. 290,000) of the population of Finland were native speakers of Swedish, partially due to a decline following the Russian annexation of Finland after the Finnish War 1808–1809. The Fenno-Swedish - speaking minority is concentrated in the coastal areas and archipelagos of southern and western Finland. In some of these areas, Swedish

11664-501: Was transferred to the West Coast Naval Command . Through the Defence Act of 2000 , the government considered that only four anti-aircraft battalions were needed in the future rapid reaction organisation ( insatsorganisation ). What was clear before the Defence Act was to disband Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 2) and reduce Norrland Anti-Aircraft Corps (Lv 7) to a battalion and place it under Norrbotten Regiment (I 19). This

#880119