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16-514: It evolved from already existing conservation areas, such as Cibodas Botanical Gardens , Cimungkat Nature Reserve, Situgunung Recreational Park, and Mount Gede Pangrango Nature Reserve, and has been the site of important biological and conservation research over the last century. In 1977 UNESCO declared it part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves . Mount Gede (2,958 m) and Pangrango (3,019 m) are twin volcanoes. The two summits are connected by

32-458: A high saddle known as Kandang Badak (2,400 m). The mountain slopes are very steep and are cut into rapidly flowing streams, which carve deep valleys and long ridges. Lower and upper montane and subalpine forests are within the park and have been well studied. To the north of Mount Gede is a field of Javanese Edelweiss ( Anaphalis javanica ). The park contains a large number of species known to occur only within its boundaries, however, this may be

48-555: A living through his knowledge in physics and medicine, with little success. Subsequently, he sent a request to the governor general to work in the National Botanical Garden and a year later he was appointed assistant curator. With director Johannes Elias Teijsmann , they rearranged their crops to taxonomic families, which would result in the displacement of many specimens in the botanical garden. Together they organized expeditions to various parts of modern Indonesia and expand

64-531: A result of the disproportionate amount of research over many years. The Mount Gede Pangrango National Park serves as the upper watershed for 4 river basins in the region, three of which are the Cisadane River Basin, Ciliwung River Basin, and Citarum River Basin. All of their main tributaries flow towards the northern coast of Java, eventually reaching the Java Sea . On the other hand, the main tributary of

80-466: Is the most popular entrance gate and is the site of the park's headquarters. From Jakarta, the area is two hours drive, usually via Cibodas Botanical Gardens . Kebun Raya Cibodas Cibodas Botanical Garden ( Indonesian : Kebun Raya Cibodas , KRC) is a 84.99 hectares (210.0 acres) botanical garden on the slopes of Mount Gede , located in the Cibodas subdistrict of West Java , Indonesia . It

96-746: The Cimandiri River basin flows towards the southern coast of Java and drains into the Indian Ocean . Gunung Gede-Pangrango is inhabited by 251 of the 450 bird species found in Java. Among these are endangered species like the Javan hawk-eagle and the Javan scops owl . Among the endangered mammal species in the Park, there are several primates such as the silvery gibbon , the Javan surili and Javan lutung . Other mammals include

112-495: The Javan leopard , leopard cat , Indian muntjac , Java mouse-deer , Sumatran dhole , Malayan porcupine , Sunda stink badger , yellow-throated marten , and Bartels's rat . Visitors usually enter the park by one of the four gates of the park: the Cibodas, Gunung Putri, and Selabintana gates, all give access to the peaks; the Situ Gunung gate gives entrance to a lake area set aside mainly for family-style recreation. Cibodas gate

128-592: The Netherlands and introduced Cinchona trees to Java, the extract of the tree would later be used to make quinine . However, due to his worsening health he had to return to Netherlands in 1856. Later he participated in examining and describe the Commelinaceae of Georg August Schweinfurth 's Abyssinian plant collections and also worked on several plant families, such as Cyathea junghuhniana in Leiden . In 1855 he became

144-523: The botanic garden opened a new section, the House of Nepenthes ( Rumah Kantung Semar ), containing 55 species and 47 hybrid species of Nepenthes. The Cibodas bryophyte park, or Taman Lumut Cibodas , is part of the Cibodas Botanical Garden and is located between Mount Gede and Mount Gede Pangrango National Park . It was built in 2004 and opened to the public officially on April 11, 2006, on

160-402: The garden. Plants that are exotic to Indonesia, such as Eucalyptus from Australia , Conifers from Europe , and others are cultivated in the area. There are approximately 10,792 living specimens in the garden, including 320 orchids , 289 cacti , 22 succulent plants, 216 algae , 103 ferns , and 1162 garden plant species that live within the proximity of the botanic garden. Only 114 of

176-523: The growth of subtropical plants. The garden is approximately 1,300–1,425 metres (4,265–4,675 ft) above mean sea level , with an average temperature across the year of 20.06 °C, and an average humidity of 80.82%. The gardens are the first place where Cinchona trees were grown in Indonesia for quinine production in 1854. The trees were originally brought to Java by Justus Carl Hasskarl from South America and were successfully experimented with in

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192-543: The number of plants collection in the Botanic Garden. Hasskarl also proposed starting a library (Bibliotheca Bogoriensis) which was opened in 1842 and Herbarium Bogoriense in 1844. In 1852, the Netherlands government sent him to Lima and in early 1853, Justus made an expedition to the interior of Peru and even reaching the eastern border of Lake Titicaca , where he gathered Cinchona trees for Malaria treatment. In 1854 he sent his collections of seeds and specimens back to

208-566: The occasion of the 154th anniversary of the Cibodas Botanical Gardens. The 1,500 m2 garden was designed to resemble the natural habitat of mosses. Natural shade is also provided by the shade of native Indonesian plants that grow around it to give the desired humid conditions. 6°44′32.0″S 107°00′20.0″E  /  6.742222°S 107.005556°E  / -6.742222; 107.005556 Justus Carl Hasskarl Justus Carl Hasskarl (6 December 1811 – 5 January 1894)

224-429: The plant species present in the garden are native to West Java. Its herbarium contains approximately 4,852 preserved specimens of plants. The collections are divided into outdoor and indoor sections. The indoor section houses plants within glasshouses, including cacti and orchids. The outdoor section is divided into a sakura garden, algae garden, rhododendron garden, fern garden, and medicine garden. In April 2014,

240-567: Was a German explorer and botanist specializing in pteridophytes , bryophytes and spermatophytes . Justus Carl Hasskarl was born in Kassel in the Kingdom of Westphalia . In his earlier life he studied at a plant nursery in Poppelsdorf in 1827. In 1834 he studied natural history while at the same time preparing himself for an expedition to the tropics. In 1836, he traveled to Java and tried to make

256-643: Was operated by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), which now has been transformed into the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The garden was founded in 1852 by the Dutch botanist Johannes Elias Teijsmann as a branch of the Bogor Botanical Gardens , and its layout was completed under Rudolph Scheffer in later years. The gardens were built at a high elevation, allowing

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