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98-467: Guatemala is a multicultural society, though most Guatemalans have varying degrees of European (predominantly Spaniards ) and Amerindian ancestry. Guatemalans are also colloquially nicknamed C hapines in other Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America . Guatemala has a population of 17,153,288 (July 2020 est). In 1900, Guatemala had a population of 885,000. Guatemala had the fastest population growth in

196-749: A culture between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, settling initially along the Mediterranean coast. Then Celts settled in Spain during the Iron Age . Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, who had cultural contact with the Iberians, are called Celtiberians . In addition, a group known as the Tartessians and later Turdetanians inhabited southwestern Spain. They are believed to have developed

294-593: A dry season. The average annual temperature in Puerto Barrios is 27.3 °C or 81.1 °F. About 2,748 millimetres or 108.2 inches of rain falls annually over the course of the year. In order to establish the necessary physical infrastructure to make possible the "independent" and national capitalist development that could reduce the extreme dependence on the United States and break the American monopolies operating in

392-468: A first or second language, which boosts the number of Spanish speakers to the overwhelming majority of Spain's population of 46 million. Spanish was exported to the Americas due to over three centuries of Spanish colonial rule starting with the arrival of Christopher Columbus to Santo Domingo in 1492. Spanish is spoken natively by over 400 million people and spans across most countries of the Americas; from

490-449: A highway and another port – Santo Tomas de Castilla – to compete with the American fruit company. He also issued an Agrarian Reform that impacted UFCO land. Eventually, Árbenz was accused of Communism and was ousted in 1954, but the highway was almost completed and was completed by his successor, colonel Carlos Castillo Armas . Just as Arbenz had hoped, IRCA's last profit was reported in 1957. The earthquake on 4 February 1976 , one of

588-663: A joining of forces to attack and conquer the Emirate of Granada. The King and Queen convinced the Pope to declare their war a crusade . The Christians were successful and finally, in January 1492, after a long siege, the Moorish sultan Muhammad XII surrendered the fortress palace, the renowned Alhambra . Spain conquered the Canary Islands between 1402 and 1496. Their indigenous Berber population,

686-477: A lesser extent people also arrived from Spain, France, Belgium, England, Italy, Sweden, etc. Many Europeans who emigrated to Guatemala were politicians, refugees, families, entrepreneurs and mainly settlers, Guatemala had long been the Central American country that received the most immigrants, behind Costa Rica for 1950, that does not mean that the country no longer receive large numbers of immigrants. From

784-489: A people native to Spain . Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history , including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the Roman -imposed Latin language , of which Spanish is the largest and the only one that is official throughout the whole country. Commonly spoken regional languages include, most notably,

882-476: A separate culture influenced by Phoenicia . The seafaring Phoenicians , Greeks , and Carthaginians successively settled trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries. Interaction took place with Indigenous peoples. The Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and Romans was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal. The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during

980-445: A significant number of Moriscos — (Muslims who had been baptized Catholic) were expelled by royal decree. Although initial estimates of the number of Moriscos expelled such as those of Henri Lapeyre reach 300,000 moriscos (or 4% of the total Spanish population), the extent and severity of the expulsion has been increasingly challenged by modern historians. Nevertheless, the eastern region of Valencia, where ethnic tensions were highest,

1078-568: A suggestion made by president Reina Barrios. Given that in those days most visitors arriving from Europe and North America would arrive at the port on the Caribbean Sea shore, Reina Barrios pushed for the Northern Railroad to be finished quickly. Not only was the railroad vital for the Expo success, it was key to move merchandise and passengers between the Caribbean Sea and the new Port of Iztapa on

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1176-513: A time when the Panama Canal was not built yet. However, a sharp decline in the price of coffee and silver, along with the high technical difficulties of the railroad construction close to Guatemala City – mainly due to the steep cliffs and mountains around the city− resulted in the collapse of Guatemala's economy, and the eventual assassination of Reina Barrios, on 8 February 1898. After Reina Barrios' death, civilian lawyer Manuel Estrada Cabrera

1274-579: A totally independent Suebic Kingdom . In 447 AC they converted to Roman Catholicism under King Rechila . After being checked and reduced in 456 AD by the Visigoths, the Suebic Kingdom survived to 585 AD. It was decimated as an independent political unit by the Visigoths, after having been involved in the internal affairs of their kingdom. After two centuries of domination by the Visigothic Kingdom ,

1372-551: Is a city in Guatemala , located within the Gulf of Honduras . The city is located on Bahia de Amatique . Puerto Barrios is the departmental seat of Izabal department and is the administrative seat of Puerto Barrios municipality. It is Guatemala's main Caribbean Sea port, together with its more modern twin port town just to the southwest, Santo Tomás de Castilla . As of the 2018 census,

1470-734: Is in the masa or dough ( maize , potatoes , rice ), what's in the filling (meat, fruits, nuts), and what is it wrapped with (leaves, husks). The masa is made out of corn that is not sweet, such as what is known as feed corn in the U.S.A. In Guatemala, this non-sweet corn is called maize and the corn that Americans from the US are used to eating on the cob, sweet corn, they call elote . Tamales in Guatemala are more typically wrapped in plantain , banana , or maxan leaves rather than corn husks. The ancient Mayan civilization lasted for about six hundred years before collapsing around 900 A.D. Today, almost half of

1568-437: Is located on the shore of Santo Tomás internal bay, which is part of Amatique Bay . There is a small peninsula called Punta de Manabique which separates the small bay from the Gulf of Honduras , and shelters it from storms. Puerto Barrios has a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ). The city experiences significant rainfall year-round. Like most cities and towns with this climate, Puerto Barrios does not have

1666-522: Is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is probably around one million. Most Spanish Roma live in the autonomous community of Andalusia, where they have traditionally enjoyed a higher degree of integration than in the rest of the country. A number of Spanish Calé also live in Southern France, especially in

1764-536: Is one of the aspects (including laws and general "ways of life") that causes Spaniards to be labelled a Latin people . Spanish has a significant Arabic influence in vocabulary; between the 8th and 12th centuries, Arabic was the dominant language in Al-Andalus and some 4,000 words are of Arabic origin, including nouns, verbs and adjectives. It also has influences from other Romance languages such as French , Italian , Catalan , Galician or Portuguese . Traditionally,

1862-690: Is the official language. As a first and second language, Spanish is spoken by 93% of the population as second or third language. Twenty-one Mayan languages are spoken, especially in rural areas, as well as two non-Mayan Amerindian languages, Xinca , an indigenous language, and Garifuna , an Arawakan language spoken on the Caribbean coast. According to the Language Law of 2003, the languages of Mayas, Xincas, and Garifunas are unrecognized as National Languages. The peace accords signed in December 1996 provide for

1960-411: Is the official state language, although the other languages are co-official in a number of autonomous communities. Peninsular Spanish is typically classified in northern and southern dialects; among the southern ones Andalusian Spanish is particularly important. The Canary Islands have a distinct dialect of Spanish which is close to Caribbean Spanish . The Spanish language is a Romance language and

2058-557: Is traditional to eat on certain days of the week – for example, by tradition it is known that on Thursday, the typical food is "paches", which is like a tamale made with a base of potato, and on Sundays it is traditional to eat tamales, due to the fact that Sundays are considered holidays. Certain dishes are also associated with special occasions, such as fiambre for All Saints Day on November 1 and tamales, which are common Christmas . There are reportedly hundreds of varieties of tamales throughout Guatemala. They key variations are what

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2156-494: Is very popular when tourists visit the country for the first time, and is a great choice in the search for new and interesting flavors. Many traditional foods are based on Maya cuisine and prominently feature corn, chilis and beans as key ingredients. Various dishes may have the same name as dishes from a neighboring country, but may in fact be quite different for example the enchilada or quesadilla , which are nothing like their Mexican counterparts. There are also foods that it

2254-706: The Almohads , another Berber dynasty, after the victory of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian Alfonso VIII at the Battle of Alarcos in 1195. In 1212 a coalition of Christian kings under the leadership of the Castilian Alfonso VIII defeated the Almohads at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. But the Almohads continued to rule Al-Andalus for another decade, though with much reduced power and prestige. The civil wars following

2352-607: The Basque language has been considered a key influence on Spanish, though nowadays this is questioned. Other changes are borrowings from English and other Germanic languages, although English influence is stronger in Latin America than in Spain. The number of speakers of Spanish as a mother tongue is roughly 35.6 million, while the vast majority of other groups in Spain such as the Galicians , Catalans , and Basques also speak Spanish as

2450-506: The Battle of Sagrajas . By 1094, Yusuf ibn Tashfin had removed all Muslim princes in Iberia and had annexed their states, except for the one at Zaragoza. He also regained Valencia from the Christians. About this time a massive process of conversion to Islam took place, and Muslims comprised the majority of the population in Spain by the end of the 11th century. The Almoravids were succeeded by

2548-517: The Castilians , Aragonese , Catalans , Andalusians , Valencians , Balearics , Canarians , Basques and the Galicians among others. The earliest modern humans inhabiting the region of Spain are believed to have been Paleolithic peoples , who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000–40,000 years ago. The Iberians are believed to have arrived or emerged in the region as

2646-630: The Catholic Monarchs , generally considered the point of emergence of Spain as a unified country. The Conquest of Navarre occurred in 1512. There was also a period called Iberian Union , the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Spanish Crown ; during which, both countries were ruled by the Spanish Habsburg kings between 1580 and 1640. In the early modern period, Spain had one of

2744-505: The Galicians (who speak Galician , a descendant of old Galician-Portuguese ). Respect to the existing cultural pluralism is important to many Spaniards. In many regions there exist strong regional identities such as Asturias , Aragon , the Canary Islands , León , and Andalusia , while in others (like Catalonia , Basque Country or Galicia ) there are stronger national sentiments . Many of them refuse to identify themselves with

2842-618: The Guanches , were gradually absorbed by intermarrying with Spanish settlers. Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was begun by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by Charles V. The series of military campaigns extended from 1512 to 1524, while the war lasted until 1528 in the Navarre to the north of the Pyrenees. Between 1568 and 1571, Charles V armies fought and defeated a general insurrection of

2940-609: The Iberian Peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals . Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including the Byzantine province of Spania , into the Visigothic Kingdom , which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically, and legally all

3038-759: The Iberian Peninsula was invaded by a Muslim force under Tariq Bin Ziyad in 711. This army consisted mainly of ethnic Berbers from the Ghomara tribe, who were reinforced by Arabs from Syria once the conquest was complete. Only a remote mountainous area in the far north retained independence, eventually developing as the Christian Kingdom of Asturias . Muslim Iberia became part of the Umayyad Caliphate and would be known as Al-Andalus . The Berbers of Al Andalus revolted as early as 740 AD, halting Arab expansion across

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3136-595: The K'iche' 9.1%, Q'eqchi 8.4%, Kaqchikel 7.9%, Mam 6.3% and 8.6% of the population is "other Mayan ", 0.4% is indigenous non-Mayan, making the indigenous community in Guatemala about 40.3% of the population. There are smaller communities present, including about 15,000 Salvadorans. The Garífuna , who are descended primarily from Africans who lived with and intermarried with indigenous peoples from St. Vincent, live mainly in Livingston and Puerto Barrios . Those communities have other blacks and mulattos descended from

3234-659: The Lent and Easter -week processions, as well as on other occasions. The Garifuna people of Afro-Caribbean descent, who are spread thinly on the northeastern Caribbean coast, have their own distinct varieties of popular and folk music . Cumbia , from the Colombian variety, is also very popular, especially among the lower classes. The Guatemala National Prize in Literature is a one-time only award that recognizes an individual writer's body of work. It has been given annually since 1988 by

3332-650: The Mayan ruins of Quirigua . In 1910, the United Fruit Company bought Quiriguá and all the land around the site for banana production; they set aside 75 acres or 30 hectares around the ceremonial center as an archaeological park, leaving an island of jungle among the plantations. Nearby the Quirigua ruins is the Quirigua Hospital, established by United Fruit Company in 1910, and considered the finest tropical hospital in

3430-635: The Mediterranean Sea , like other Southern European countries, the land that is now Spain also had contact with other Mediterranean peoples such as the ancient Phoenicians , Greeks and Carthaginians who briefly settled along the Iberian Mediterranean coast, the Sephardi Jewish community, and Berbers and Arabs arrived during Al-Andalus , all of them leaving some North African and Middle Eastern genetic contributions, particularly in

3528-597: The Pontic–Caspian steppe of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of Indo-European migrations 5,000 years ago. The Spanish people's genetic pool largely derives from the pre-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula: There are also some genetic influences from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period, including the Suebi , Hasdingi Vandals , Alans and Visigoths . Due to its position on

3626-660: The Pyrenee Mountains into France. Upon the collapse of the Umayyad in Damascus , Spain was seized by Yusuf al Fihri . The exiled Umayyad Prince Abd al-Rahman I next seized power, establishing himself as Emir of Cordoba . Abd al Rahman III , his grandson, proclaimed a Caliphate in 929, marking the beginning of the Golden Age of Al Andalus. This policy was the effective power of the peninsula and Western North Africa; it competed with

3724-511: The Roman Empire and produced notable historical figures such as Trajan , Hadrian , Seneca , Martial , Theodosius , and Quintilian . The Germanic Vandals and Suebi , with Iranian Alans under King Respendial , arrived in the peninsula in 409 AD. Part of the Vandals with the remaining Alans, now under Geiseric , removed to North Africa after a few conflicts with another Germanic tribe,

3822-547: The Shiite rulers of Tunis and frequently raided the small Christian kingdoms in the North. The Caliphate of Córdoba effectively collapsed during a ruinous civil war between 1009 and 1013; it was not finally abolished until 1031, when al-Andalus broke up into a number of mostly independent mini-states and principalities called taifas . These were generally too weak to defend themselves against repeated raids and demands for tribute from

3920-456: The Visigoths . The latter were established in Toulouse and supported Roman campaigns against the Vandals and Alans in 415–19 AD. The Visigoths became the dominant power in Iberia and reigned for three centuries. They were highly romanized in the eastern Empire and already Christians, so they became fully integrated into the late Iberian-Roman culture. The Suebi were another Germanic tribe in

4018-617: The 1890s there have been small communities of Asians (in particular from Korea , China, Japan, Singapore and the Philippines ) but in recent decades this has been growing. Also beginning with the First World War , the immigrant population is being strengthened by Jewish and Pakistani immigration. During the second half of the twentieth century, Latin American immigration grew strong in Guatemala, particularly from other Central American countries, Mexico, Cuba , Colombia , etc. Although

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4116-478: The 1970s. Below are estimates for certain countries: During the colonial era Guatemala received immigrants (settlers) only from Spain. Subsequently, Guatemala received waves of immigration from Europe in the mid 19th century and early 20th century. Primarily from Germany, these immigrants installed coffee and cardamom fincas in Alta Verapaz , Zacapa , Quetzaltenango , Baja Verapaz and Izabal departments. To

4214-583: The 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and established a series of Latin -speaking provinces in the region. As a result of Roman colonization , the majority of local languages, with the exception of Basque , stem from the Vulgar Latin that was spoken in Hispania (Roman Iberia). A new group of Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula including Spanish , which eventually became the main language in Spain evolved from Roman expansion. Hispania emerged as an important part of

4312-621: The 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Hispania , the name given to Iberia by the Romans as a province of their Empire, underwent a process of linguistic and cultural Romanization , and as such, the majority of local languages in Spain today, with the exception of Basque , evolved out of Vulgar Latin which was introduced by the ancient Romans . At the end of the Western Roman Empire , the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded

4410-754: The Almoravids, Muslim Berber rulers of the Maghreb . But the Almoravids went on to conquer and annex all the Taifa kingdoms. In 1086 the Almoravid ruler of Morocco, Yusuf ibn Tashfin , was invited by the Muslim princes in Iberia to defend them against Alfonso VI , King of Castile and León. In that year, Tashfin crossed the straits to Algeciras and inflicted defeat on the Christian army at

4508-510: The America's at the time of its operation. On the grounds of the hospital is the Quirigua Hospital Cemetery, where some of the UFC and hospital workers that died in Guatemala are interred. The Castillo de San Felipe de Lara , an old Spanish fort in Río Dulce , guards the entrance to Lake Izabal . Another popular attraction is the lively town of Livingston where Garifuna culture can be experienced, with its Punta and Yankunu dances. In 1883, then president general Justo Rufino Barrios had

4606-425: The Christian states to the north and west, which were known to the Muslims as "the Galician nations". These had expanded from their initial strongholds in Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque country, and the Carolingian Marca Hispanica to become the Kingdoms of Navarre, León, Portugal, Castile and Aragon, and the County of Barcelona. Eventually they began to conquer territory, and the Taifa kings asked for help from

4704-467: The Guatemalan diaspora is located in the United States of America, with estimates ranging from 480,665 to 1,489,426. The difficulty in getting accurate counts for Guatemalans abroad is because many of them are refugee claimants awaiting determination of their status. Emigration to the United States of America has led to the growth of Guatemalan communities in California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Texas, Rhode Island and elsewhere since

4802-442: The Guatemalan population is Mayan. These natives live throughout the country and grow maize as their staple crop. In addition, the ancient Maya ate amaranth, a breakfast cereal similar to modern day cereals. Guatemala 's national instrument is the marimba , an idiophone from the family of the xylophones , which is played all over the country, even in the remotest corners. Towns also have wind and percussion bands that play during

4900-456: The Ministry of Culture and Sports. Miguel Ángel Asturias won the literature Nobel Prize in 1967. Among his famous books is El Señor Presidente , a novel based on the government of Manuel Estrada Cabrera . Rigoberta Menchú , winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting oppression of indigenous people in Guatemala, is famous for her books I, Rigoberta Menchú and Crossing Borders. Religion in Guatemala (2001) Historically, Catholicism

4998-410: The Muslims of the mountains of Granada. Charles V then ordered the expulsion of up to 80,000 Granadans from the province and their dispersal throughout Spain. The union of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon as well as the conquest of Granada , Navarre and the Canary Islands led to the formation of the Spanish state as known today. This allowed for the development of a Spanish identity based on

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5096-431: The Northern Railroad project, executive action No. 524 declared Puerto Barrios to be a "Major port of the Republic" and ordered the customs offices previously based in Livingston to be relocated there. The Exposición Centroamericana (Central American Expo) was an industrial and cultural exposition that was to take place in Guatemala in 1897 and which was approved on 8 March 1894 by the National Assembly by Decree 253 by

5194-427: The Pacific shore. Reina Barrios hoped the railroad would improve the progress and development of the country given that the United States and Spain were still at war over Cuba, and it was evident that a dependable inter-oceanic communication line was crucial for the North American country. Completing a transoceanic railway was a main objective of Reina Barrios' government, with a goal to attract international investors at

5292-404: The Southern and Western Iberian Peninsula . Within Spain, there are various nationalities and regional populations including the Andalusians , Castilians , Catalans , Valencians and Balearics (who speak Catalan , a distinct Romance language in eastern Spain), the Basques (who live in the Basque country and north of Navarre and speak Basque , a non-Indo-European language), and

5390-460: The Southwestern United States in North America down to Tierra del Fuego , the southernmost region of South America in Chile and Argentina . A variety of the language, known as Judaeo-Spanish or Ladino (or Haketia in Morocco), is still spoken by descendants of Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews) who fled Spain following a decree of expulsion of practising Jews in 1492. Also, a Spanish creole language known as Chabacano , which developed by

5488-601: The Spanish Slave Trade. There are also Asians , mostly of Chinese descent. Other Asian groups include Arabs of Lebanese and Syrian descent. There is also a growing Korean community in Guatemala City and in nearby Mixco , currently numbering about 6,000. Guatemala's German population is credited with bringing the tradition of a Christmas tree to the country. Guatemalan mestizos are people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry. They may also have varying degrees of African or Asian ancestry. Mixed Guatemalans could reach 60% with people of different grades of mixture, but

5586-430: The Spanish ethnic group and prefer some of the following: Spain is home to one of the largest communities of Romani people (commonly known by the English exonym "gypsies", Spanish: gitanos ). The Spanish Roma, which belong to the Iberian Kale subgroup ( calé ), are a formerly-nomadic community, which spread across Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe, first reaching Spain in the 15th century. Data on ethnicity

5684-443: The Spanish language and a local form of Catholicism. This gradually developed in a territory that remained culturally, linguistically and religiously very diverse. A majority of Jews were forcibly converted to Catholicism during the 14th and 15th centuries and those remaining were expelled from Spain in 1492. The open practice of Islam by Spain's sizeable Mudejar population was similarly outlawed. Furthermore, between 1609 and 1614,

5782-408: The Western Hemisphere during 20th century. Approximately half of the Guatemalan population lives in poverty and 13.7% of them live in extreme poverty. Guatemala is heavily centralized. Transportation, communications, business, politics, and the most relevant urban activity takes place in Guatemala City. Guatemala City has about 2 million inhabitants within the city limits and more than 5 million within

5880-566: The beginning of the 20th century. By the end of the Spanish Civil War , some 500,000 Spanish Republican refugees had crossed the border into France. From 1961 to 1974, at the height of the guest worker in Western Europe, about 100,000 Spaniards emigrated each year. The nation has formally apologized to expelled Jews and since 2015 offers the chance for people to reclaim Spanish citizenship. By 2019, over 132,000 Sephardic Jewish descendants had reclaimed Spanish citizenship. The population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of

5978-468: The country declined. By the end of this period, Spain was becoming a net emigrant country. Spanish people, like most Europeans, largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers , descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic Epigravettian culture; Neolithic Early European Farmers who migrated from Anatolia during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago; and Yamnaya Steppe herders who expanded into Europe from

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6076-429: The country, president Jacobo Árbenz and his government began the planning and construction of the Atlantic Highway, which was intended to compete with the monopoly on land transport exerted by the United Fruit Company , through one of its subsidiaries: the International Railways of Central America (IRCA), which had the concession since 1904, when it was granted by then president Manuel Estrada Cabrera . Construction of

6174-424: The culture environment into different communities can influence people to identify as Indigenous, Ladino or White. The mestizo population in Guatemala is concentrated in urban areas of the country (the national capital and departmental capitals). Genetic testing indicates that Guatemalan Mestizos are on average of predominantly indigenous ancestry. Historically the mestizo population in the Kingdom of Guatemala at

6272-422: The death of Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II rapidly led to the re-establishment of taifas. The taifas, newly independent but weakened, were quickly conquered by the kingdoms of Portugal, Castile, and Aragon. After the fall of Murcia (1243) and the Algarve (1249), only the Emirate of Granada survived as a Muslim state, tributary of Castile until 1492. In 1469 the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile signaled

6370-483: The dominant culture. The last mass prosecution against Moriscos for crypto-Islamic practices took place in Granada in 1727, with most of those convicted receiving relatively light sentences. By the end of the 18th century, Indigenous Islam and Morisco identity were considered to have been extinguished in Spain. In the 16th century, following the military conquest of most of the new continent, perhaps 240,000 Spaniards entered American ports. They were joined by 450,000 in

6468-525: The expenses, the Guatemalan government gave a concession to the American company to use the railroad along with all of its facilities without any cost; this included the port and dock in Puerto Barrios, for which the Guatemalan people and government had to pay fees for their use. Finally, in 1904, knowing the pro-American attitude of Estrada Cabrera, Minor Keith's partners, began to get concession on railroads of both Guatemala and El Salvador , and in that year, International Railways of Central American (IRCA)

6566-404: The film The New Adventures of Tarzan , was filmed on location in Guatemala, taking advantage of the help from the United Fruit Company and president Jorge Ubico . The places where the filming was made were: There is a prison in the city with an official capacity of 175 prisoners. As of 2016, it has over 900 prisoners, making it over capacity. In 2018, Desarrollos Inmobiliarios Izabal, S.A.

6664-424: The former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania. In the early eighth century, the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate that arrived to the peninsula in the year 711. The Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, termed al-Andalus , soon became autonomous from Baghdad. The handful of small Christian pockets in the north left out of Muslim rule, along

6762-404: The highway began by the Roads Department of the Ministry of Communications, with the help of the military engineering battalion. It was planned to be built parallel along the railway line, as much as possible. The construction of the new port was also aimed to break another UFCO monopoly, since Puerto Barrios was owned and operated solely by The Great White Fleet, another UFCO subsidiary. In 1935,

6860-580: The immigrant population topped over 4.5 million. These immigrants came mainly from Europe , Latin America , Asia , North Africa , and West Africa . Languages spoken in Spain include Spanish ( castellano or español ) (74%), Catalan ( català , called valencià , in the Valencian Community ) (17%), Galician ( galego ) (7%), and Basque ( euskara ) (2%). Other languages with a lower level of official recognition are Asturian ( asturianu ), Aranese Gascon ( aranés ), Aragonese ( aragonés ), and Leonese , each with their own various dialects. Spanish

6958-456: The largest empires in history , which was also one of the first global empires, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 570 million Hispanophones , making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language , after Mandarin Chinese . During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with the rise of renowned painters such as Diego Velázquez . The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote ,

7056-583: The largest population of people with ancestors from Spain. These include people of full or partial Spanish ancestry. The listings above shows the nine countries with known collected data on people with ancestors from Spain, although the definitions of each of these are somewhat different and the numbers cannot really be compared. Spanish Chilean of Chile and Spanish Uruguayan of Uruguay could be included by percentage (each at above 40%) instead of numeral size. Puerto Barrios Puerto Barrios ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾ.to ˈβa.rjos] )

7154-481: The late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the United States ). Immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. But Spain's prolonged economic crisis between 2008 and 2015 reduced economic opportunities, and both immigration rates and the total number of foreigners in

7252-562: The majority of them resided only temporarily to go to their final destination, which was the United States. The Guatemalan cuisine reflects the multicultural nature of Guatemala, in that it involves food that differs in taste depending on the region. Guatemala has 22 departments (or divisions), each of which has very different varieties of food.. For example, Antigua Guatemala is well known for its candy which makes use of many local ingredients fruits, seeds and nuts along with honey, condensed milk and other traditional sweeteners. Antigua's candy

7350-822: The mixing of Spanish and native Tagalog and Cebuano languages during Spain's rule of the country through Mexico from 1565 to 1898, is spoken in the Philippines (by roughly 1 million people). Roman Catholicism is by far the largest denomination present in Spain , although its share of the population has been decreasing for decades. According to a study by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Research in 2013 about 71% of Spaniards self-identified as Catholics , 2% other faith, and about 25% identified as atheists or declared they had no religion . Survey data for 2019 show Catholics down to 69%, 2.8% "other faith" and 27% atheist-agnostic-non-believers. Outside of Europe, Latin America has

7448-419: The next century. It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century, and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty. After the conquest of Mexico and Peru these two regions became

7546-495: The plan to connect Guatemala City to a port on the Atlantic shore through a railroad in order to be able to move the coffee produced by his own haciendas and those of his liberal partners. On 4 August 1883, he issued a decree in which a person with a salary of more than 4 pesos a month could pay 4 pesos a year over a 10-year span to finance the railroad. However, after the death of Barrios in the Battle of Chalchuapa in 1885, this plan

7644-592: The population is "other Mayan," 0.4% is indigenous non-Mayan, making the indigenous community in Guatemala about 40.3% of the population. The Garífuna , who are descended primarily from Africans who lived with and intermarried with indigenous peoples from St. Vincent, live mainly in Livingston and Puerto Barrios . The term Criollo refers to Guatemalans of mostly or fully Spanish descent. Other European ethnic groups include those of Germans , Italians , English , and Belgian descent. Other ancestry can include those from Eastern Europe and White Americans . Spanish

7742-473: The population of Puerto Barrios was 100,593. Puerto Barrios is located 297 kilometers (185 mi) northeast of Guatemala City . It is the terminus of Highway CA9 which begins at the Pacific port city of Puerto San José and traverses the country through Guatemala City . The city's population is a mix of mostly Garifuna, Maya , Afro-Caribbean (such as Afro-Jamaicans ), and other West Indian groups. Its heyday

7840-659: The presence of the Carolingian Empire near the Pyrenean range, would eventually lead to the emergence of the Christian kingdoms of León , Castile , Aragon , Portugal and Navarre . Along seven centuries, an intermittent southwards expansion of the latter kingdoms (known in historiography as the Reconquista ) took place, culminating with the Christian seizure of the last Muslim polity (the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada ) in 1492,

7938-495: The principal destinations of Spanish colonial settlers in the 16th century. In the period 1850–1950, 3.5 million Spanish left for the Americas , particularly Argentina , Uruguay , Mexico , Brazil , Chile , Venezuela , and Cuba . From 1840 to 1890, as many as 40,000 Canary Islanders emigrated to Venezuela . 94,000 Spaniards chose to go to Algeria in the last years of the 19th century, and 250,000 Spaniards lived in Morocco at

8036-630: The process of inculturation , whereby certain practices are incorporated into Catholic ceremonies and worship when they are sympathetic to the meaning of Catholic belief. Indigenous religious practices are increasing as a result of the cultural protections established under the peace accords. The government has instituted a policy of providing altars at every Mayan ruin found in the country, so traditional ceremonies may be performed there. Spaniards Hundreds of millions of Hispanic Americans of full or partial Spanish ancestry Nationals abroad: 2,183,043 Spaniards , or Spanish people , are

8134-505: The region of Perpignan . The population of Spain has become increasingly diverse due to recent immigration. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the United States ) and immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. Since 2000, Spain has absorbed more than 3 million immigrants, with thousands more arriving each year. In 2008,

8232-583: The same year Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World . During the centuries after the Reconquista, the Christian kings of Spain persecuted and expelled ethnic and religious minorities such as Jews and Muslims through the Spanish Inquisition . A process of political conglomeration among the Christian kingdoms also ensued, and the late 15th-century saw the dynastic union of Castile and Aragon under

8330-465: The sole surviving indigenous language of Iberia , Basque , as well as other Latin-descended Romance languages like Spanish itself, Catalan and Galician . Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisphere. The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during

8428-429: The time of Independence amounted to nearly 600,000 Indians , 300,000 castes (mostly mestizos and a lesser number of mulattos ), and 45,000 criollos or Spanish , with a very small number of Spaniards. The Amerindian populations in Guatemala are estimated from 41.7% to the half of population. According to the last Census, the distribution are formed by K'iche' 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9% and Q'eqchi 6.3%. 8.6% of

8526-422: The town is small, due to its harbor nature, many of its visitors are ship workers who frequent the night entertainment centers throughout the town. Puerto Barrios is starting to get more visitors in the new century as the nearby town of Santo Tomás de Castilla has started receiving cruise ships. Puerto Barrios Airport was refurbished and receives scheduled flights. Among the many nearby tourist attractions are

8624-578: The translation of some official documents and voting materials into several indigenous languages (see summary of main substantive accords) and mandate the provision of interpreters in legal cases for non-Spanish speakers. The accord also sanctioned bilingual education in Spanish and indigenous languages. It is common for indigenous Guatemalans to learn or speak between two and five of the nation's other languages, and Spanish. The Civil War forced many Guatemalans to start lives outside of their country. The majority of

8722-466: The west of the peninsula; some sources said that they became established as federates of the Roman Empire in the old Northwestern Roman province of Gallaecia (roughly, present-day northern Portugal and Galicia ). But they were largely independent and raided neighboring provinces to expand their political control over ever-larger portions of the southwest after the Vandals and Alans left. They created

8820-788: The wider urban area. This is a significant percentage of the population (14 million). The estimated median age in Guatemala is 20 years old, 19.4 for males and 20.7 years for females. This is the lowest median age of any country in the Western Hemisphere and comparable to most of central Africa and Iraq. According to the 2018 Census, about 56.57% of the population identifies as non-indigenous. The majority, or 56.01% are Ladinos , those include Mestizos , people mixed European with Amerindian, another part but visible are Whites of European descent, specially Spanish, German and Italian , (in Colonia Era, direct descendants of Spanish were called as Criollo ). The Amerindian populations as of 2002 Census include

8918-565: The worst in Guatemala's history, destroyed most of the port facilities of Puerto Barrios, and most modern cargo traffic moved to its twin port in Santo Tomás de Castilla . In the 21st century, Puerto Barrios remains an important hub for Dole and Fresh Del Monte Produce industries in addition to Chiquita , United Fruit Company 's successor. The municipality's elevation varies from sea level at Punta de Manabique to 1,276 metres or 4,186 feet above sea level at Cerro San Gil. The municipal capital

9016-471: Was also published during the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire. The population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the United States ). The diverse regional and cultural populations mainly include

9114-414: Was designated as president and inherited an enormous external debt to British banks, which forced him to search for an ally in the United States . In 1900, Estrada Cabrera authorized his Secretary of Economy, Rafael Spínola , to contract an American company, Central American Improvement Co. Inc., to finish the Northern Railroad and fix those stretches that were in disrepair on the rest of the line. To cover

9212-492: Was forgotten by his successor, general Manuel Lisandro Barillas . It was not until 1892, when José María Reina Barrios assumed power, that the railroad project was restarted. On 19 July 1895, Reina Barrios issued executive action No. 513, which established that a city was to be founded between the Escondido and Estrecho rivers, to be called Puerto Barrios . The ceremonial act of foundation took place on 5 December 1892. A part of

9310-609: Was in the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, following the construction of a railroad connecting large banana and coffee plantations with the shipping docks, all controlled by the International Railways of Central America and The Great White Fleet , both owned by the United Fruit Company . Puerto Barrios is divided into many neighborhoods or Barrios such as El Rastro, Las Champas, Los Tanques, La Veinte, La Veintedos, La Catorce, La Trece, and El Estrecho. Although

9408-575: Was incorporated in New Jersey .; the harbor was then partly built by Theodore Roosevelt's Corps of Engineers in 1906-1908. Eventually, United Fruit Company , owner of IRCA, controlled Puerto Barrios completely, as it owned the docks, the railroads, the banana production from Izabal and even the merchant fleet: the Great White Fleet. This situation remained as such until the government of Colonel Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (1951-1954), who decided to build

9506-540: Was introduced by the Spanish and was the official religion during the colonial era. However, the practice of Protestantism has increased markedly in recent decades, with nearly one third of Guatemalans identifying themselves as Protestants, chiefly Evangelicals and Pentecostals . Growth is particularly strong among the ethnic Mayan population, with National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala being an important denomination, maintaining 11 indigenous-language Presbyteries. Traditional Mayan religion persists through

9604-657: Was particularly affected by the expulsion, suffering economic collapse and depopulation of much of its territory. The Islamic legacy in Spain has been long lasting, and among many others, accounts for two of the eight masterpieces of Islamic architecture from around the world: the Alhambra of Granada and the Cordoba Mosque ; the Palmeral of Elche is listed as a World Heritage Site due to its uniqueness. Those who avoided expulsion or who managed to return to Spain merged into

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