Provinces
26-1534: The sub-provincial municipality of Shenzhen in Guangdong , China is divided into nine districts and one management new area. Shenzhen is further divided into 74 subdistricts since the latest plan in October 2016. (Source unless otherwise stated:) Longgang, Guangming, Pingshan, Longhua, Dapeng Sub-provincial division Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present A sub-provincial division ( Chinese : 副省级行政区 ; pinyin : Fùshěngjí xíngzhèngqū ) in China
52-425: A leading role in the cadre reform drive from 2005 to 2006. In June 1999, the department made efforts to prevent provincial leaders from working in their native provinces in an attempt to prevent corruption. Senior CCP leaders often carry influence in the determination of key positions. The children of Li Peng , for example, came to hold powerful jobs in the power sector where he had ruled; while Zhu Rongji oversaw
78-449: A main central urban area (the core city) surrounded by rural area, which together are divided into districts, and some surrounding counties or county-level cities (all promoted to sub-prefecture level) governed by the sub-provincial division on behalf of the province, which all have their own urban areas surrounded by their own rural areas. The original 16 municipalities were renamed as the sub-provincial municipalities on 25 February 1994 by
104-567: A mysterious veil" and historically interacted little with the public or press. Because the People's Republic of China is a one-party state , the CCP Organization Department has an enormous amount of control over state personnel. The Organization Department is indispensable to the CCP's power, and the key to its hold over personnel throughout every level of government and industry. It is one of
130-539: A province. A sub-provincial division is still administratively governed by a province, just like prefecture-level divisions. However, five of them are also cities specifically designated in the state plan ( Chinese : 计划单列市 / 計劃單列市 ), which enjoy the provincial level authority over economic issues—governmental finance, customs, economic strategy planning, economic policy, foreign economic affairs, banking, etc. Sub-provincial divisions, similar to prefectural-level divisions, are administrative units comprising, typically,
156-408: Is a prefecture-level city governed by a province promoted by half-a-level. Thus, it is half-a-level under the provincial level , and half-a-level above the prefecture-level , hence the name "sub-provincial". The promotion applies to all its subdivisions, administrative institutions, and political parties. For example, the mayor of a sub-provincial division is equal in status to a vice-governor of
182-556: Is how a Leninist ruling party staffs the state, exercising organizational hegemony over appointments and dominating the political life of the country. The central nomenklatura list comprises the top 5,000 positions in the party-state, all of which are controlled by the Organization Department. This includes all ministerial and vice-ministerial positions, provincial governorships and First Party secretary appointments, as well as appointments of university chancellors, presidents of
208-493: Is not accurate to regard Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region as a sub-provincial administrative division, which has no legal basis. Up until 2001, the Autonomous Prefecture had a 3rd prefecture as well. The directly controlled subdivisions were administered as part of Ili Prefecture (伊犁地区) The National Joint Conference of Sub-provincial City People's Congress Standing Committee Chairpersons ( 全国副省级城市人大常委会主任联席会议 ) are attended by
234-577: Is predominantly based on self-assessment. In 2018, it absorbed the former State Civil Servants Bureau. The rationale for the change was that it would better enforce the principle of "the Party controls the cadres ." The Organization Department is in charge of selecting, promoting and training Party officials and civil servants. The CCP uses the nomenklatura method ("list of names" in Soviet terminology) to determine appointments. The nomenklatura system
260-571: The Central Organization Committee out of the prefecture-level municipalities . They are mostly the capitals of the provinces in which they are located. Currently, there are 15 sub-provincial municipalities after Chongqing was designated direct-control: Chongqing was formerly a sub-provincial municipality of Sichuan until 14 March 1997, when it was made an independent municipality by splitting it out of Sichuan altogether. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps also has
286-641: The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , etc. For senior positions, the Organization Department recommends candidates to the Standing Committee, which generally approves them. Related to the nomenklatura list is the bianzhi (编制) list, which is a list of the authorized number of personnel, as well as their duties and functions in government administrative organs, state enterprises, and service organizations. The bianzhi covers those employed in these organizations, whereas
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#1732852206178312-566: The nomenklatura applies to leadership positions. However, because the CCP and its organizational departments are constantly intervening in the personnel and administrative functioning of state institutions, the parallel existence of the bianzhi and nomenklatura systems has become an obstacle to fundamental administrative reform in China. An equivalent of the Organization Department in the United States, according to The Times , would "oversee
338-484: The CCP. The Organization Department is one of the most important organs of the CCP. It forms the institutional heart of the Leninist party system. It controls party personnel assignments throughout the national system, and compiles detailed and confidential reports on future potential leaders of the CCP. The department is known for its highly secretive nature; state media outlet China News Service stated it "always wears
364-503: The Organization Department in Jilin . The local and provincial levels of the Organization Department administer examinations for the assigned graduates system ( xuandiaosheng , 选调生), which is an alternative path to civil service in China separate and distinct from the civil service examination. The examinations cover public service topics similar to those in the civil service examination, but are generally viewed as less competitive. Through
390-543: The Organization Department's strategy to enhance its control. Before the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party , a set of Temporary Regulations were amended to encourage the appointment of cadres that explicitly supported Jiang Zemin 's theory of Three Represents . Jiang's closest ally in the central government, Zeng Qinghong , who headed the Central Organization Department at
416-478: The appointments of US state governors and their deputies; the mayors of big cities; heads of federal regulatory agencies; the chief executives of General Electric , ExxonMobil , Walmart and 50-odd of the remaining largest companies; justices on the Supreme Court; the editors of The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post , the bosses of the television networks and cable stations,
442-771: The chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of all sub-provincial cities. It was proposed by the Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress in 1985. The conferences: Organization Department of the Communist Party of China The Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the human resource management department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that controls staffing positions within
468-434: The finance sector, his son became the highly paid head of China International Capital Corporation , the country's largest investment bank; and Jiang Zemin replaced others when he was the CCP official in charge of technology, putting loyalists into top jobs, and his son into a key position. According to a 2009 report, the buying and selling of official positions also takes place, particularly in small localities, where head of
494-443: The head of Pudong New Area of Shanghai and Binhai New Area of Tianjin , which is a county -level district , is given sub-provincial powers. Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture has the two prefectures of Altai and Tacheng and 11 directly-controlled county-level administrative divisions under its jurisdiction. It itself is legally only a prefecture-level division, which is a special case in China's administrative divisions. It
520-473: The key agencies of the Central Committee, along with the Central Propaganda Department , United Front Work Department and International Department . In the early 2000s, the Organization Department introduced an evaluation procedure for leading officials (the cadre system ) that aimed to assess regularly the officials' performance and success at implementing policies. David Shambaugh notes
546-470: The local Organization Department is among the most sought after positions. The job carries great discretionary power, allowing the wielder the ability to grant jobs to other individuals in return for cash. At lower levels, the practice has been characterized by bribery, corruption, treachery, and "sheer desperate self-interest," according to the Financial Times , which examined internal documents produced by
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#1732852206178572-579: The powers of a sub-provincial division. Chengdu is the largest sub-provincial municipality. It has a population exceeding that of the independent municipality of Tianjin while both Harbin and Chengdu have a bigger land area than Tianjin. In total, there are five sub-provincial municipalities that are not themselves provincial capitals. These five municipalities have been designated as the " Municipalities with Independent Planning Status " ( simplified Chinese : 计划单列市 ; traditional Chinese : 計劃單列市 ; pinyin : Jìhuá Dānliè Shì ). Additionally,
598-692: The presidents of Yale and Harvard and other big universities and the heads of think-tanks such as the Brookings Institution and The Heritage Foundation ." While the system is from the Soviet Union, "the CPC has taken it to an extreme," Yuan Weishi of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong is quoted as saying by the Financial Times . "China is more radical. [The party here] wants to lead everything." Bruce Gilley and Andrew J. Nathan write that in
624-409: The promotion of individual candidates for high positions, a good rating from the Organization Department is essential. The department judges on such qualities as "ideological probity, loyalty to the Party, attitude toward work, and ability to mobilize others." Its research on individuals slated for top positions are "probing" and assessments often acute. Internal CCP documents give frank assessments of
650-593: The promulgation of Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Party and Government Leading Cadres in July 2002, writing that the Organization Department has stepped up its evaluation of cadres, including annual appraisal reviews according to various criteria. However, research conducted by Thomas Heberer in China in 2007 revealed that an effective evaluation procedure is not yet in place. Crucial policy areas, such as environmental issues, are not being evaluated, and evaluation
676-414: The time, gave a presentation at a special training session for organization and personnel cadres before the official release of the 2002 regulations. He asserted that "the work of amending the 'temporary regulations' consists in building a stronger thought, organization, and work style within the whole Party according to the requirements of the 'Three Represents'". The Central Organization Department played
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