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21-407: Green Hills Academy School was established in 2000 A.D. (2057 B.S.). The founder of this school is Mr. Rajeshwar Pd. Yadav. This school was established in one of the rural area of Kathmandu Valley with a view to provide good education to the people of this place. The school motto reads, "knowledge is the source of light". It was established as primary school (nursery to class 5). It was upgraded to

42-515: A lower secondary school (nursery to class 8). It was upgraded to a secondary school (nursery to class 10) in 2060 B.S., and produced the first batch of students with eight students with cent percent passed result with 4 first and 4 second division. The school is situated in Tarkeshwor - '4', Kathmandu in the lap of Shivapuri National Park , about 5.5 km far from Balaju, Bypass. Shivapuri National Park Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

63-530: Is a pangolin native to the Indian subcontinent . Like other pangolins, it has large, overlapping scales on its body which act as armour . The colour of its scales varies depending on the colour of the earth in its surroundings. It can also curl itself into a ball as self-defence against predators such as the tiger . It is an insectivore feeding on ants and termites , digging them out of mounds and logs using its long claws, which are as long as its fore limbs. It

84-754: Is carried out by nomads and trained local hunters. Indian pangolin body parts have been trafficked for consumption in China since at least the early 2000s. Pangolins are the most heavily trafficked protected mammals. Other threats include habitat loss , e.g. through deforestation . The Indian pangolin is listed on CITES Appendix I since January 2017 and is protected in all range countries. Successful reproduction by Indian pangolins has been reported from several zoos, including Calcutta Zoo , Oklahoma Zoo , and Nandankanan Zoological Park . Pangolins were found to not show any significant morphological changes during pregnancy. Births in captivity have been reported throughout

105-469: Is nocturnal and rests in deep burrows during the day. It is not common anywhere in its range, and is threatened by hunting for its meat and various body parts used in traditional medicine. The Indian pangolin is a solitary, shy, slow-moving, nocturnal mammal. It is about 84–122 cm (33–48 in) long from head to tail, the tail usually being 33–47 cm (13–19 in) long, and weighs 10–16 kg (22–35 lb). Females are generally smaller than

126-505: Is the ninth national park in Nepal and was established in 2002. It is located in the country's mid-hills on the northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley and named after Shivapuri Peak at 2,732 m (8,963 ft) altitude. It covers an area of 159 km (61 sq mi) in the districts of Kathmandu , Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk , adjoining 23 Village Development Committees . In

147-485: Is well adapted to dry areas and desert regions, but prefers more barren, hilly regions. In Sri Lanka, it was sighted at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,600 ft), and in the Nilgiri mountains at 2,300 m (7,500 ft). It prefers soft and semi-sandy soil conditions suitable for digging burrows. The Indian pangolin is nocturnal and mostly active intermittently between 17:00 and 05:00 hr. The peak period of activity

168-568: The monsoon . Temperatures vary from 2–17 °C (36–63 °F) during the winter season, rising to 19–30 °C (66–86 °F) during the summer season. The typical vegetation of the park is middle hill forest from 1,000 to 1,800 m (3,300 to 5,900 ft) of altitude, consisting of: In higher elevations, a variety of medicinal herbs prosper. Botanists have recorded 129 species of mushrooms and 2,122 floral species, out of which 449 are vascular and 16 are endemic plants. Since 2002 several surveys have been carried out to determine

189-601: The Potohar region of the Punjab province, the majority of its diet was found to consist of two types of ants, Camponotus confuci and Camponotus compressus . Other matter such as plant matter, stones, sand, and clay are consumed as well and in concert with strong stomach muscles aid in breaking down the food in the stomach. The Indian pangolin is nocturnal and uses its well-developed sense of smell to locate ant nests or termite mounds and other food sources. Foraging mostly takes place on

210-415: The abundance of prey) and are created more frequently during the spring, when there is a greater availability of prey. Living burrows are wider, deeper, and more circular, and are occupied for a longer time than feeding burrows, as they are mainly used to sleep and rest during the day. After a few months, the pangolin abandons the burrow and digs a new one close to a food source. However, it is not uncommon for

231-709: The breeding behaviour of the Indian pangolin. During the animal's mating period, females and males may share the same burrow and show some diurnal activities. Males have testes in a fold of the skin located in their groin areas. The female's embryo develops in one of the uterine horns. The gestation period lasts 65–70 days; the placenta is diffuse and not deciduate. Usually, a single young is born, but twins have been reported in this species. The young weigh 235–400 g at birth and measure roughly 30 cm. The newborn animals have open eyes, and soft scales with protruding hairs between them. The mother pangolin carries her young on her tail. When

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252-594: The exception of the belly and the inside of the legs. These protective scales are rigid and made of keratin . It has 160–200 scales in total, about 40–46% of which are located on the tail. Scales are 6.5–7 cm (2.6–2.8 in) long, 8.5 cm (3.3 in) wide, and weigh 7–10 g (0.25–0.35 oz). The skin and scales make up about one-fourth to one-third of the total body mass of this species. The Indian pangolin has been recorded in various forest types, including Sri Lankan rainforest and plains to middle hill levels. It inhabits grasslands and secondary forests, and

273-734: The faunal diversity of the protected area. In a field study carried out from July 2003 to July 2004, Indian leopard , jungle cat , large Indian civet , golden jackal , Himalayan black bear , yellow-throated marten , small Indian mongoose , Himalayan goral , Indian muntjac , wild boar , rhesus monkey , Hanuman langur , Chinese pangolin , Indian crested porcupine , Royle's pika , Indian hare , orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel , fawn-colored mouse , Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew and black rat were identified. Clouded leopard , leopard cat , masked palm civet , crab-eating mongoose , Indian pangolin , rhesus macaque and yellow-throated marten , were photographed by camera traps in 2010. In

294-414: The ground but may include arboreal ants, as seen in the rainforest canopy of Sri Lanka. Pangolins tear apart and dig into mounds by using the three centre claws on their forefeet, throwing loose soil backwards with their hind feet. When feeding, the rostral part of the pangolin's tongue is quickly inserted and withdrawn to capture prey. This movement is also used for drinking. Few details are known about

315-470: The males and have one pair of mammae. The pangolin possesses a cone-shaped head with small, dark eyes, and a long muzzle with a nose pad similar in color, or darker than, its pinkish-brown skin. It has powerful limbs, tipped with sharp, clawed digits. The pangolin has no teeth, but has strong stomach muscles to aid in digestion. The most noticeable characteristic of the pangolin is its massive, scaled armour which covers its upper face and its whole body with

336-542: The mother and young are disturbed, the young pangolin is held against its mother's belly and protected by the mother's tail. The Indian pangolin is threatened by poaching for its meat and scales, which are used and consumed by local people, but are also increasingly traded internationally . Various parts of the pangolin are valued as sources of food and medicine. The scales are used as an aphrodisiac, or made into rings or charms. The skins are used to manufacture leather goods, including boots and shoes. The majority of hunting

357-403: The pangolin to shift back to an old burrow. The Indian pangolin is an almost exclusive insectivore and principally subsists on ants and termites, which it catches with a specially adapted long, sticky tongue. It is specialised to feed on ants and termites, but also forages for beetles and cockroaches. It feeds on the eggs, larvae, and adults of its prey, but eggs are the preferred choice. In

378-469: The west, the protected area extends to the Dhading District . The area has always been an important water catchment area, supplying the Kathmandu Valley with several hundred thousand cubic liter of water daily. In 1976, the area was established as a protected watershed and wildlife reserve. In 2002, it was gazetted as Shivapuri National Park, initially covering 144 km (56 sq mi). It

399-737: The western part of the park, herpetologists encountered monocled cobra , Himalayan keelback , olive Oriental slender snake , yellow-bellied worm-eating snake , variegated mountain lizard , Oriental garden lizard , many-keeled grass skink , Sikkim skink , black-spined toad , long-legged cricket frog and horned frog in the summer of 2009. Ornithologists recorded 318 species of birds including Eurasian eagle-owl , slender-billed scimitar-babbler , white-gorgeted flycatcher , barred cuckoo-dove and golden-throated barbet . Indian pangolin The Indian pangolin ( Manis crassicaudata ), also called thick-tailed pangolin and scaly anteater ,

420-478: Was extended by the Nagarjun Forest Reserve covering 15 km (5.8 sq mi) in 2009. The park includes some historical and religious sites, and a popular hiking route for local people and tourists. The park is located in a transition zone between subtropical and temperate climates. The annual precipitation of about 1,400 mm (55 in) falls mostly from May to September, with 80% during

441-627: Was observed between 20:00–21:00 hr in captive individuals with some individual variation. The Indian pangolin does not climb trees, but it does value the presence of trees, herbs, and shrubs in its habitat because it is easier to dig burrows around them. Features that promote an abundance of ants and termites like grasses, bare grounds, bases of trees, shrubs, roots, leaf litter , fallen logs and elephant feces are often present in pangolin habitats. Pangolin burrows fall into one of two categories: feeding and living burrows. Feeding burrows are smaller than living burrows (though their sizes vary depending on

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