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104-535: The Greater Baltimore Committee was founded in 1955 by a group of 83 Baltimore-based business owners. Among those founders were Frances H. Morton and James W. Rouse who saw Baltimore's struggles at the time and wanted to create a visionary organization to combat them. Its first Executive Director was David F. Woods. In 1955, the committee pushed for legislation to build the Jones Falls Expressway . Other GBC projects completed around this time include: During

208-479: A diverging diamond interchange , which opened to traffic on June 28, 2021. In York, Pennsylvania, a reconstruction of the Mt. Rose Avenue ( PA 124 ) interchange took place from 2015 to 2022 in anticipation of a future widening of I-83 around the east and north sides of the city. Also, studies are being done north of town to help ease traffic in a section heavily traveled by trucks. On October 23, 2023, work began on

312-479: A semidirectional T interchange with I-83 south of York, continuing north as a freeway for two miles (3.2 km) before the freeway ends at a partial interchange with South George Street, with a southbound exit and northbound entrance. The route continues north along George Street through downtown York, intersecting PA 74 / PA 462 before leaving the city and intersecting US 30 . Here, PA 181 begins and runs north concurrent with I-83 Bus. for

416-513: A Town on the North side of the Patapsco River." Surveyors began laying out the town on January 12, 1730. By 1752 the town had just 27 homes, including a church and two taverns. Jonestown and Fells Point had been settled to the east. The three settlements, covering 60 acres (24 ha), became a commercial hub, and in 1768 were designated as the county seat. The first printing press was introduced to

520-547: A bid to become a federally designated Tech Hub. This bid was one of only 31 selected by the Biden-Harris Administration for approval, and giving Baltimore an opportunity to become a global leader in biotech. Jones Falls Expressway Interstate 83 ( I-83 ) is an Interstate Highway located in the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania in the Eastern United States . Its southern terminus

624-689: A bridge over the Susquehanna River , where a recently built freeway section of US 22 / US 322 (Dauphin Bypass) downgrades to an undivided four-lane road. Recently, however, the Central Susquehanna Valley Thruway , a 10-mile (16 km) freeway project along the proposed corridor near Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania , has been approved and is under construction as of 2016, with the first section opening in 2022. In 2005, Walter Sondheim ,

728-591: A business route through downtown York, known as I-83 Business (I-83 Bus.). The business route follows the former path of US 111, while I-83 turns northeast and then north again to bypass the urban area. Near Pennsylvania Route 462 (PA 462), the Lincoln Highway , the Interstate turns west for a short distance, then north again to an interchange with US 30 . Beyond US 30, I-83 resumes its straight path, running due north out of York and passing to

832-589: A clash between local youth and police that resulted in a state of emergency declaration and a curfew. Baltimore has seen the reopening of the Hippodrome Theatre in 2004, the opening of the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture in 2005, and the establishment of the National Slavic Museum in 2012. On April 12, 2012, Johns Hopkins held a dedication ceremony to mark

936-593: A decline in major manufacturing, heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital and University are the top employers. Baltimore is home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball , and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League . Many Baltimore neighborhoods have rich histories. The city

1040-607: A minority. The Baltimore Council passed the ordinance, and it became law on December 20, 1910, with Democratic Mayor J. Barry Mahool 's signature. The Baltimore segregation ordinance was the first of its kind in the United States. Many other southern cities followed with their own segregation ordinances, though the US Supreme Court ruled against them in Buchanan v. Warley (1917). The city grew in area by annexing new suburbs from

1144-562: A part in the American Revolution . City leaders such as Jonathan Plowman Jr. led many residents to resist British taxes , and merchants signed agreements refusing to trade with Britain. The Second Continental Congress met in the Henry Fite House from December 1776 to February 1777, effectively making the city the capital of the United States during this period. Baltimore, Jonestown , and Fells Point were incorporated as

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1248-722: A period of dormancy in Baltimore City archaeological findings which had persisted since the 1980s. During the Late Woodland period, the archaeological culture known as the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore south to the Rappahannock River in present-day Virginia . The city is named after Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore , an English peer, member of the Irish House of Lords and founding proprietor of

1352-654: A project that will reconstruct the section of I-83 in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, from the John Harris Bridge over the Susquehanna River to the Eisenhower Interchange with I-283 and US 322. The project will be split into two contracts, with the project widening and reconstructing I-83 and rebuilding interchanges. As part of this project, a new interchange will be built with PA 230 (Cameron Street) while

1456-486: A prominent Baltimore city planner unveiled a proposal to tear down the elevated portion of the JFX that leads into downtown. In the JFX's place, President Street would be extended north to Eager Street , where the elevated section ends. City officials have since offered tentative support for the idea, though it is unlikely that any action will be taken until about 2020, when the current elevated structure will need an overhaul if it

1560-510: A short distance before I-83 Bus. ends at an interchange with I-83. PA 181 continues north past the northern terminus of I-83 Bus. From its designation in 1961 until the designation of I-376 Bus. in 2009, I-83 Bus. was the only business route of an Interstate Highway in Pennsylvania. The entire route is in York County . Baltimore City Department of Transportation Baltimore

1664-562: A six-lane underwater tunnel beneath the Inner Harbor , then turn east under the harbor, pass to the south of Fell's Point, return to the surface in the Canton area and continue to I-95. Under this plan, I-83 was expected to act mostly as a northerly spur to and from the CBD and as an easterly spur to and from the CBD; through traffic was expected to be a small proportion of the total amount making use of

1768-474: A unique skyline peppered with churches and monuments developed. Baltimore acquired its moniker "The Monumental City" after an 1827 visit to Baltimore by President John Quincy Adams . At an evening function, Adams gave the following toast: "Baltimore: the Monumental City—May the days of her safety be as prosperous and happy, as the days of her dangers have been trying and triumphant." Baltimore pioneered

1872-463: Is Monkton , reached via MD 137 . To the west of I-83, MD 137 connects with the northern terminus of MD 25, I-83's former companion to the south. The Interstate eventually crosses the Mason–Dixon line into York County, Pennsylvania , 25 miles (40 km) north of Baltimore, mere feet from a partial interchange with Freeland Road and parallel with MD 45; the latter route becomes

1976-483: Is Baltimore's nonprofit historic and architectural preservation organization, which works to preserve and promote Baltimore's historic buildings and neighborhoods. Baltimore is officially divided into nine geographical regions: North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, Northwest, and Central, with each district patrolled by a respective Baltimore Police Department . Interstate 83 and Charles Street down to Hanover Street and Ritchie Highway serve as

2080-476: Is a 90-degree turn that sometimes requires motorists to slow down just before entering it, with an advisory speed posted at 40 mph (64 km/h). The curve is located between the Guilford Avenue and Preston Street overpasses. Within the curve, the southbound JFX interchanges with MD 2 , with an exit to St. Paul Street and an entrance from Charles Street (MD 139). Having passed this curve,

2184-447: Is a direct replacement of U.S. Route 111 (US 111), a former spur of US 11 . The Jones Falls Expressway ( JFX ) is a 10.2-mile-long (16.4 km) freeway that carries I-83 from Downtown Baltimore to the northern suburbs. It is the area's true north–south artery because I-95 runs from southwest to northeast through the southern edge of the city. Its southern terminus is at Fayette Street , and its northern terminus

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2288-583: Is a neoclassical design by Benjamin Latrobe, and one of the oldest Catholic cathedrals in the United States. In 1813, Robert Cary Long Sr. built for Rembrandt Peale the first substantial structure in the United States designed expressly as a museum. Restored, it is now the Municipal Museum of Baltimore, or popularly the Peale Museum . The McKim Free School was founded and endowed by John McKim. The building

2392-573: Is at Maryland Route 25 (MD 25), just north of the Baltimore Beltway ( I-695 ). Inside Baltimore , the road is maintained not by the Maryland State Highway Administration (MDSHA), which controls most freeways in the state, but by the city's department of transportation . The freeway begins at an at-grade, four-way intersection between the JFX, Fayette Street, and President Street , located in close proximity to

2496-531: Is at a signalized intersection with Fayette Street in Baltimore, Maryland ; its northern terminus is at I-81 near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania . I-83 runs from Downtown Baltimore north to I-695 near the northern suburb of Timonium on the Jones Falls Expressway before forming a concurrency with I-695. After splitting from I-695, the route follows the Baltimore–Harrisburg Expressway north to

2600-400: Is bordered by Anne Arundel County to the south. Baltimore exhibits examples from each period of architecture over more than two centuries, and work from architects such as Benjamin Latrobe , George A. Frederick , John Russell Pope , Mies van der Rohe , and I. M. Pei . Baltimore is rich in architecturally significant buildings in a variety of styles. The Baltimore Basilica (1806–1821)

2704-550: Is home to some of the earliest National Register Historic Districts in the nation, including Fell's Point , Federal Hill , and Mount Vernon . Baltimore has more public statues and monuments per capita than any other city in the country. Nearly one third of the buildings (over 65,000) are designated as historic in the National Register , more than any other US city. Baltimore has 66 National Register Historic Districts and 33 local historic districts. The historical records of

2808-402: Is often congested during daylight hours. I-83 and westbound US 322 continue north toward US 22 and I-81, I-283 goes due south toward the turnpike and PA 283 's western terminus, and eastbound US 322 goes due east toward Hershey . Beyond this interchange, I-83 and US 322 run due north through the eastern suburbs of Harrisburg, interchanging with US 22 northeast of

2912-443: Is one of few remaining structures of its kind. It was constructed without the use of exterior scaffolding. The Sun Iron Building, designed by R.C. Hatfield in 1851, was the city's first iron-front building and was a model for a whole generation of downtown buildings. Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church , built in 1870 in memory of financier George Brown , has stained glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany and has been called "one of

3016-479: Is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland . With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census , it is the 30th-most populous US city . Baltimore was designated as an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland in 1851, and is the most populous independent city in the nation. As of 2020 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was 2,838,327, the 20th-largest metropolitan area in

3120-444: Is the tallest equilateral pentagonal building in the world at 405 feet (123 m) tall. The Harbor East area has seen the addition of two new towers which have completed construction: a 24-floor tower that is the new world headquarters of Legg Mason , and a 21-floor Four Seasons Hotel complex. The streets of Baltimore are organized in a grid and spoke pattern, lined with tens of thousands of rowhouses . The mix of materials on

3224-474: Is to remain in use. If the downtown JFX were demolished, Baltimore would join San Francisco , Boston , and Milwaukee to become among the large U.S. cities that have removed some of their downtown elevated freeways. On May 17, 2009, The Baltimore Sun revealed a plan by Rummel, Klepper & Kahl LLP, to tear down a mile (1.6 km) of the JFX to create an urban boulevard that would help connect downtown to

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3328-715: The Baltimore Convention Center (1979). Harborplace , an urban retail and restaurant complex, opened on the waterfront in 1980, followed by the National Aquarium , Maryland's largest tourist destination, and the Baltimore Museum of Industry in 1981. In 1995, the city opened the American Visionary Art Museum on Federal Hill. During the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the United States , Baltimore City Health Department official Robert Mehl persuaded

3432-461: The Baltimore Ravens football team moved into M&T Bank Stadium next to Camden Yards. Baltimore has had a high homicide rate for several decades, peaking in 1993, and again in 2015. These deaths have taken an especially severe toll within the black community. Following the death of Freddie Gray in April 2015, the city experienced major protests and international media attention, as well as

3536-597: The Fell's Point neighborhood on a six-lane elevated viaduct, before continuing east along Boston Street to junction I-95 (which was also rerouted to its current alignment) north of the Fort McHenry Tunnel . In the mid-1970s, this plan was modified due to fears that the viaduct would result in destruction of the Fell's Point area, which contains many historic properties. Under the modification, I-83 would continue south and descend into

3640-477: The Midwest . By 1820 its population had reached 60,000, and its economy had shifted from its base in tobacco plantations to sawmilling , shipbuilding , and textile production. These industries benefited from war but successfully shifted into infrastructure development during peacetime. Baltimore had one of the worst riots of the antebellum South in 1835, when bad investments led to the Baltimore bank riot . It

3744-740: The National Guard , leaving 10 dead and 25 wounded. The beginnings of settlement movement work in Baltimore were made early in 1893, when Rev. Edward A. Lawrence took up lodgings with his friend Frank Thompson, in one of the Winans tenements, the Lawrence House being established shortly thereafter at 814-816 West Lombard Street. On February 7, 1904, the Great Baltimore Fire destroyed over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours, leaving more than 70 blocks of

3848-644: The Phoenix Shot Tower . President Street continues south along the eastern edge of the central business district (CBD) to terminate at a traffic circle in Inner Harbor East . Fayette Street serves as an access route into the downtown area. Passing beneath the Orleans Street Viaduct ( US 40 ), the JFX runs north, passing near the Washington Monument . Between exits 3 and 4, there

3952-592: The Province of Maryland . The Calverts took the title Barons Baltimore from Baltimore Manor , an English Plantation estate they were granted in County Longford , Ireland . Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir , meaning "town of the big house". In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was sparsely populated, if at all, by Native Americans. The Baltimore County area northward

4056-647: The Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act , the Greater Lynchburg Chamber of Commerce and other groups in Virginia wanted I-83 extended southward to provide bypasses for Charlottesville , Lynchburg , and Danville , and to link those cities to Greensboro, North Carolina . By June 1991, Robert LaLone, director of programs for the Lynchburg Chamber, admitted that an Interstate

4160-639: The Susquehanna Trail when it reaches Pennsylvania. Throughout Pennsylvania, I-83 is named the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States Memorial Highway. I-83 enters Pennsylvania, crossing the Mason–Dixon line and passing to the east of Shrewsbury as it runs due north toward York . The route bypasses the boroughs of Loganville and Jacobus before entering the city of York. I-83 has

4264-687: The Union during the American Civil War , following the 55–12 vote by the Maryland General Assembly against secession. Later, the Union's strategic occupation of the city in 1861 ensured Maryland would not further consider secession. The Union's capital of Washington, D.C. was well-situated to impede Baltimore and Maryland's communication or commerce with the Confederacy . Baltimore experienced some of

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4368-660: The United Arab Emirates , and Michael Bloomberg . In September 2016, the Baltimore City Council approved a $ 660 million bond deal for the $ 5.5 billion Port Covington redevelopment project championed by Under Armour founder Kevin Plank and his real estate company Sagamore Development. Port Covington surpassed the Harbor Point development as the largest tax-increment financing deal in Baltimore's history and among

4472-479: The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. Public order was not restored until April 12, 1968. The Baltimore uprising cost the city an estimated $ 10 million (US$ 88 million in 2024). A total of 12,000 Maryland National Guard and federal troops were ordered into the city. The city experienced challenges again in 1974 when teachers, municipal workers , and police officers conducted strikes. By

4576-402: The deep South and by white suburbanization , the relative size of the city's black population grew from 23.8% in 1950 to 46.4% in 1970. Encouraged by real estate blockbusting techniques, recently settled white areas rapidly became all-black neighborhoods, in a rapid process which was nearly total by 1970. The Baltimore riot of 1968 , coinciding with uprisings in other cities , followed

4680-538: The 13th Street interchange will be closed. Construction on both contracts is expected to be finished in 2028. The first Interstate to be built in Baltimore was the JFX; the Greater Baltimore Committee pushed to enact legislation from the Baltimore City Council in 1955. It was the first to be constructed due to community opposition to the other planned freeways within the city. The JFX follows

4784-423: The 1950s and 1960s, GBC would also play a role in the redevelopment of Baltimore's iconic Inner Harbor . Later on, the organization would turn its attention to address quality of life issues like education to ensure that Baltimore was also developing a generation of future leaders. In 1978, GBC merged with Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Baltimore to create a single vision for the greater metropolitan region. Into

4888-540: The 1980s, GBC would continue to play a role in education with the development of projects like the CollegeBound Foundation. By the 2000s, it was beginning to turn its attention to developing industries like healthcare, financial services, and biotech. In 2022, GBC merged with the Economic Alliance of Greater Baltimore and hired new leadership for the first time in more than two decades. Mark Anthony Thomas

4992-528: The Baltimore area and inhabited primarily the north bank of the Potomac River in what are now Charles and southern Prince George's counties in the coastal areas south of the Fall Line . European colonization of Maryland began in earnest with the arrival of the merchant ship The Ark carrying 140 colonists at St. Clement's Island in the Potomac River on March 25, 1634. Europeans then began to settle

5096-760: The CBD in Colonial Park , before I-83 terminates at a three-way semidirectional interchange with I-81 . From here, US 322 continues west along I-81 south. I-83 was one of the first Interstate Highways built in Pennsylvania. Much of its routing through the state follows a freeway bypass of the since decommissioned US 111 . The route received the I-83 designation in 1960. The first section built (opened 1954) runs from PA 392 in Newberry Township north to PA 114 in Fairview Township . The entire highway

5200-402: The CBD to I-95, the rest of which carries at least eight lanes of traffic throughout the city. By 1963, the JFX was completed as far south as Guilford Avenue and, by the mid-1970s, was extended to Monument Street. By 1983, the route extended all the way to Pleasant Street, with a dead-end bridge stub indicating plans to continue south along the 3-A alignment to I-95. In September 1982, however,

5304-467: The City of Baltimore in 1796–1797. The city remained a part of surrounding Baltimore County and continued to serve as its county seat from 1768 to 1851, after which it became an independent city . The Battle of Baltimore against the British in 1814 inspired the U.S. national anthem, " The Star-Spangled Banner ", and the construction of the Battle Monument , which became the city's official emblem. A distinctive local culture started to take shape, and

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5408-442: The Europeans. In 1661 David Jones claimed the area known today as Jonestown on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. The colonial General Assembly of Maryland created the Port of Baltimore at old Whetstone Point, now Locust Point , in 1706 for the tobacco trade . The Town of Baltimore, on the west side of the Jones Falls, was founded on August 8, 1729, when the Governor of Maryland signed an act allowing "the building of

5512-470: The JFX begins to parallel MD 25 , going under the Howard Street Bridge and interchanging with Maryland Avenue and North Avenue ( US 1 / US 40 Truck ) before continuing north past Druid Lake , forming the northeastern boundary of Druid Hill Park . Running northwest out of the city center, the JFX is paralleled by its namesake river, the Jones Falls , on one side, and the Maryland Transit Administration 's Baltimore Light RailLink line on

5616-400: The JFX was the very first limited-access highway to be completed within the city of Baltimore and remained so for several years. Originally, the JFX was to continue through the Southeast Baltimore neighborhoods of Fell's Point and Canton to a junction with the then-planned I-95, but opposition from residents of those neighborhoods successfully blocked that proposal. As a result, I-83 became

5720-456: The JFX, the portion in situ was extended to Fayette Street by 1987, and the Jones Falls Boulevard project substantially rebuilt 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of President Street, across from the JFX at Fayette Street, to allow the traffic to and from the Interstate to be collected and distributed from the surrounding city streets. By 1990, the project was completed. Due to community opposition to the other freeway plans being produced by city officials,

5824-416: The National Aquarium, Camden Yards have helped revive the Inner Harbor area from what once was an exclusively industrial district full of dilapidated warehouses into a bustling commercial district full of bars, restaurants, and retail establishments. After an international competition, the University of Baltimore School of Law awarded the German firm Behnisch Architekten 1st prize for its design, which

5928-480: The United States today. Lexington Market was also a center of slave trading. Enslaved Black people were sold at numerous sites through the downtown area, with sales advertised in The Baltimore Sun . Both tobacco and sugar cane were labor-intensive crops. In 1774, Baltimore established the first post office system in what became the United States, and the first water company chartered in the newly independent nation, Baltimore Water Company, 1792. Baltimore played

6032-513: The area further north, in what is now Baltimore County . Since Maryland was a colony, Baltimore's streets were named to show loyalty to the mother country, e.g. King, Queen, King George and Caroline streets. The original county seat , known today as Old Baltimore, was located on Bush River within the present-day Aberdeen Proving Ground . The colonists engaged in sporadic warfare with the Susquehannock, whose numbers dwindled primarily from new infectious diseases, such as smallpox , endemic among

6136-431: The beginning of the 1970s, Baltimore's downtown area, known as the Inner Harbor, had been neglected and was occupied by a collection of abandoned warehouses. The nickname "Charm City" came from a 1975 meeting of advertisers seeking to improve the city's reputation. Efforts to redevelop the area started with the construction of the Maryland Science Center , which opened in 1976, the Baltimore World Trade Center (1977), and

6240-418: The border between Maryland and Pennsylvania. Upon crossing the state line, I-83 becomes the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States Memorial Highway and continues north through York toward the Harrisburg area. The route runs along the southern and eastern portion of the Capital Beltway that encircles Harrisburg before reaching its northern terminus. Most of the route south of Lemoyne, Pennsylvania ,

6344-401: The cancelation of the segment. As a result, the JFX was truncated at Fayette Street, ending at an at-grade intersection. To make up for the loss of the I-83 segment, the Jones Falls Boulevard project substantially rebuilt approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of President Street between I-83 and the downtown area to provide the capacity to absorb traffic to and from the Interstate; the project

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6448-400: The city in 1765 by Nicholas Hasselbach , whose equipment was later used in the printing of Baltimore's first newspapers, The Maryland Journal and The Baltimore Advertiser , first published by William Goddard in 1773. Baltimore grew swiftly in the 18th century, its plantations producing grain and tobacco for sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean . The profit from sugar encouraged

6552-426: The city's 1.6-mile-long (2.6 km) Francis Scott Key Bridge , which constituted a southeast portion of the Baltimore Beltway , was struck by a container ship and completely collapsed . A major rescue operation was launched with US authorities attempting to rescue people in the water. Eight construction workers, who were working on the bridge at the time, fell into the Patapsco River . Two people were rescued from

6656-433: The city's mayor to form a committee to address food problems. The Baltimore-based charity Moveable Feast grew out of this initiative in 1990. In 1992, the Baltimore Orioles baseball team moved from Memorial Stadium to Oriole Park at Camden Yards , located downtown near the harbor. Pope John Paul II held an open-air mass at Camden Yards during his papal visit to the United States in October 1995. Three years later

6760-411: The completion of one of the United States' largest medical complexes – the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore – which features the Sheikh Zayed Cardiovascular and Critical Care Tower and The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center. The event, held at the entrance to the $ 1.1 billion 1.6 million-square-foot-facility, honored the many donors including Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan , first president of

6864-409: The country. When combined the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA) had a 2020 population of 9,973,383, the third-largest in the country. Though the city is not located within or under the administrative jurisdiction of any county in the state, it is part of the Central Maryland region, together with the surrounding county that shares its name . The land that is present-day Baltimore

6968-414: The cultivation of cane in the Caribbean and the importation of food by planters there. Since Baltimore was the county seat, a courthouse was built in 1768 to serve both the city and county. Its square was a center of community meetings and discussions. Baltimore established its public market system in 1763. Lexington Market , founded in 1782, is one of the oldest continuously operating public markets in

7072-569: The downtown area burned to the ground. Damages were estimated at $ 150 million in 1904 dollars. As the city rebuilt during the next two years, lessons learned from the fire led to improvements in firefighting equipment standards. Baltimore lawyer Milton Dashiell advocated for an ordinance to bar African-Americans from moving into the Eutaw Place neighborhood in northwest Baltimore. He proposed to recognize majority white residential blocks and majority black residential blocks and to prevent people from moving into housing on such blocks where they would be

7176-402: The downtown population grew 130 percent as old commercial properties have been replaced by residential property. Still the city's main commercial area and business district, it includes Baltimore's sports complexes: Oriole Park at Camden Yards , M&T Bank Stadium , and the Royal Farms Arena ; and the shops and attractions in the Inner Harbor: Harborplace , the Baltimore Convention Center ,

7280-412: The earliest violence associated with the American Civil War . The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , the nation's oldest, was built in 1830 and cemented Baltimore's status as a transportation hub, giving producers in the Midwest and Appalachia access to the city's port . Baltimore's Inner Harbor was the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the US and a major manufacturing center. After

7384-428: The east side of the city and the Johns Hopkins Hospital . Exit numbers in Pennsylvania were changed in April 2001 from being sequence-based to distance-based . I-83 has one auxiliary route: I-283 , a connector from I-83 south to I-76 ( Pennsylvania Turnpike ) and PA 283 southeast of Harrisburg . Interstate 83 Business ( I-83 Bus. ) is a short business loop in York, Pennsylvania . It begins at

7488-566: The east–west dividing line and Eastern Avenue to Route 40 as the north–south dividing line; however, Baltimore Street is north–south dividing line for the U.S. Postal Service . Central Baltimore, originally called the Middle District, stretches north of the Inner Harbor up to the edge of Druid Hill Park . Downtown Baltimore has mainly served as a commercial district with limited residential opportunities; however, between 2000 and 2010,

7592-407: The face of these rowhouses also give Baltimore its distinct look. The rowhouses are a mix of brick and formstone facings, the latter a technology patented in 1937 by Albert Knight. John Waters characterized formstone as "the polyester of brick" in a 30-minute documentary film, Little Castles: A Formstone Phenomenon . In The Baltimore Rowhouse , Mary Ellen Hayward and Charles Belfoure considered

7696-479: The first Maryland road in the Interstate Highway System . As part of the planning for an east–west route through Baltimore, the alignment of the JFX underwent various modifications. Under the original plan for freeways in Baltimore, the 1962 Baltimore 10-D Interstate System , the JFX would have junctioned I-70N (which became I-70 in 1975) and I-95, which were planned to follow an east–west route through

7800-591: The first casualties of Civil War on April 19, 1861, when Union Army soldiers en route from President Street Station to Camden Yards clashed with a secessionist mob in the Pratt Street riot . In the midst of the Long Depression that followed the Panic of 1873 , the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company attempted to lower its workers' wages, leading to strikes and riots in the city and beyond . Strikers clashed with

7904-762: The government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives . The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC , when Paleo-Indians first settled in the region. One Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period . In December 2021, several Woodland period Native American artifacts were found in Herring Run Park in northeast Baltimore, dating 5,000 to 9,000 years ago. The finding followed

8008-400: The harbor to 480 feet (150 m) in the northwest corner near Pimlico . In the 2010 census, Baltimore has a total area of 92.1 square miles (239 km ), of which 80.9 sq mi (210 km ) is land and 11.1 sq mi (29 km ) is water. The total area is 12.1 percent water. Baltimore is almost surrounded by Baltimore County, but is politically independent of it. It

8112-735: The interchange with PA 581, I-83 is known as the Capital Beltway . The highway turns due east and crosses the Susquehanna River over the John Harris Bridge , south of Downtown Harrisburg , passing south of Paxtang before encountering I-283 and US 322 at the Eisenhower Interchange. Within the interchange, I-83 exits from itself, with each direction of traffic following a one-lane ramp; facing east, I-83's former lanes become US 322, while, facing north, I-283's lanes become I-83. The interchanges includes ramps to local roads as well. From this point northbound to exit 51, traffic

8216-399: The largest urban redevelopment projects in the country. The waterfront development that includes the new headquarters for Under Armour, as well as shops, housing, offices, and manufacturing spaces is projected to create 26,500 permanent jobs with a $ 4.3 billion annual economic impact. Goldman Sachs invested $ 233 million into the redevelopment project. In the early hours of March 26, 2024,

8320-430: The most significant buildings in this city, a treasure of art and architecture" by Baltimore magazine. The 1845 Greek Revival -style Lloyd Street Synagogue is one of the oldest synagogues in the United States . The Johns Hopkins Hospital , designed by Lt. Col. John S. Billings in 1876, was a considerable achievement for its day in functional arrangement and fireproofing. I.M. Pei's World Trade Center (1977)

8424-567: The nation's capital , before it returned to Philadelphia in March 1777. The Battle of Baltimore was pivotal during the War of 1812 , culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort McHenry , during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that would become " The Star-Spangled Banner ", designated as the national anthem in 1931. During the Pratt Street Riot of 1861 , the city was the site of some of

8528-422: The other. Closer to downtown, the light rail line peels off in a different direction, while the falls flows directly underneath the elevated freeway. After interchanging with Cold Spring Lane and Northern Parkway (between which lies Cylburn Arboretum ), the JFX exits Baltimore, entering Baltimore County . Passing close to Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital , Mount Saint Agnes College , and Jones Falls Park ,

8632-523: The path of the Jones Falls River , a natural corridor that divided the city into eastern and western segments. By the early 1960s, the JFX was completed as far as Guilford Avenue , within the city limits. It was completed as far as Pleasant Street in the downtown area by 1983, but the remaining 4.4 miles (7.1 km) to I-95 were canceled in September 1982. To compensate for the loss of the remainder of

8736-507: The route skirts the edge of Lake Roland before interchanging with Ruxton Road just south of I-695 (Baltimore Beltway). At the beltway, I-83 leaves the JFX and joins I-695 for a distance of 1.4 miles (2.3 km), where it separates from the latter route to continue onward into northern Maryland. Meanwhile, the JFX continues for another 0.5 miles (0.80 km) in a four-lane divided format before terminating at an at-grade intersection with MD 25 (Falls Road). I-83 and I-695 split off at

8840-408: The route. I-83's terminus at I-95 would have been a full three-way freeway-to-freeway interchange, with a full complement of ramps provided for access to and from Boston and O'Donnell streets. When construction began on I-95 through East Baltimore in the mid-1970s, a short six-lane section was built within the vicinity of the planned I-83 interchange. This was done in anticipation of I-83 connecting

8944-472: The rowhouse as the architectural form defining Baltimore as "perhaps no other American city". In the mid-1790s, developers began building entire neighborhoods of the British-style rowhouses, which became the dominant house type of the city early in the 19th century. Oriole Park at Camden Yards is a Major League Baseball park, which opened in 1992 and was built as a retro style baseball park. Along with

9048-599: The segment of the JFX between Pleasant Street and I-95, a distance of 4.4 miles (7.1 km), was officially withdrawn from the Interstate Highway System . Robert Douglas, then the chief of the Interstate Division for Baltimore City (IDBC), stated at the time that the very high financial costs of the I-83 extension (estimated at $ 609 million in the early 1980s [equivalent to $ 2.06 billion in 2023 ], and likely to reach $ 1 billion [equivalent to $ 3.39 billion in 2023 ] with inflation taken into account) led to

9152-400: The southern edge of the CBD, near the southeastern edge of the CBD. The JFX would end at roughly the same location where it currently does. As a result of community opposition to other portions of the 10-D System, the 1969 Baltimore 3-A Interstate and Boulevard System was adopted by the city. In this plan, the JFX would continue south along its present alignment then turn east and pass through

9256-491: The southern terminus of the Baltimore–Harrisburg Expressway, and I-695 continues its eastward trek toward Towson and Parkville . After separating from the beltway, I-83 is now known as the Baltimore–Harrisburg Expressway . Running due north away from the beltway, the route parallels MD 45 (York Road), the former route of US 111 . Passing to the west of Timonium and Cockeysville , I-83 leaves

9360-414: The suburban belt around Baltimore and enters rural Baltimore County just north of Hunt Valley at Shawan Road . I-83 and MD 45 continue to parallel one another through the northern portion of the county, with MD 45 crossing over I-83 once, at an interchange. This segment of I-83 has several sections with higher than usual gradients. The only major settlement encountered by I-83 along this stretch

9464-492: The surrounding counties through 1918, when the city acquired portions of Baltimore County and Anne Arundel County . A state constitutional amendment, approved in 1948, required a special vote of the citizens in any proposed annexation area, effectively preventing any future expansion of the city's boundaries. Streetcars enabled the development of distant neighborhoods areas such as Edmonson Village whose residents could easily commute to work downtown. Driven by migration from

9568-415: The use of gas lighting in 1816, and its population grew rapidly in the following decades, with concomitant development of culture and infrastructure. The construction of the federally funded National Road , which later became part of U.S. Route 40 , and the private Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B. & O.) made Baltimore a major shipping and manufacturing center by linking the city with major markets in

9672-478: The vicinity were reconfigured. A second project started in 2016, with work to be completed from its northern terminus at I-81 to just past the Union Deposit Road interchange. The project, completed in 2022, reconstructed two interchanges and associated overpasses, as well as widened adjacent sections of the highway to six throughlanes. The interchange with PA 851 near Shrewsbury was reconstructed into

9776-786: The water, and the bodies of the remaining six were all found by May 7. Replacement of the bridge was estimated in May 2024 at a cost approaching $ 2 billion for a fall 2028 completion. Baltimore is in north-central Maryland on the Patapsco River , close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay . Baltimore is located on the fall line between the Piedmont Plateau and the Atlantic coastal plain , which divides Baltimore into "lower city" and "upper city". Baltimore's elevation ranges from sea level at

9880-572: The west of Emigsville . North of PA 297 , I-83 is known as the Susquehanna Expressway. It maintains this name as it passes to the south and west of Valley Green , continuing north toward Harrisburg . South of Harrisburg, I-83 has an interchange with I-76 ( Pennsylvania Turnpike ). North of I-76, I-83 continues due north, passing through New Cumberland , before an interchange with the eastern terminus of PA 581 in Lemoyne . After

9984-518: Was brought in as President & CEO of the organization in December 2022 and assembled a mostly-new staff of researchers, strategists, events programmers, and communications professionals. In May 2023, GBC announced a 12-point multi-year agenda oriented around economic opportunity, transportation & infrastructure, and collective impact. GBC also formed a tech consortium consisting of 38 leading organizations in biotech and predictive healthcare to submit

10088-494: Was completed by 1987. Other roadways in the canceled I-83 corridor also benefited from major reconstruction and rehabilitation. The federal funding planned to be used for the I-83 extension was instead cross-transferred to other highway projects; routes that may have benefited include I-97 , I-195 , I-370 , and the upgrade of a portion of the John Hanson Highway to I-595 . As Congress worked toward reauthorization of

10192-526: Was completed in 1971 with the massive Eisenhower Interchange in Harrisburg. From 2012 to 2015, the I-83/PA ;581 interchange outside of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, was modified. Formerly, I-83 was reduced to one lane going northbound through the interchange, resulting in frequent traffic jams during peak travel times. The northbound part of the highway was widened, one bridge was replaced, and several exits in

10296-516: Was erected by his son Isaac in 1822 after a design by William Howard and William Small. It reflects the popular interest in Greece when the nation was securing its independence and a scholarly interest in recently published drawings of Athenian antiquities. The Phoenix Shot Tower (1828), at 234.25 feet (71.40 m) tall, was the tallest building in the United States until the time of the Civil War, and

10400-589: Was selected for the school's new home. After the building's opening in 2013, the design won additional honors including an ENR National "Best of the Best" Award. Baltimore's newly rehabilitated Everyman Theatre was honored by the Baltimore Heritage at the 2013 Preservation Awards Celebration in 2013. Everyman Theatre will receive an Adaptive Reuse and Compatible Design Award as part of Baltimore Heritage's 2013 historic preservation awards ceremony. Baltimore Heritage

10504-486: Was these riots that led to the city being nicknamed "Mobtown". Soon after the city created the world's first dental college, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery , in 1840, and shared in the world's first telegraph line , between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. , in 1844. Maryland, a slave state with limited popular support for secession , especially in the three counties of Southern Maryland, remained part of

10608-654: Was unlikely, but upgrading US 29 , with bypasses included, is more likely. The possibility of extending I-83 (rather than I-99 ) north to Rochester, New York , was discussed at the October 2002 I-99 Task Force meeting. Part of the proposed route on US 11 / US 15 , however, has since been rebuilt as a four-lane surface road that does not meet Interstate standards . Expensive additional reconstruction, including new interchanges, service roads, and realignments, would be necessary. The farthest north that I-83 could be extended currently would be Benvenue, Pennsylvania , on

10712-857: Was used as hunting ground by Paleo-Indians . In the early 1600s, the Susquehannock began to hunt there. People from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. During the American Revolutionary War , the Second Continental Congress , fleeing Philadelphia prior to its fall to British troops , moved their deliberations to Henry Fite House on West Baltimore Street from December 1776, to February 1777, permitting Baltimore to serve briefly as

10816-611: Was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock living in the lower Susquehanna River valley. This Iroquoian-speaking people "controlled all of the upper tributaries of the Chesapeake" but "refrained from much contact with Powhatan in the Potomac region " and south into Virginia. Pressured by the Susquehannock, the Piscataway tribe , an Algonquian-speaking people , stayed well south of

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