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63-702: The celebrations since 1939 have always been held a day after Peruvian Independence Day on July 28, where the Te Deum held in the Cathedral of Lima is the focal point of the celebrations. The parade formally marks the end of Independence Day festivities nationwide. Every July 28 until 1937, military parades led by the Peruvian Armed Forces were held in Lima's Plaza de Armas, adjacent to the Government Palace , right after

126-552: A religious profession , the publication of a treaty of peace, a royal coronation, etc. It is sung either after Mass or the Divine Office or as a separate religious ceremony. The hymn also remains in use in the Anglican Communion and some Lutheran Churches in similar settings. Originally, the hymn Te Deum was written on a Gregorian chant melody. The petitions at the end of the hymn (beginning Salvum fac populum tuum ) are

189-421: A Te Deum service on December 31 of each year. It is also celebrated in some South American countries such as Argentina , Chile , and Peru on their national days. The text has been set to music by many composers, with settings by Zelenka , Handel , Haydn , Mozart , Berlioz , Verdi , Bruckner , Furtwängler , Dvořák , Britten , Kodály , and Pärt among the better known. Jean-Baptiste Lully wrote

252-507: A dramatic performance of the initial part of the Te Deum at the end of Act I. The traditional chant melody was the basis for elaborate Te Deum compositions by notable French composer organists, Louis Marchand , Guillaume Lasceux , Charles Tournemire (1930), Jean Langlais (1934), and Jeanne Demessieux (1958), which are still widely performed today. A version by Father Michael Keating is popular in some Charismatic circles. Mark Hayes wrote

315-474: A selection of verses from the book of Psalms , appended subsequently to the original hymn. The hymn follows the outline of the Apostles' Creed , mixing a poetic vision of the heavenly liturgy with its declaration of faith. Calling on the name of God immediately, the hymn proceeds to name all those who praise and venerate God, from the hierarchy of heavenly creatures to those Christian faithful already in heaven to

378-675: A setting of Te Deum for the court of Louis XIV of France , and received a fatal injury while conducting it. Michel Richard de Lalande wrote a setting of the Te Deum, S.32. The prelude to Marc-Antoine Charpentier's setting ( H.146 ) is well known in Europe on account of its being used as the theme music for Eurovision network broadcasts of the European Broadcasting Union , most notably the Eurovision Song Contest and Jeux Sans Frontières . He wrote also three other settings of

441-414: A setting of the text in 2005, with Latin phrases interpolated amid primarily English lyrics. In 1978, British hymnodist Christopher Idle wrote God We Praise You , a version of the text in 8.7.8.7.D meter, set to the tune Rustington . British composer John Rutter has composed two settings of this hymn, one entitled Te Deum and the other Winchester Te Deum . Igor Stravinsky set the first 12 lines of

504-620: A short religious service (of blessing or thanks) that is based upon the hymn. It continues in use in many contexts by several denominations. In particular it is the core of a short church service of thanksgiving held, often at short notice, to celebrate good news such as a military victory, the signing of a peace treaty, or the birth of a royal child. Authorship of the hymn is traditionally ascribed to Saint Ambrose (died 397) or Saint Augustine (died 430). In 19th-century scholarship, Saint Hilary of Poitiers (died 367) and Saint Nicetas of Remesiana (died 414) were proposed as possible authors. In

567-432: A sun rising behind mountains by the sea. The symbolism of the flag's colors is uncertain, but according to Peruvian author Abraham Valdelomar , San Martín, having arrived on the coast of southern Pisco , was inspired by the colors of parihuanas , red-and-white flamingos . Historians of the early Peruvian Republic, such as Leguía y Martínez and Pareja Paz Soldán, give a different explanation, suggesting that San Martín took

630-524: A white square with the coat of arms ( Escudo de Armas ) on a red field. It is used on warships, usually with the ensign of the highest-ranking officer on board above it. During the Viceroyalty of Peru , the colonial-era Spanish flag flew over Peru. In 1820, during the struggle for independence, British -born General William Miller hoisted in Tacna the first flag that represented the emerging country. Though

693-709: Is a Latin Christian hymn traditionally ascribed to a date before AD 500, but perhaps with antecedents that place it much earlier. It is central to the Ambrosian hymnal , which spread throughout the Latin Church with other parts of the Ambrosian Rite of Milan in the 6th to 8th centuries. It is sometimes known as the Ambrosian Hymn, although authorship by Saint Ambrose is unlikely. The term Te Deum can also refer to

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756-497: Is in thee. O Lord, in thee have I trusted : let me never be confounded. O God, we praise you; O Lord, we acclaim you. Eternal Father, all the earth reveres you. All the angels, the heavens and the Pow'rs of heaven, Cherubim and Seraphim cry out to you in endless praise: Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts, heaven and earth are filled with the majesty of your glory. The glorious choir of Apostles sings to you,

819-521: Is marked with the coat of arms ( Escudo de Armas ). It is used during ceremonies in which the National Flag is hoisted in the presence of spectators (as opposed to a static, permanent flag). A form of this flag, the national standard ( estandarte nacional ) is used indoors by official and private institutions. It is used for the Government Palace , the United Nations , etc. It is also used by

882-701: Is retained by many churches of the Reformed tradition . The hymn is in regular use in the Catholic Church , Lutheran Church, Anglican Church and Methodist Church (mostly before the Homily) in the Office of Readings found in the Liturgy of the Hours , and in thanksgiving to God for a special blessing such as the election of a pope, the consecration of a bishop, the canonization of a saint,

945-524: The Book of Common Prayer , verse is written in half-lines, at which reading pauses, indicated by colons in the text. The Enchiridion Indulgentiarum of 2004 grants plenary or partial indulgence under certain circumstances. A Te Deum service is a short religious service, based upon the singing of the hymn, held to give thanks. In Sweden , for example, it may be held in the Royal Chapel in connection with

1008-513: The Peru national football team . The war flag ( bandera de guerra ), similar to the state flag, is marked with the national shield ( Escudo Nacional ). It is flown by the Peruvian military and national police and is typically inscribed with the service, name and number of the unit flying it. The naval jack ( bandera de proa ) is not based on the triband. It is a square flag, consisting of

1071-560: The Triduum ) and on all ferias during Eastertide . Before the 1961 reforms of Pope John XXIII , neither the Gloria nor the Te Deum were said on the feast of the Holy Innocents , unless it fell on Sunday, as they were martyred before the death of Christ and therefore could not immediately attain the beatific vision . In the Liturgy of the Hours of Pope Paul VI , the Te Deum is sung at

1134-575: The 20th century, especially Ernst Kähler (1958), have shown the association with "Nicetas" to be spurious. The Te Deum has structural similarities with a eucharistic prayer and it has been proposed that it was originally composed as part of one. The hymn was part of the Old Hymnal since it was introduced to the Benedictine order in the 6th century, and it was preserved in the Frankish Hymnal of

1197-459: The 20th century, the association with Nicetas has been deprecated, so that the hymn, while almost certainly dating to the 4th century, is considered as being of uncertain authorship. Authorship of Nicetas of Remesiana was suggested by the association of the name "Nicetas" with the hymn in manuscripts from the 10th century onward, and was particularly defended in the 1890s by Germain Morin . Hymnologists of

1260-673: The 8th century. It was, however, removed from the New Hymnal which became prevalent in the 10th century. It was restored in the 12th century in hymnals that attempted to restore the praiseful intent of the Rule of St. Benedict, Chap. 12: How the Morning Office Is to Be Said. In the traditional office , the Te Deum is sung at the end of Matins on all days when the Gloria is said at Mass; those days are all Sundays outside Advent , Septuagesima , Lent , and Passiontide ; on all feasts (except

1323-724: The Armed Forces and the National Police. After this is done, he then gives the order to commence the flag ceremony. The flag raising (to the tune of the March of the Flags), the playing of the National Anthem of Peru and a tribute to all deceased active and retired military and police personnel then follow, and then the guard of honor battalion is ordered by the PC to march off. But there are times that

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1386-776: The Canticle following the First Lesson. It is appointed for (1) Sundays except in Pre-Lent and Lent, (2) Feasts and Solemnities, and (3) all days during the Octaves of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost. It is also used together with the standard canticles in Morning Prayer as prescribed in the Anglican Book of Common Prayer , as an option in Morning Prayer or Matins for Lutherans , and

1449-451: The Church spread throughout the world. The hymn then returns to its credal formula, naming Christ and recalling his birth, suffering and death, his resurrection and glorification. At this point the hymn turns to the subjects declaiming the praise, both the universal Church and the singer in particular, asking for mercy on past sins, protection from future sin, and the hoped-for reunification with

1512-462: The Constituent Congress changed the design of the flag by promulgating the law of national symbols. The fundamental change was the image of the sun for the brand new coat of arms, designed by José Gregorio Paredes and Francisco Javier Cortés. In this way, the flag was definitely constituted by two vertical bands of red at the ends and white at the center, with the coat of arms at the center of

1575-599: The February 5 coup d'état against the military government, it was suspended by President General Francisco Bermundez, and stayed that way for 3 more years. The parades returned to Avenida Brazil in 1979, in time for the 100th year of the War of the Pacific , and remained so until 1984. In 1985, the parade moved to Admiral Grau Plaza to celebrate the 150th birth anniversary of the Gentleman of

1638-731: The Lord. All the earth doth worship thee : the Father everlasting. To thee all Angels cry aloud : the Heavens, and all the Powers therein. To thee Cherubin and Seraphin : continually do cry, Holy, Holy, Holy : Lord God of Sabaoth; Heaven and earth are full of the Majesty ;: of thy glory. The glorious company of the Apostles ;: praise thee. The goodly fellowship of

1701-537: The Peruvian Army and recipients of Army programs for the poor and indigenous peoples marched past the tribune, plus alumni of Armed Forces educational institutions. The 2011 parade, the first under President Ollanta Humala , marked the nation's 190th year of nationhood and for the first time, the Peruvian Army Reserve, civil militias of the Armed Forces as well as contingents from all over South America joined

1764-675: The Peruvian Firefighters Corps plus a delegation of the BECA 18 program and veterans of the nation's peacekeeping service, and the historical segment as a whole was disbanded, thus the services on parade had their historical formations joining them. For the first time the Peruvian Naval School and the Naval Technological and Training Center fielded historical companies and color guards wearing Peruvian Navy uniforms worn during

1827-694: The Prophets ;: praise thee. The noble army of Martyrs : praise thee. The holy Church throughout all the world : doth acknowledge thee; The Father : of an infinite Majesty; Thine honourable, true : and only Son; Also the Holy Ghost ;: the Comforter. Thou art the King of Glory : O Christ. Thou art the everlasting Son : of the Father. When thou tookest upon thee to deliver man : thou didst not abhor

1890-495: The Republic, who replaced San Martín provisionally when the latter traveled to Guayaquil , decreed a new design for the flag. This consisted of a horizontal triband, with a white band between two red ones, and a golden Inti at the center, similar to the flag of Argentina. This modification was justified, according to Torre Tagle, by the inconvenience in the construction of the previous version, among other issues. A problem came up on

1953-724: The Seas, Grand Admiral of Peru Miguel Grau , the Peruvian naval hero of the War of the Pacific. But starting the next year, President of Peru Alan García decided to hold the parade in the Plaza Mayor for the first time in years, due to security reasons. The parades held there lasted until 1989, and in 1990 returned to the Campo del Marte, where it stayed until 1992. In 1993, the parades, now presided by President Alberto Fujimori , returned to Avenida Brasil, but for

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2016-765: The Te Deum at the City Cathedral. But on July 28, 1921, after the Te Deum the military parade was held in Plaza Bolivar to celebrate the nation's centennial year. In 1938, the parades were moved to the Campo de Marte , at the site of the old Sta. Beatriz Hippodrome. It stayed there until 1960. The next year, emulating the Chilean style holiday system, the parade moved to its new date of July 29, where it stays to this day. The parade moved to Lima's Avenida Brasil on July 29, 1961, and would stay there until 1974. The next year, months after

2079-724: The Te Deum: H.145, H.147, H.148. Henry Desmarets , two settings of Te Deum (1687). Louis-Nicolas Clérambault wrote three settings of the Te Deum: C.137, C.138, C.155. Earlier it had been used as the theme music for Bud Greenspan 's documentary series, The Olympiad . Sir William Walton 's Coronation Te Deum was written for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Other English settings include those by Thomas Tallis , William Byrd , Henry Purcell , Edward Elgar , Richard St. Clair and Herbert Howells , as well as five settings by George Frideric Handel and three settings by Charles Villiers Stanford . Puccini 's opera Tosca features

2142-1045: The Virgin's womb. When thou hadst overcome the sharpness of death :   thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all believers. Thou sittest at the right hand of God : in the glory of the Father. We believe that thou shalt come : to be our Judge. We therefore pray thee, help thy servants :   whom thou hast redeemed with thy precious blood. Make them to be numbered with thy Saints : in glory everlasting. [added later, mainly from Psalm verses:] O Lord, save thy people :   and bless thine heritage. Govern them : and lift them up for ever. Day by day : we magnify thee; And we worship thy Name : ever world without end. Vouchsafe, O Lord : to keep us this day without sin. O Lord, have mercy upon us : have mercy upon us. O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us :   as our trust

2205-944: The Virgin's womb; you overcame the sting of death and opened wide the Kingdom of Heaven to those who put their faith in you. You are seated at the right hand of God in the glory of the Father. We believe you are the Judge who is to come.   And so we beg you, help your servants, redeemed by your most precious blood. Number them among your saints in eternal glory. [added later, mainly from Psalm verses:] Save your people, Lord, and bless your inheritance. Shepherd them and raise them to eternal life. Day by day, we bless you and praise your name for endless ages evermore. Be gracious, Lord, on this day, and keep us from all sin. Have mercy on us, O Lord, have mercy. May your mercy be upon us, Lord, as we place our trust in you. In you, O Lord, I rest my hope: let me never be put to shame. In

2268-465: The War of the Pacific, while the Peruvian Army increased their historical units to eight. The RPP Noticias coverage of the parade was the first to include an online and mobile voting scheme to select the best contingents of this year's parade. 2014 saw the first parade by the Naval School and the Naval Technological and Training Center having their contingents marching in the historic dress uniforms worn

2331-584: The World ( https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xi_pb.html . After the dissolution of the Confederation, the old Republic of Peru was restored to its 1836 composition, as were its national symbols. After the War of the Pacific , the coat of arms in the flag was slightly altered to represent the territory lost after the Treaty of Ancón . In 1950, President Odría modified the national flag to its current form, removing

2394-592: The anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho , still in the Campo de Marte. It was the first time that the motorized parade started off first and after the historical troops and the UN peacekeepers contingent, the foot parade was divided into three segments: military schools, military NCO schools, and active units. In 2010, the parades came back in the Avenida Brasil venue, and for the first time civil contingents representing veterans of

2457-659: The battalion is ordered to stand at ease until the massed bands arrive when it marches off. Before the bands would arrive the Commanding General, Lima Garrison informs the President of his permission to commence the parade, which is then approved. Afterwards, he drives off the stage in order for the Massed Bands to march in. The Massed Bands, made up of the central bands of the Army, Navy, Air Force and National Police then march on to

2520-440: The battlefields: the resemblance with the Spanish flag , especially from far away, made the distinction between the armies difficult, which led to a new change to the flag. On 31 May 1822, Torre Tagle changed the flag's design again. The new version was a vertical triband, with red outer bands and a white middle band, with a golden sun representing Inti at the center. On 25 February 1825, during Simón Bolívar 's administration,

2583-424: The birth of a prince or princess, christenings, milestone birthdays, jubilees and other important events within the royal family of Sweden. In Luxembourg , a service is held annually in the presence of the grand-ducal family to celebrate the Grand Duke's Official Birthday , which is also the nation's national day, on either 23 or 24 June. In the Autonomous Region of Madeira , the Bishop of Funchal holds

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2646-690: The blood that was spilled by the fallen freedom fighters that fought for the independence of the country. White represents purity and peace. However, the colours are also linked to the Chilean flamingo , or parihuana , a red and white type of flamingo that General San Martín dreamed about during the revolution. The current colors of the Peruvian flag were taken of the design of San Martín and Torre Tagle . The reasons why red and white were chosen are unknown. Official tones determined by Peruvian laws do not exist. However, there are some particular initiatives in approximated equivalents in multiple color models, some in tones close to crimson . At official level,

2709-494: The coat of arms from the civil flag, since it was used de facto , being easier to make. The national ensign and war flag were created for exclusive uses, each with a variant of the coat of arms, which was also changed slightly. These remain as the official flags today. The Marcha de Banderas ( Spanish : March of Flags) is a military march sung during the flag raising. It was created in 1897 by SM Jose Sabas Libornio Ibarra who said President Nicolás de Piérola , he disagreed with

2772-1687: The elect. Te Deum laudámus: te Dominum confitémur. Te ætérnum Patrem omnis terra venerátur.   Tibi omnes Angeli; tibi cæli et univérsae potestátes. Tibi Chérubim et Séraphim incessábili voce proclámant: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Dóminus Deus Sábaoth. Pleni sunt cæli et terra majestátis glóriæ tuæ. Te gloriósus Apostolórum chorus; Te Prophetárum laudábilis númerus; Te Mártyrum candidátus laudat exércitus. Te per orbem terrárum sancta confitétur Ecclésia: Patrem imménsæ majestátis; Venerándum tuum verum et únicum Fílium; Sanctum quoque Paráclitum Spíritum. Tu Rex glóriæ, Christe. Tu Patris sempitérnus es Fílius. Tu ad liberándum susceptúrus hóminem, non horruísti Vírginis úterum. Tu, devícto mortis acúleo,   aperuísti credéntibus regna cælórum. Tu ad déxteram Dei sedes, in glória Patris. Judex créderis esse ventúrus. Te ergo quǽsumus, tuis fámulis súbveni,   quos pretióso sánguine redemísti. Ætérna fac cum sanctis tuis in glória numerári. [added later, mainly from Psalm verses:] Salvum fac pópulum tuum, Dómine,   et bénedic hæreditáti tuæ. Et rege eos, et extólle illos usque in ætérnum. Per síngulos dies benedícimus te. Et laudámus nomen tuum in sǽculum, et in sǽculum sǽculi. Dignáre, Dómine, die isto sine peccáto nos custodíre. Miserére nostri, Dómine, miserére nostri. Fiat misericórdia tua, Dómine, super nos,   quemádmodum sperávimus in te. In te, Dómine, sperávi: non confúndar in ætérnum. We praise thee, O God : we acknowledge thee to be

2835-417: The end of the Office of Readings on all Sundays except those in Lent, on all solemnities, on the octaves of Easter and Christmas, and on all feasts. The revised Handbook of Indulgences (fourth edition) grants a plenary indulgence , under the usual conditions, to those who recite it in public on New Year's Eve . In the Daily Office of the Catholic Ordinariates the Te Deum is sung at Morning Prayer as

2898-460: The first time, the parade happened on July 27, the eve of Independence Day. The parades stayed on that location until 1996, and then returned to the Campo de Marte from 1997 to 1999. In 2000, the parades were held at the Peruvian Army Headquarters Parade Ground for the first time, due to anti-government protests against the disputed election results. For the first time in 2001, the parade, due to President Alejandro Toledo 's visit to Cusco on July 29,

2961-533: The governmental communications have used diverse shades of red. The civil flag or ensign ( bandera nacional ) is used by citizens. It has no additions to the common form. It was changed several times; before 1950 it looked like the current national flag and was used as both the civil and the state flag, when General Manuel A. Odría removed the coat of arms from the flag and created the state and war flags. The Civil flag lacks coat of arms . The state flag ( pabellón nacional ), used by state institutions,

3024-442: The grounds. When the bands form up the parade starts marching, led by the Commanding General, Lima Garrison (who also serves as the parade commander), usually the billet of a Lieutenant General, and his staff. Then the historical segment begins, led by color guards of the 6 units on parade: The historical segment leads the marchpast in quick time of the Peruvian Armed Forces (in several occasions several units marched in double time on

3087-902: The indiscriminate interpretation of the National Anthem at all official events that were derived from civic events. In December of that year was officially recognized to be executed in any official act. Arriba, arriba, arriba el Perú y su enseña gloriosa inmortal, llevad en alto siempre la bandera nacional. Tal la llevaron con gloria y honor, héroes peruanos de invencible ardor. Arriba, arriba siempre la bandera nacional. Es la bandera del Perú, de blanco y rojo color, cual llamarada de amor, que en Ayacucho y en Junín victoriosa amaneció con el sol de la Libertad Todo peruano ha de sentir, vibrar en su corazon amor al patrio pendón, y bajo sus pliegues luchar, y si fuera menester por sus lauros y honor morir. Long live, long live, long live Peru and its glorious immortal ensign, always carry aloft

3150-417: The middle band. From 1836 to 1839, Peru was temporarily dissolved into the Republics of South Peru and North Peru , which joined Bolivia to form the Peru–Bolivian Confederation . The South was formed first, thus adopting a new flag: a red vertical band on the left, with a golden sun and four small stars above (representing Arequipa , Ayacucho , Cuzco and Puno , the four groups of the republic), and

3213-515: The national flag. They carried it thusly, with glory and honor, Peruvian heroes with invincible ardor. Going up, always up, the national flag. This is the flag of Peru, of white and red in color, as a flame of love, which in Ayacucho and Junín it dawned victorious with the Sun of Liberty Every Peruvian shall feel in his heart vibrating, the love for the national flag and fight under its folds, and if ever needed for its laurels and honor, die. In all occasions today

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3276-424: The noble company of prophets praises you, the white-robed army of martyrs glorifies you, Holy Church throughout the earth proclaims you, Father of boundless majesty, with your true and only Son, worthy of adoration, and the Holy Spirit, Paraclete. You, O Christ, are the King of glory, you are the Father's everlasting Son; when you resolved to save the human race, you did not spurn

3339-419: The original flag itself is now lost, it was described as navy blue with a golden sun in the center representing Inti . The first flag of the Republic of Peru was created by General José de San Martín , and officially decreed on 21 October 1820. It is diagonally quartered, with white upper and lower fields, and the others red. The flag was defaced with an oval-shaped laurel crown in the center, surrounding

3402-429: The parade march past. 2012 saw the first school participation in the parade for the first time, and the order in the historical segment reflected the order of appearance of the Armed Forces and the National Police, and for the first time in that segment, the Chavin de Huantar Commando Company placed last. 2013's parade was the first to include appearances from the National Penetencial Institution and ground formations of

3465-414: The parade). In recent years however foreign contingents have led the parade together with reserve and indigenous military units and alumni from the Leoncio Prado Military Academy . Te Deum The Te Deum ( / t eɪ ˈ d eɪ əm / or / t iː ˈ d iː əm / , Latin: [te ˈde.um] ; from its incipit , Te Deum laudamus ( Latin for 'Thee, God, we praise'))

3528-402: The red from the flag of Chile and the white from the flag of Argentina , recognizing the provenance of the men of the liberation army. Historian Jorge Fernández Stoll thinks in 1820 San Martin was in favor of a constitutional monarchy , and he chose to use monarchical symbols and colors: Castile used the red and white colors for many years, the old flag of the viceroyalty the cross of Burgundy

3591-421: The right side divided into an upper green band and a lower white one. The North kept the currency and all of the dissolved Peru, including its flag. The flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation showed the coats of arms of Bolivia, South and North Peru, from left to right and slanted at different angles, on a red field, adorned by a laurel crown . Another version of the flag of the confederacy is offered by Flags of

3654-516: The text as part of The Flood in 1962. Antony Pitts was commissioned by the London Festival of Contemporary Church Music to write a setting for the 2011 10th Anniversary Festival. The 18th-century German hymn Großer Gott, wir loben dich is a free translation of the Te Deum, which was translated into English in the 19th century as " Holy God, We Praise Thy Name ." Flag of Peru The Flag of Peru ( Spanish : Bandera del Perú ), often referred to as The Bicolour ( la Bicolor ),

3717-410: The tribune in which the principal reviewing officers will watch the parade proceedings. As the President arrives escorted by troopers and the mounted band of the Presidential Life Guard Dragoons Regiment (Presidential Life-Guard Escort of the Republic of Peru), the parade commander and Commanding General, Lima Garrison gives the order to begin the review of the guard of honor composed of the members of

3780-409: The year before by the leading companies. The Dragoon Guards Regimental Band mounted a mini-concert before the mounted column segment. After a one year break, the parade returned in the Army Headquarters in 2021 and in Avenida Brasil in 2023. In each of the venues mentioned earlier, a long grandstand with red and white banners and cockades (the colors of the Flag of Peru ) is built. The stage includes

3843-404: Was adopted by the government of Peru in 1825, and modified in 1950. According to the article 49 of the Constitution of Peru , it is a vertical triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. Depending on its use, it may be defaced with different emblems, and has different names. Flag day in Peru is celebrated on 7 June, the anniversary of the Battle of Arica . Red represents

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3906-402: Was held in the Avenida Brasil on July 30. The next year, it returned to the Campo de Marte until 2004, then came back to the Avenida Brasil location from 2005 to 2007, and came back to the Campo de Marte in 2008. The 2009 parade, originally scheduled for July 29, was held off (due to the AH1N1 epidemic) until December 8, the feast of the Immaculate Concepcion and on the eve of Peruvian Army Day and

3969-458: Was red and white and the flag's diagonal lines mimicked the cross shape, the red color was the royal symbol of the mascaipacha of Inca kings and of the ensign of the Spanish king at that time. The flag proved difficult to adopt due to its complex construction; without standardized measurements in place at the time, a triangular flag proved difficult to build. In March 1822, José Bernardo de Tagle , Marquis of Torre Tagle and Supreme Delegate of

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