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95-522: The academy is located in Traverse City, Michigan , on Grand Traverse Bay in Lake Michigan . The Great Lakes Maritime Academy was established in 1969 to provide education and training to those wanting a career in the merchant marine. The academy trains mates (pilots), and maritime engineers. The summer of 2002 brought the arrival of the 224-foot (68 m) training ship, a former Navy vessel, now named

190-643: A Traverse City Railroad Company spur from the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad line at Walton Junction . The railroad tracked along the Boardman River and along Boardman Lake into Traverse City, and ended at a station along the Grand Traverse Bay, at the corner of present-day Grandview Parkway and Park Street. This new line of transportation from Southern Michigan opened up the area to settlement and industrial development. Many more people started flocking to

285-505: A 32-mile-long (51 km) bay of Lake Michigan . Grand Traverse Bay is divided into arms by the 18-mile-long (29 km) Old Mission Peninsula , which is attached at its base to Traverse City. The city borders four townships– East Bay , Elmwood , Garfield , and Peninsula –all of which contain substantial suburban sprawl. Traverse City is nicknamed "the Cherry Capital of the World", as

380-462: A binational comprehensive deep waterway along the St. Lawrence were made in the 1890s. In the following decades, developers proposed a hydropower project as inseparable from the seaway; the various governments and seaway supporters believed the deeper water to be created by the hydro project was necessary to make the seaway channels feasible for oceangoing ships. U.S. proposals for development up to and including

475-482: A day between the hours of 07:00 and 19:00 from June 15 to September 15. A list of organisations that serve the seaway in some fashion, such as chambers of commerce and municipal or port authorities, is available at the SLSDC website. A 56-page electronic "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System" Directory is published by Harbor House Publishers. Map of the world Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway from 1959, depicting

570-505: A federally protected sand dune on Lake Michigan, is located about 20 miles (32 km) west-northwest of Traverse City, in the southwest of Leelanau County. Traverse City is laid out in a grid plan , with major streets running east–west and north–south. The tallest building, at 10 stories, is the Park Place Hotel . The City of Traverse City officially recognizes the following neighborhood associations : The city also recognizes

665-482: A few years prior in 1951. The former high school building was converted to Traverse City Junior High. In 1997, the high school split into Traverse City Central and Traverse City West High Schools due to extreme overcrowding at the 1960s building. In 1989, the Traverse City State Hospital closed, leaving hundreds without jobs, massive abandoned buildings, and many homeless former patients. Since 2000,

760-550: A hydropower dam would change the water levels, it required bilateral cooperation.) The International Joint Commission issued an order of approval for joint construction of the dam in October 1952. U.S. Senate debate on the bill began on January 12, 1953, and the bill emerged from the House of Representatives Committee of Public Works on February 22, 1954. It received approval from the Senate and

855-620: A nautical link would lead to the development of the communities and economies of the Great Lakes region by permitting the passage of oceangoing ships. In this period, exports of grain, along with other commodities, to Europe were an important part of the national economy. Negotiations on the treaty resumed in 1938, and by January 1940 substantial agreement was reached between Canada and the United States. By 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Mackenzie King made an executive agreement to build

950-464: A peninsula, and dividing it from the Grandview Parkway . The river terminates at Grand Traverse Bay northeast of downtown Traverse City. The river's 287-square-mile (740 km ) watershed contributes one-third of the water volume to the bay and is one of Michigan's top-ten fisheries, with more than 36 miles (58 km) of its 179 miles (288 km) designated as a Blue Ribbon trout fishery. It

1045-500: A pie-eating contest, and cherries. The Traverse City Film Festival was held in July and August from 2005 to 2019. The Great Lakes Equestrian Festival features jumping, show hunting and equestrian competitions. Traverse City State Park , with about 250 campsites, is located east of the city, and features a beach on the East Bay arm of Grand Traverse Bay. The Boardman River Nature Center

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1140-581: A prominent Michigan Republican , used his political influence to secure its location in Traverse City. Under the supervision of prominent architect Gordon W. Lloyd , the first building, known as Building 50, was constructed in Victorian - Italianate style according to the Kirkbride Plan . The hospital opened in 1885 with 43 residents. Under Dr. James Decker Munson, the first superintendent from 1885 to 1924,

1235-461: A ship 740 feet (230 m) long by 78 feet (24 m) feet wide (the Seawaymax limit). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a study to expand the St. Lawrence Seaway, but the plan was scrapped in 2011 because of tight budgets. There are seven locks in the St. Lawrence River portion of the seaway. From downstream to upstream they are: Water Level Elevations: There are eight locks on

1330-544: A small portion of the city extends northwesterly into Leelanau County. This portion was annexed by the city in 1989. Traverse City is located in the northwest of Michigan's Lower Peninsula , and is located at the head of Grand Traverse Bay, a long, natural harbor separated from the waters of Lake Michigan by the Leelanau Peninsula . The bay is divided into an East Arm and West Arm by the Old Mission Peninsula ,

1425-478: A spring festival. Also in 1925, Munson Medical Center opened, and has since grown to serve much of Northern Michigan and serves as one of Traverse City's largest employers. In 1929, Traverse City's first airport, Ransom Field, opened, offering flights to Grand Rapids . It closed in 1936, when the new Traverse City Airport (now called Cherry Capital Airport ) was opened. In 1953 the grounds of Ransom Field were redeveloped as Memorial Gardens Cemetery. In 1934,

1520-488: A thin strip of rolling hills and farmland known for its cherry crop and viticulture industry. As Traverse City contains shores on both of Grand Traverse Bay's East and West Arms, one cannot access the Old Mission Peninsula without entering Traverse City. The Boardman River is a prominent river bisecting Traverse City from south to north. It also snakes through Traverse City's downtown district, effectively forming

1615-625: Is 1,200 ft (365.8 m) long, 110 ft (33.5 m) wide and 32 ft (9.8 m) deep. A vessel's draft is another obstacle to passage on the seaway, particularly in connecting waterways such as the St. Lawrence River. The depth in the seaway's channels is 41 ft (12.5 m) ( Panamax -depth) downstream of Quebec City , 35 ft (10.7 m) between Quebec City and Deschaillons , 37 ft (11.3 m) to Montreal, and 27 ft (8.2 m) upstream of Montreal. Channel depths and limited lock sizes meant only 10% of current oceangoing ships, which have been built much larger than in

1710-703: Is 105  °F (41  °C ), recorded in 1936, and its low temperature is −37 °F (−38 °C), recorded on February 17, 1979. - Of Traverse City's 15,678 residents in 2020, 15,341 lived in Grand Traverse County, with 337 (about 2.1%) in Leelanau County. Traverse City is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord . The city is part of the Episcopal Diocese of the Great Lakes and

1805-538: Is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is the county seat of Grand Traverse County , although it partly extends into Leelanau County . The population was 15,678 at the 2020 census , with 153,448 residents in the four-county Traverse City metropolitan area . Traverse City is the most populous city in the Northern Michigan region. Traverse City is at the head of the East and West arms of Grand Traverse Bay ,

1900-470: Is a part of the 37th senate district . Companies headquartered in Traverse City include Hagerty Insurance Agency and Oilgear , and 20Fathoms, a technology incubator, is there. Most of Traverse City's economy is based on tourism. In November, Beer Week offers tours of breweries, samplings, and workshops. The National Cherry Festival , held annually in July, features parades, fireworks, an air show, carnival rides, election of festival royalty, music,

1995-672: Is also a state-designated "Natural River". As of 2023, only one of the five dams constructed on the Boardman River remains. Traverse City is surrounded by a substantial suburban ring, especially within Garfield Township , to its southwest. Garfield Township is the largest municipality in Northern Michigan by population. Other adjacent townships, East Bay , Elmwood , and Peninsula , and nearby Blair and Long Lake townships, boast significant suburban populations dependent upon Traverse City. Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore ,

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2090-480: Is available at. The NOAA -funded Great Lakes Water Level Dashboard compiles statistics on water depth at various points along the seaway. To create a navigable channel through the Long Sault rapids and to allow hydroelectric stations to be established immediately upriver from Cornwall, Ontario , and Massena, New York , Lake St. Lawrence was created behind a dam. This required the condemnation and acquisition by

2185-678: Is in Michigan's 1st congressional district , represented by Jack Bergman ( R – Watersmeet ). Like the rest of Michigan, it is served by Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters (both Democratic ) in the United States Senate . It is represented in the Michigan House of Representatives by Betsy Coffia (D–Traverse City), and is a part of the 103rd district . It is represented in the Michigan Senate by John Damoose ( R – Harbor Springs ) and

2280-476: Is moored only 150 feet (46 m) from the buildings rear. The Great Lakes Maritime Academy cadets earn their required maritime credentials, "write" for their United States Coast Guard license and earn a bachelor's degree in Maritime Technology. This program prepares graduates for management level positions aboard the largest ships of any type on the Great Lakes and oceans. Individuals who are admitted to

2375-511: Is now Traverse City was part of the territory of the Council of Three Fires , an alliance of three Anishinaabe tribes, the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi . The Odawa, who were particularly prevalent in the area, called the area Kitchiwikwedongsing , a name which was often shortened to Wequetong , meaning "place at the head of the great bay". The area was the northern end of what is today known as

2470-538: Is now used as a daily laboratory environment and is also used underway allowing cadets to put into practice the theory and skills they have learned prior to their commercial sea projects. Ship specifications The college also organizes professional education and training for officers, including courses such as: 44°45′55″N 85°36′25″W  /  44.76528°N 85.60694°W  / 44.76528; -85.60694 Traverse City, Michigan Traverse City ( / ˈ t r æ v ər s / TRAV -ərss )

2565-642: Is served by Grace Episcopal Church . Traverse City is a home rule , charter city under the Home Rule Cities Act , incorporated on May 18, 1895. The city is governed by six commissioners and a mayor, elected at-large . Together they compose a seven-member legislative body. The commission appoints a city manager who serves as chief executive for city operations. As of 2023, the city commission consists of mayor Amy Shamroe, mayor pro tem Mark Wilson, and commissioners Jackie Anderson, Heather Shaw, Mi Stanley, Mitch Treadwell, and Tim Werner. Traverse City

2660-537: Is the T/S State of Michigan , a 224-foot (68 m) former Navy submarine surveillance vessel. The vessel is used as a classroom and laboratory while cadets of the academy are underway and shore side. St. Lawrence Seaway The St. Lawrence Seaway ( French : la Voie Maritime du Saint-Laurent ) is a system of locks , canals , and channels in Canada and the United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from

2755-688: Is the interpretive center and management headquarters for the Grand Traverse Natural Education Reserve, a 505-acre local park and natural area. Traverse City is located immediately adjacent to two American Viticultural Areas , the Leelanau Peninsula AVA and the Old Mission Peninsula AVA . There are over 50 wineries near Traverse City. Located in the harbor of the Great Lakes Maritime Academy

2850-513: Is the main route for Ontario grain exports to overseas markets. Its fees are publicly known, and were limited in 2013 to an increase of 3%. A trained pilot is required for any foreign trade vessel. A set of rules and regulations are available to help transit. Commercial vessel transit information is hosted on the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation website. Since 1997, international cruise liners have been known to transit

2945-460: Is under consideration as well. If the expansion project goes ahead, feeder ships would take containers from the port of Oswego on Lake Ontario in upstate New York to Melford International Terminal in Nova Scotia for transfer to larger oceangoing ships. A website hosts measurements of wind, water, levels and water temperatures. A real-time interactive map of seaway locks, vessels, and ports

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3040-592: The Erie Canal obsolete and causing the severe economic decline of several cities along the canal in Upstate New York . But by the turn of the 20th century, the Erie Canal had already been largely supplanted by the railroads, which had been constructed across New York and could carry freight more quickly and cheaply. Upstate New York's economic decline was precipitated by numerous factors, only some of which had to do with

3135-602: The First World War met with little interest from the Canadian federal government. But the two national governments submitted St. Lawrence plans to a group for study. By the early 1920s, both The Wooten-Bowden Report and the International Joint Commission recommended the project. Although Canada’s Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King was reluctant to proceed, in part because of opposition to

3230-688: The Old Indian Trail , a trail which serviced travel for the Hopewell , and later the Anishinaabe, coming to and from the Cadillac area. Grand Traverse Bay was named by 18th-century French voyageurs who made la grande traverse , or "the long crossing", across the mouth of bay, from present-day Norwood to Northport . The area was French territory at first, and then part of the Kingdom of Great Britain as

3325-550: The Post Office Department clerk suggested dropping the "Grand" from the name, as to limit confusion between this new office and the one at nearby Old Mission. Mr. Lay agreed to the new, shortened name of "Traverse City" for the post office, and the village took on this name. Also around this time, the first cherry trees were being planted on the Old Mission Peninsula, something the peninsula is widely known for today. In December 1872, rail service arrived in Traverse City via

3420-680: The Province of Quebec . The area was ceded to the United States in 1783 following the Treaty of Paris , becoming part of the Northwest Territory . In 1847, Captain Horace Boardman of Naperville, Illinois , purchased the land at the mouth of the Boardman River (then known as the Ottawa River) at the head of the west arm of the bay, which at the time was still inhabited by Native Americans. In 1847,

3515-643: The U.S. Secretary of State on Canadian-U.S. issues regarding the seaway, persevering through 15 years to gain passage by Congress of the Seaway Act . He later became president of the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Association to promote seaway development to benefit the American heartland. The seaway was heavily promoted by the Eisenhower administration, which had been concerned with a lack of US control. The seaway opened in 1959 and cost C$ 470 million, $ 336.2 million of which

3610-608: The USNS ; Persistent  (T-AGOS-6) ; the T/S State of Michigan was commissioned as a Stalwart -class Tactical Auxiliary General Ocean Surveillance Ship (TAGOS). She was built as an ocean submarine surveillance vessel to tow highly sensitive sonar arrays to track Soviet submarines during the Cold War. In the 1990s, when the Soviet threat was no longer a concern, the Navy opted to decommission

3705-639: The Welland Canal . From the north to the south, there is lock 1 at Port Weller, followed by Lock 2 and then Lock 3, a site with a visitors' information centre and museum in St. Catharines, Ontario . There are four locks in Thorold, Ontario , including twin-flight locks 4, 5 and 6, with Lock 7 leading up to the main channel. The Lake Erie level control lock sits in Port Colborne, Ontario . The size of vessels that can traverse

3800-432: The 1950s, can traverse the entire seaway. Proposals to expand the seaway, dating from as early as the 1960s, have been rejected since the late 20th century as too costly. In addition, researchers, policy makers, and the public are much more aware of the environmental issues that have accompanied seaway development and are reluctant to open the Great Lakes to more invasions of damaging species, as well as associated issues along

3895-470: The Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland as Duluth, Minnesota , at the western end of Lake Superior . The seaway is named for the St. Lawrence River , which flows from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. Legally, the seaway extends from Montreal , Quebec , to Lake Erie , and includes the Welland Canal . Ships from the Atlantic Ocean are able to reach ports in all five of

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3990-457: The Grand Traverse Bay region was the one located at Old Mission , which was then known as "Grand Traverse". While in Washington, D.C. in 1852, Mr. Lay had succeeded in getting the U.S. Post Office to authorize a new post office at his newer settlement. As the newer settlement had become known as " Grand Traverse City ", after the Grand Traverse Bay, Lay proposed this name for its post office, but

4085-560: The Great Lakes Maritime Academy Alumni Association provided funding to place a large green harbor light atop the 40-foot-tall (12 m) former aftermast of the T/S State of Michigan at the northwest corner of the academy’s harbor. The harbor was completed in 2005, and concluded the construction of the modern campus now home to the Great Lakes Maritime Academy where the T/S State of Michigan

4180-443: The Great Lakes Maritime Academy. These sea projects are arranged by the academy with shipping companies on either the Great Lakes or oceans. During sea projects, assignments are regularly completed and sent back to academy instructors by cadets. The T/S State of Michigan is used for the first sea project to educate cadets of the responsibilities of officers and crew, shipboard etiquette and the lifestyle aboard ship. Time spent aboard

4275-482: The Great Lakes to oceangoing ships. On April 25, 1959, large, deep-draft ocean vessels began streaming to the heart of the North American continent through the seaway, a project supported by every administration from Woodrow Wilson through Eisenhower. In the United States, N. R. Danelian (who was the director of the 13-volume St. Lawrence Seaway Survey in the U.S. Department of Navigation (1932–63)), worked with

4370-491: The Great Lakes, via the Great Lakes Waterway . The St. Lawrence River portion of the seaway is not a continuous canal; rather, it consists of several stretches of navigable channels within the river, a number of locks , and canals along the banks of the St. Lawrence River to bypass several rapids and dams . A number of the locks are managed by the St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation in Canada, and others in

4465-488: The House by May 1954. The first positive action to enlarge the seaway was taken on May 13, 1954, when U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Wiley-Dondero Seaway Act to authorize joint construction and establish the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation as the U.S. authority. The need for cheap haulage of Quebec- Labrador iron ore was one of the arguments that finally swung the balance in favor of

4560-548: The Minervini Group has undertaken the project of renovating the entire property into a social center, including many restaurants, retail spaces, office space, and residential space. On November 3, 2015, Traverse City elected Jim Carruthers, its first openly gay mayor . After serving as mayor of Traverse City for six years, in June 2021 Jim Carruthers announced he would not run for his fourth mayoral term. May 18, 2020, served as

4655-610: The Old Power House near Lock 23 (near Morrisburg, Ontario) became an attractive site for scuba divers. The submerged stone building has become covered with barnacles and is home to an abundance of underwater life. The seaway passes through the St. Lawrence River, which provides a number of diveable shipwrecks within recreational scuba limits (shallower than 130 ft (40 m)). The region also offers technical diving, with some wrecks lying at 240 ft (73 m). The water temperature can be as warm as 75 °F (24 °C) during

4750-687: The Ontario government of Mitchell Hepburn and the government of Quebec. In 1936, John C. Beukema, head of the Great Lakes Harbors Association and a member of the Great Lakes Tidewater Commission, was among a delegation of eight from the Great Lakes states to meet at the White House with US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to obtain his support for the seaway concept. Beukema and St. Lawrence Seaway proponents were convinced

4845-525: The Seaway opened in 1959 that "The St. Lawrence Seaway will be the greatest single development of this century in its effects on Milwaukee's future growth and prosperity." Lester Olsen, president of the Milwaukee Association of Commerce, said, "The magnitude and potential of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the power project stir the imagination of the world." The seaway's opening is often credited with making

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4940-560: The St. Lawrence Seaway. Under the Canada Marine Act (1998), the Canadian portions of the seaway were set up with a non-profit corporate structure; this legislation also introduced changes to federal ports. Great Lakes and seaway shipping generates $ 3.4 billion in business revenue annually in the United States. In 2002, ships moved 222 million tonnes of cargo through the seaway. Overseas shipments, mostly of inbound steel and outbound grain, accounted for 15.4 million tonnes, or 6.9%, of

5035-447: The St. Lawrence allowed transit of vessels 186 ft (57 m) long, 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m) wide, and 9 ft (2.7 m) deep. The First Welland Canal , constructed between 1824 and 1829, had a minimum lock size of 110 ft (34 m) long, 22 ft (6.7 m) wide, and 8 ft (2.4 m) deep, but it was generally too small to allow passage of larger oceangoing ships. The Welland Canal 's minimum lock size

5130-583: The T-AGOS fleet. In 1998, the USNS Persistent and her sister ship, the USNS  Vindicator  (T-AGOS-3) were transferred to the United States Coast Guard to be used in drug regulation. Even after overhauls to the USNS Persistent , she was determined to be too slow to keep up with the drug policing and became available to other government agencies. The Great Lakes Maritime Academy worked with

5225-448: The T/S State of Michigan does count towards the necessary sea time required for each program. Two additional sea projects are spent aboard commercial ships to best prepare cadets for the real life occupation of a merchant mariner. Cadets must also complete in-port sea days with the T/S State of Michigan . Tasks for in-port sea days include necessary vessel inspection to ensure continued STCW ’95 compliance. Originally launched in 1985 as

5320-400: The T/S State of Michigan . The academy moved into the new facility late fall of 2003. Originally dedicated on October 23, 1972, the academy harbor was next on the list for improvements and reconstruction began in 2004. The harbor was completely rebuilt and expanded to better accommodate the T/S State of Michigan and the academy’s three smaller vessels. Appropriately named the “Alumni Light”,

5415-471: The U.S. Coast Guard examination for licensing as a Third Assistant Engineer, Steam and Motor Vessels of any Horsepower. Graduates are fully compliant with STCW '95 (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping). In 2013, Northwestern Michigan College won approval to offer a bachelor of science in maritime technology through the academy. The college awarded its first bachelor's degrees to two academy students in January 2014. The Detroit News covered

5510-431: The U.S. Maritime Administration to negotiate a transfer of the vessel to the academy harbor. In the summer of 2002, the USNS Persistent underwent maintenance and additional overhaul to prepare her for her new freshwater home. In August 2002, the vessel, whose name was changed to the T/S State of Michigan by the Great Lakes Maritime Academy, departed for the Great Lakes by way of the St. Lawrence Seaway . The training ship

5605-402: The United States by the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation ; the two bodies together advertise the seaway as part of "Highway H 2 O" . The section of the river from Montreal to the Atlantic is under Canadian jurisdiction, regulated by the offices of Transport Canada in the Port of Quebec . The St. Lawrence Seaway was preceded by several other canals. In 1871, locks on

5700-478: The academy follow a four-year curriculum with a condensed curriculum offered to those who have already earned a Bachelor's (or higher) degree. The maritime curriculum includes classroom instruction, labs, simulation and three semesters at sea. Upon completion of course work and sea projects, deck cadets write the U.S. Coast Guard examinations for licensing as a Third Mate Great Lakes and Oceans Unlimited Tonnage and First Class Great Lakes Pilot. Engineering cadets write

5795-446: The aftermath of the backlash, the resolution was edited by TCAPS school board officials. No date for consideration of the revised resolution has been set. According to the United States Census Bureau , Traverse City has a total area of 8.66 square miles (22.43 km ), of which, 8.33 square miles (21.57 km ) are land and 0.33 square miles (0.85 km ) is water. Most of the city is located within Grand Traverse County, though

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5890-491: The area surrounding Grand Traverse Bay is a hotspot for cherry production . The city hosts the National Cherry Festival , attracting approximately 500,000 visitors annually. The Traverse City area is also known for its wine production . Two American Viticultural Areas are adjacent to the city. Traverse City is home to the Traverse City State Hospital , a former state psychiatric institution , and Coast Guard Air Station Traverse City . Prior to European settlement, what

5985-486: The area's diverse coastal weather patterns, which occasionally consist of sudden and/or large amounts of precipitation during the seasonally active periods. Lake-effect snowfall constitutes a large percentage of the total annual snow accumulation, which averages around 80 inches (203 cm). Periods of snowfall typically last from November to April, although light snow as late as May or as early as late September sometimes occur. Traverse City's record high temperature

6080-424: The blooming season. With the exception of the years before and during World War II, this tradition has been carried on since in Traverse City. The legislature moved the date of the festival to the summer, and it attracts tourists from around the state. During the week the festival takes place, the population of Traverse City rises from about 15,000 to about 500,000. In 2004 the legislature added "Blossom Days", again as

6175-430: The canals and river. Questions have been raised as to whether such infrastructure costs could ever be recovered. Lower water levels in the Great Lakes have also posed problems for some vessels in recent years, and pose greater issues to communities, industries, and agriculture in the region. While the seaway is (as of 2010) mostly used for shipping bulk cargo , the possibility of its use for large-scale container shipping

6270-435: The captain, his son, and their employees built a dwelling and sawmill near the mouth of the river. In 1851 the Boardmans sold the sawmill to Hannah, Lay & Co (made up of Perry Hannah , Albert Tracy Lay and James Morgan), who improved the mill greatly. The increased investment in the mill attracted additional settlers to the new community. Perry Hannah today is known as the founding father of Traverse City. Traverse City

6365-457: The city's 125th anniversary of Traverse City's incorporation as a city in 1895, and was known as the "quarantine quasquicentennial". In April 2021, a group composed mostly of White students from two Traverse City area school districts held an online mock slave auction via social media app in a private group chat titled "Slave Trade", wherein they traded their Black student peers for monetary amounts while using derogatory language. After

6460-428: The elderly, served as a rehab for drug addicts, and was used to train nurses . On May 18, 1895, Traverse City was incorporated as a city . Perry Hannah served as the first mayor of Traverse City, after also serving as first and third village president. The first National Cherry Festival was held in Traverse City in 1925. It was first called "Blessing of the Blossoms" and held in the spring to attract people during

6555-423: The following commercial districts : The city employs two tax increment financing (TIF) districts: TIF 97, overlapping with the Front Street District, and Old Town TIF in the Old Town District. Traverse City has one superfund site , according to the Environmental Protection Agency . This is the Avenue E Groundwater Contamination Site. At this location, toxic runoff from the Coast Guard Air Station contaminated

6650-405: The government of all the properties of six villages and three hamlets in Ontario; these are now collectively known as The Lost Villages . The area was flooded beginning on July 1, 1958, creating the lake. There was also inundation on the New York side of the border, and the village of Louisville Landing was submerged. A notable adverse environmental effect of the operation of the seaway has been

6745-588: The groundwater along Avenue E. Traverse City has a warm-summer continental climate (Köppen Dfb) close to being a hot-summer continental climate (Dfa). Its location near the 45th parallel is tempered by the strong and moderating effects of Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay, which have a particularly noteworthy effect on the peninsulas that branch north of the city. As a result, they have viticulture and cherry orchards . Consequently, it generally experiences warm, mild summers and severe winters. Lake Michigan especially, but also Grand Traverse Bay, greatly impact

6840-432: The institution expanded. Twelve housing cottages and two infirmaries were built between 1887 and 1903 to meet the specific needs of male and female patients. The institution became the city's largest employer and contributed to its growth. While the hospital was established for the care of the mentally ill, its use expanded during outbreaks of tuberculosis , typhoid , diphtheria , influenza , and polio . It also cared for

6935-615: The introduction of numerous invasive species of aquatic animals into the Great Lakes Basin . The zebra mussel has been most damaging in the Great Lakes and through its invasion of related rivers, waterways, and city water facilities. Invasive species and artificial water level controls imposed by the seaway have had a negative impact on recreational fishing. The seaway, along with the St. Lawrence River it passes through, also provides opportunities for outdoor recreation, such as boating , camping , fishing , and scuba diving . Of note,

7030-501: The joint hydro and navigation works, but this failed to receive the assent of the U.S. Congress . Proposals for the seaway were met with resistance; the primary opposition came from interests representing harbors on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and internal waterways and from the railroad associations. The railroads carried freight and goods between the coastal ports and the Great Lakes cities. After 1945, proposals to introduce tolls to

7125-443: The local community was made aware of this event, a coalition of community members and Traverse City Area Public School (TCAPS) Board of Education officials drafted in response a resolution which denounced the behavior. The draft of the resolution itself led to community backlash initiated largely by White conservative parents and community members who regarded the planned resolution to be "...interlaced with critical race theory ". In

7220-620: The mid- to late-summer months. The first 10 ft (3 m) of Lake Ontario is warmed and enters the St. Lawrence River, as the fast-moving water body has no thermocline circulation. On July 12, 2010, Richelieu (owned by Canada Steamship Lines ) ran aground after losing power near the Côte-Sainte-Catherine lock. The grounding punctured a fuel tank, spilling an estimated 200 tonnes (440 thousand pounds) of diesel fuel , covering approximately 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft). The seaway and lock were shut down to help contain

7315-584: The opening of the seaway were built to the maximum size permissible by the locks, known informally as Seawaymax or Seaway-Max. Large vessels of the lake freighter fleet are built on the lakes and cannot travel downstream beyond the Welland Canal. On the remaining Great Lakes, these ships are constrained only by the largest lock on the Great Lakes Waterway , the Poe Lock at the Soo Locks (at Sault Ste. Marie), which

7410-569: The original Traverse City High School building burnt down, with no casualties. For three years, while the high school was being rebuilt, classes were moved to the Perry Hannah House , the former residence of the city's founder. Classes were moved back to the new school building in September 1937. In 1960, the high school was moved from downtown Traverse City to a new college-style campus on the grounds of Northwestern Michigan College , which opened

7505-419: The port typically moved in the decade before the seaway opened Lake Superior to deep-draft oceangoing vessels in 1959. International changes have affected shipping through the seaway. Europe is no longer a major grain importer; large U.S. export shipments are now going to South America, Asia, and Africa. These destinations make Gulf and West Coast ports more critical to 21st-century grain exports. Referring to

7600-541: The project in Quebec , in 1932 he and the U.S. representative signed a treaty of intent. This treaty was submitted to the U.S. Senate in November 1932 and hearings continued until a vote was taken on March 14, 1934. The majority voted in favor of the treaty, but it failed to gain the necessary two-thirds vote for ratification. Later attempts between the governments in the 1930s to forge an agreement came to naught due to opposition by

7695-411: The seaway is limited by the size of locks . Locks on the St. Lawrence and on the Welland Canal are 766 ft (233.5 m) long, 80 ft (24.4 m) wide, and 30 ft (9.14 m) deep. The maximum allowed vessel size is slightly smaller: 740 ft (225.6 m) long, 78 ft (23.8 m) wide, and 26.5 ft (8.1 m) deep. Many vessels designed for use on the Great Lakes following

7790-458: The seaway project, a retired Iowa State University economics professor who specialized in transportation issues said, "It probably did make sense, at about the time it (the Seaway) was constructed and conceived, but since then everything has changed." Certain seaway users have been concerned about the low water levels of the Great Lakes that had been recorded between 2010 and 2016. The Panama Canal

7885-464: The seaway were not sufficient to gain support for the project by the U.S. Congress. Growing impatient, and with Ontario desperate for the power to be generated by hydroelectricity, Canada began to consider developing the project alone. This seized the imagination of Canadians, engendering a groundswell of nationalism around the St. Lawrence. On September 28, 1951, Canadian Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent advised U.S. President Harry S. Truman that Canada

7980-603: The seaway. Groundbreaking ceremonies took place in Massena, New York , on August 10, 1954. That year Eisenhower appointed Beukema to the five-member St. Lawrence Seaway Advisory Board . In May 1957, the Connecting Channels Project was begun by the United States Army Corps of Engineers . By 1959, Beukema was on board the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Maple for the first trip through the U.S. locks, which opened up

8075-445: The seaway. The Hapag-Lloyd Christopher Columbus carried 400 passengers to Duluth, Minnesota , that year. Since then, the number of annual seaway cruising passengers has increased to 14,000. Every year, more than 2,000 recreational boats, of more than 20 ft and one ton, transit the seaway. The tolls have been fixed for 2017 at $ 30 per lock. There is a $ 5 per lock discount for payment in advance. Lockages are scheduled 12 hours

8170-642: The small community, and in 1881, Traverse City was incorporated as a village . This began the major commercial growth of the town. In 1890, another rail line was extended to Traverse City, this one from Baldwin via Copemish and Interlochen . This line primarily served lumber companies, such as the Buckley & Douglas Lumber Company, and was used to transport logs from the vast forest of Northwest Michigan to sawmills in Manistee and Traverse City. Two years later, new railroads were extended out of Traverse City. One line

8265-597: The spill. The seaway is important for American and Canadian international trade. It handles 40–50 million annual tonnes of cargo. About 50% of this cargo carried travels to and from international ports in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The rest comprises coastal trade, or short sea shipping , between various American and Canadian ports. Among international shippers are found: The St. Lawrence Seaway (along with ports in Quebec)

8360-476: The story, and the broader story of Michigan community colleges offering four-year degrees, in an April 16, 2014, article. The college is approved by the U.S. Maritime Administration , the U.S. Coast Guard , and the Michigan Department of Education . A new class begins each year in mid-August (fall semester). Maritime cadets participate in commercial sea projects (semesters at sea) while in attendance at

8455-405: The total cargo moved. In 2004, seaway grain exports accounted for about 3.6% of U.S. overseas grain shipments, according to the U.S. Grains Council. In a typical year, seaway steel imports account for around 6% of the U.S. annual total. The toll revenue obtained from ocean vessels is about 25–30% of cargo revenue. The Port of Duluth shipped just over 2.5 million tonnes of grain, which is less than

8550-505: Was completed in 1914 and also serves oceangoing traffic. In the 1950s, seaway designers chose not to build the locks to match the size of ships permitted by the 1914 locks at the Panama Canal (965 by 106 feet (294 by 32 m), known as the Panamax limit). Instead, the seaway locks were built to match the smaller locks of Welland Canal , which opened in 1932. The seaway locks permit passage of

8645-748: Was extended along the bay into Leelanau County, and curved south to a preexisting spur at Lake Ann . Another line was extended east into present-day Williamsburg , and to Charlevoix and Petoskey . This railroad was largely to serve tourists. In 1881, the Northern Michigan Asylum, later the Traverse City State Hospital , was established as the demand for a third psychiatric hospital in Michigan, in addition to those established in Kalamazoo and Pontiac , began to grow. Perry Hannah, by then

8740-557: Was increased to 150 ft (46 m) long, 26.5 ft (8.1 m) wide, and 9 ft (2.7 m) deep for the Second Welland Canal; to 270 ft (82 m) long, 45 ft (14 m) wide, and 14 ft (4.3 m) deep with the Third Welland Canal; and to 766 ft (233 m) long, 80 ft (24 m) wide, and 30 ft (9.1 m) deep for the current (Fourth) Welland Canal. The first proposals for

8835-422: Was originally part of Omeena County, which was originally set off in 1840 from Michilimackinac County . The county remained unorganized, lacking a central government until 1851, when it was reorganized as Grand Traverse County . The newly designated county government was assigned a county seat at Boardman's Mills , a location in present-day downtown Traverse City. As of 1853, the only operating post office in

8930-547: Was paid by the Canadian government. Elizabeth II , Queen of Canada and American President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally opened the seaway on June 26, 1959 with a short cruise aboard the royal yacht HMY  Britannia after addressing crowds in Saint-Lambert, Quebec . 22,000 workers were employed at one time or another on the project, a 3,700-kilometre-long (2,300 mi) superhighway for ocean freighters. Port of Milwaukee director Harry C. Brockel forecast just before

9025-549: Was unwilling to wait for the United States and would build a seaway alone; the Canadian Parliament authorized the founding of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority on December 21 of that year. Fueled by this support, Saint Laurent's administration decided during 1951 and 1952 to construct the waterway alone, combined with the Moses-Saunders Power Dam . (This became the joint responsibility of Ontario and New York: as

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