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27-524: Great Break may refer to: Great Break (USSR) , Stalin's campaign of Soviet collectivization and industrialization Grande Coupure , the transition between the end of the Eocene and the beginning of the Oligocene, marked by large-scale extinction and floral and faunal turnover Groote Braak , a 17-18th century gap in a dam around Amsterdam Topics referred to by

54-692: A result the Soviet state did not experience any unemployment during the Great Break. Volgograd Tractor Plant The Volgograd Tractor Plant ( Russian : Волгоградский тракторный завод , Volgogradski traktorni zavod , or ВгТЗ , VgTZ ), formerly the Dzerzhinskiy Tractor Factory or the Stalingrad Tractor Plant , is a heavy equipment factory located in Volgograd , Russia . It

81-523: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Great Break (USSR) Up to 1928, Stalin supported the New Economic Policy implemented by his predecessor Vladimir Lenin . The NEP had brought some market reforms to the Soviet economy, including allowing peasants to sell surplus grain on the domestic and international market. However, in 1928 Stalin changed his position and opposed continuation of

108-568: The Mediterranean and Black Sea , then by river and over land to the place of construction. The plant was kitted out with equipment from more than eighty US engineering companies and several German firms. The new factory was officially opened on June 17, 1930, and the first tractor to begin production on the assembly line was the 15-30, manufactured in the USA by the McCormick Deering company; in

135-566: The Russian Airborne Troops . In the spring of 2019, reconstruction work began on the ruins of the tractor plant, with plans to regenerate the area into a multipurpose center, including shops, office buildings, and apartments. All that remains of the VgTZ works is a series of walk-through plants and two monuments in the square. The workshops have been demolished and the new owner rents the former factory management premises as office space. There

162-461: The NEP meant that peasants would no longer be able to sell grain to the state. Thus, the state would have to requisition surplus grain. Collectivization met with little success before 1934 in terms of agricultural output. The Soviet state was slow to provide the necessary tractors and other machinery to the collective farms and this delay caused a reduction in agricultural output. Kulaks also resisted

189-474: The NEP. Part of the reason for his change was that the peasants in the years before 1928 started hoarding grain in response to low domestic and international prices for their produce. Stalin implemented agricultural collectivization, which would end private ownership of land. The state would take land from its previous owners and place it either under collective ownership of peasants (kolkhoz) or under state ownership (sovkhoz). The idea behind collectivization

216-608: The USSR was designed and commissioned at the Volgograd Tractor Plant on the initiative of I. P. Inochkina, a design engineer who worked at the plant for 35 years. By the end of the 1940s, dozens of such lines were in operation at bearing and automotive plants. By the time war broke out in September 1939, the tractor plant had produced a quarter of a million standard tractors as well as 40,000 tracked versions. During World War II ,

243-533: The USSR, it became known as the 15/30 STZ (or STZ-1). By April 1932, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant was working at full capacity, with 144 tractors a day rolling off the conveyor . Tank production began in 1932 with the launch of the T-26 light infantry tank, which was easy to manufacture and operate, and considered to be more reliable than foreign equivalents. In 1939, the first automated machine tool line in

270-566: The Volgograd Machine Building Company VgTZ ( Volgogradskaya mashinostroitel'naya kompaniya VgTZ ), which was not connected to the "Volgograd Tractor Plant" group of companies. In 2003, the OJSC Volgograd Tractor Plant group became part of OJSC Agromashholding, which specializes in the production, sale and service of agricultural, municipal and industrial equipment. The OJSC Volgograd Tractor subdivision of

297-480: The collectivization process by slaughtering their livestock and hiding harvested grain in protest, reducing output even more. On top of these two conditions, the state was requisitioning more grain than the quantity produced. These three factors coupled with a severe drought and a slow response from the soviet administration led to a famine in parts of the countryside in 1932–33 including Kazakhstan, Ukraine and southern Russia. The famine and drought were so severe in

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324-495: The company started by Albert Kahn , the architect for Henry Ford . In 1928, a group of Soviet engineers visited Kahn's office with an order for designing and building the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, and in April 1929, the Soviet trade representative Saul Bron signed the contract with Albert Kahn. The full value of the contract, including equipment, was US$ 30 million, which would equate to about US$ 450 million in today's money. Once

351-424: The company was experiencing financial difficulties at the time. A decision was taken to merge the military side of the concern with the state-owned holding company Rostec , in order to stabilize the plant's financial position. The separate Volgograd Machine Building Company, which is still based at the plant, continues to manufacture Sprut-SDM1 self-propelled anti-tank guns and BMD-4M airborne combat vehicles for

378-579: The contract was agreed, design and construction of the plant proceeded without delay, and the entire facility was installed within a period of six months under the supervision of American engineers. The steel structures were manufactured in New York by the McClintic-Marshall Company, and then transported to Stalingrad for field assembly. The huge flow of cargo was shipped via the Atlantic Ocean ,

405-601: The conveyor, including 768 of the promising VT series and 1,290 tractors with industrial modifications. The OJSC Tractor Company VgTZ subdivision eventually ceased tractor production altogether in November 2015. In April 2017, the Russian Deputy Minister of Defense, Yury Borisov , visited OJSC Volgograd Tractor Plant to check on progress of the State Defense Order for new military vehicles. According to Borisov,

432-673: The country was not able to meet these overambitious goals, it still did increase output to an impressive extent. Industrialization involved expanding the numbers of factories and construction projects such as dams, railways, and canals. Examples of well-publicized construction projects at the time are the completion in June 1930 of a huge tractor factory in Stalingrad and the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station . The increased number of projects meant an increased demand for workers, and as

459-402: The group was declared bankrupt in 2005. Then in 2006, OJSC Tractor Company VgTZ was acquired by the non-commercial partnership Concern Tractor Plants , a leading Russian machine building company, of which OJSC Agromashholding is an agricultural division. VgTZ thrived under its new owners, and achieved a stable monthly performance for the whole of 2006, with almost 3,000 tracked tractors leaving

486-466: The hostilities had ended with the final victory in February 1943, the site was cleared of shells and debris so that restoration work could begin immediately. Full-scale production resumed at the plant within months of the city being liberated. In 1992, the Volgograd Tractor Plant became a private joint-stock company , and entered a period of economic uncertainty with a decline in productivity. The company

513-465: The owners of large farms tended to be wealthy peasants ( kulaks ) but the Bolsheviks regarded the kulaks as capitalist exploiters, and wished to redistribute the surplus land to the poorer peasants. The only way to have large farms without kulak owners was to form collective farms. The Soviet state needed increased agricultural output to feed the workers in the cities and construction sites. The end of

540-610: The plant was retooled to produce military equipment and weapons for the Soviet Red Army , most notably the T-34 tank. The plant became world-famous during the Battle of Stalingrad . When the German Wehrmacht reached the city in the summer of 1942, the tractor plant was their first target, and it was largely destroyed during the fierce fighting that ensued over the next few months. Once

567-453: The production of military vehicles , VgTZ is inextricably linked with the history of Soviet tank building. The plant continues to operate on a small scale, but much of it is now derelict or has been demolished. Until 1961, the plant was called the Stalingrad Tractor Plant named for F. Dzerzhinsky ( Russian : Сталинградский тракторный завод им. Ф. Э. Дзержинского , Stalingradski traktorni zavod im. F.E. Dzerzhinskogo , or СТЗ , STZ ). It

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594-425: The region that it also affected other countries such as Romania. In Ukraine, at least four million peasants died. While collectivization did not meet with much success, industrialization during the Great Break did. Stalin announced his first Five-Year-Plan for industrialization in 1928. The goals of his plan were unrealistic – for example, he wished to increase worker productivity by 110 percent. Yet even though

621-419: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Great Break . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Break&oldid=1237307406 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

648-406: Was floated on the public stock market in 1995 and became an OJSC . By the late 1990s, the plant was producing fewer than 3,000 tractors per year. In December 2002, following rising debts and many changes in ownership, OJSC Volgograd Tractor Plant was divided into four separate business units within the group: Responsibility for military technology projects was allocated to a separate concern,

675-558: Was once one of the largest tractor manufacturing enterprises in the USSR . It was a site of fierce fighting during World War II's Battle of Stalingrad . During its lifetime, VgTZ has supplied more than 2.5 million tractors to the farming industry, making a huge contribution to the mechanization of agriculture . VgTZ tractors operate in 32 countries throughout Southeast Asia , Africa , Europe , North America , and Latin America . Also used for

702-470: Was one of the first industrial facilities to be built as part of the planned rapid industrialization of the USSR, which was adopted in the late 1920s. The foundation stone was laid in a groundbreaking ceremony on July 12, 1926. Construction of the plant was carried out with the involvement of experts from Western countries, primarily the United States . It was designed by Albert Kahn Associates Inc.,

729-404: Was that large estates tend to yield more agricultural output. Also, owners of a large farm tended to be better able to afford machinery such as tractors and threshers than owners of small plots of land, and these technological implements would increase worker productivity, freeing up peasants to move to the cities and construction sites to aid the industrialization process. Before collectivization,

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