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42-520: Grand Traverse may refer to any of the following topics related to the state of Michigan, United States: Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians , a Native American tribe Grand Traverse Bay , a bay of Lake Michigan in the Lower Peninsula Grand Traverse Bay Bottomland Preserve , a preservation area that encompasses the bay Grand Traverse College ,

84-801: A 19th-century college in Benzonia Grand Traverse County, Michigan Grand Traverse Light , a lighthouse on the Leelanau Peninsula, Lower Peninsula Grand Traverse Mall , an enclosed shopping mall in Traverse City Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy , a non-profit organization in Traverse City Grand Traverse Resort & Spa , a resort and meeting center in Acme Township, Michigan Chateau Grand Traverse ,

126-562: A book "Ottawa Stories from the Springs, Anishinaabe dibaadjimowinan wodi gaa binjibaamigak wodi mookodjiwong e zhinikaadek" by Howard Webkamigad. Potawatomi The Potawatomi / p ɒ t ə ˈ w ɒ t ə m i / , also spelled Pottawatomi and Pottawatomie (among many variations ), are a Native American people of the Great Plains , upper Mississippi River , and western Great Lakes region . They traditionally speak

168-604: A department manager, game wardens, Great Lakes fishery biologists and technician, fish and wildlife biologists and technician, environmental and water quality staff, and an office manager. The territory of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is the Grand Traverse Indian Reservation ( 45°01′13″N 85°36′22″W  /  45.02028°N 85.60611°W  / 45.02028; -85.60611 ), as established by United States Secretary of

210-635: A name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. In the 19th century, some bands of Potawatomi were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment. In the 1830s the federal government removed most from their lands east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory - first in Kansas, Nebraska, and last to Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes, in addition to

252-659: A particular band. Historically, the members of this tribe are descendants of and political successors to nine Ottawa bands who were party to the treaties of 1836 and 1855 , related to the total of 19 bands listed as Grand River Band Ottawa. After the 1855 Treaty, all of the Ottawa Bands located from the Manistee River south to Grand River , near or on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan , were relocated to reservation lands in Mason and Oceana counties. The permanent villages of

294-628: A reservation. The Chippewa (also "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippeway", "Anishinaabe") are the largest Native American people north of the Rio Grande . Their population is split between Canada (where they are known as the Ojibwe ) and the United States. The Bay Mills Indian Community is located at the land base of the Sault Ste. Marie band of Chippewa , which originally occupied land on both sides of what became

336-580: A winery near Traverse City See also [ edit ] Traverse (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Grand Traverse . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Traverse&oldid=1161439842 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

378-598: Is approximately 1,100 acres (4.5 km ) dispersed throughout the service area, and it has a total of 3,985 members. Some 1,610 reside in the tribal areas. The Eyaawing Museum and Cultural Center, located in Peshawbestown, Michigan , was opened in 2009 by the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians to serve as a heritage and cultural center. The museum includes a gift shop with works of tribal artists and craftspeople, as well as educational materials, maps and books. There has been one major anthropological study of

420-505: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians The tribal offices are in Peshawbestown, Michigan . As of June 2024, the current GTB Tribal Council consists of: Chairperson Sandra Witherspoon, Vice-Chair Jane Rohl, Treasurer Tina A. Frankenberger, Secretary Anna Miller, Councilor Brian S. Napont, Councilor Angelina M. Raphael, and Councilor Donna M. Swallows. The tribe owns and operates

462-508: Is referred to as the Battle of Fort Dearborn . A Potawatomi chief named Mucktypoke ( Makdébki , Black Partridge), counseled his fellow warriors against the attack. Later he saved some of the civilian captives who were being ransomed by the Potawatomi. The French period of contact began with early explorers who reached the Potawatomi in western Michigan. They also found the tribe located along

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504-864: Is the first federally recognized tribe of Odawa in Michigan. They were one of the first tribes in the United States to own a casino, under new gaming laws passed in the 1980s. Ottawa, Chippewa and Potawatomi Indians are Algonquian -speaking peoples who gradually migrated from the Atlantic coast, settling around the Great Lakes throughout Canada , and the Midwest of what became the United States: Ohio , Indiana , Michigan, Illinois , Wisconsin , and Minnesota . Today they have federally recognized reservations of communal land only in Canada, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. During

546-633: The Council of Three Fires . The word comes from "to tend the hearth-fire," which is bodewadm (without syncope: bodewadem ) in the Potawatomi language ; the Ojibwe and Ottawa forms are boodawaadam and boodwaadam , respectively. Alternatively, the Potawatomi call themselves Neshnabé (without syncope: Eneshenabé ; plural: Neshnabék ), a cognate of Ojibwe Anishinaabe (g) , meaning "original people." The Potawatomi teach their children about

588-775: The Door Peninsula of Wisconsin. By the end of the French period, the Potawatomi had begun a move to the Detroit area, leaving the large communities in Wisconsin. The British period of contact began when France ceded its lands after its defeat by Britain in the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War ). Pontiac's Rebellion was an attempt by Native Americans to push

630-617: The Neutral Confederacy , who were seeking expanded hunting grounds. It is estimated that the Potawatomi numbered around 3,000 in 1658,. As an important part of Tecumseh 's Confederacy, Potawatomi warriors took part in Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812 . Their alliances switched repeatedly between United Kingdom and the United States as power relations shifted between the nations, and they calculated effects on their trade and land interests. At

672-548: The Odaawaa / Odawa ( Ottawa ), the Ojibwe ( Ojibwa /Chippewa) and Boodewaadami / Bodéwadmi ( Potawatomi ) peoples. They were historically part of the confederacy. Under the Indian Reorganization Act , they applied for federal recognition in 1934 and 1943 and were denied. However, in 1978 Dodie Harris Chambers led an effort for recognition and on May 27, 1980, the tribe was formally recognized. The Grand Traverse Band

714-525: The Potawatomi language , a member of the Algonquian family . The Potawatomi call themselves Neshnabé , a cognate of the word Anishinaabe . The Potawatomi are part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires , with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi are considered the "youngest brother". Their people are referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi ,

756-610: The St. Joseph River , the Kankakee River , Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers , the Illinois River and Lake Peoria, and the Des Plaines and Fox Rivers . The chiefs listed below are grouped by geographic area. The removal period of Potawatomi history began with the treaties of the late 1820s, when the United States created reservations. Billy Caldwell and Alexander Robinson negotiated for

798-596: The Treaty of Paris , which ended the American Revolutionary War and established the United States' interest in the lower Great Lakes. It lasted until the treaties for Indian removal were signed. The US recognized the Potawatomi as a single tribe. They often had a few tribal leaders whom all villages accepted. The Potawatomi had a decentralized society, with several main divisions based on geographic locations: Milwaukee or Wisconsin area, Detroit or Huron River ,

840-643: The " Trail of Death ". Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi Bodéwadmimwen or Bodéwadmi Zheshmowen or Neshnabémwen ) is a Central Algonquian language and is spoken around the Great Lakes in Michigan and Wisconsin. It is also spoken by Potawatomi in Kansas , Oklahoma, and in southern Ontario . As of 2001, there were fewer than 1,300 people who speak Potawatomi as a first language, most of them elderly. The people are working to revitalize

882-456: The "Seven Grandfather Teachings" of wisdom, respect, love, honesty, humility, bravery, and truth toward each other and all creation. Each principle teaches the equality and importance of their fellow tribesmen and respect for all of nature's creations. The story that underlies these teaches the importance of patience and listening. It follows the Water Spider's journey to retrieve fire so that

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924-594: The 19 bands that have been documented in this territory. The tribe's government includes an elected governing body consisting of a tribal chair and six tribal council members; they are elected by the enrolled members of the Grand Traverse Band. Unfortunately, the Grand Traverse Band has disenfranchised the majority of their members. Nearly all other tribes in Michigan allow all their members to vote in elections. The band has programming, fiscal and administrative authority. The council also appoints judicial officers who decide criminal, family and civil matters in conjunction with

966-420: The 19th century, they were forced to cede most of their land to the governments of Canada and the United States under pressure from European-American and Canadian settlement. The name Ottawa, or alternatively "Odawa" or "Odawu," is believed to derive from an Algonquian word for the term "trader." It was incorrectly recorded as meaning "people of the bulrush," for which there is a specific Odawa term referring to

1008-684: The British and other European settlers out of their territory. The Potawatomi captured every British frontier garrison but the one at Detroit. The Potawatomi nation continued to grow and expanded westward from Detroit, most notably in the development of the St. Joseph villages adjacent to the Miami in southwestern Michigan. The Wisconsin communities continued and moved south along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The United States treaty period of Potawatomi history began with

1050-566: The Grand River bands of Ottawa, including those nine Bands whose descendants compose the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians , were located on the Grand, Thornapple, Flat, White, Père Marquette, and Big and Little Manistee rivers in Michigan's western Lower Peninsula. The Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of Detroit was signed in 1855 and created an Ottawa/Chippewa nation for the purposes of settling on

1092-538: The Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Jane Willetts Ettawageshik devoted approximately two years of study in the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians community. Jane Willetts Ettawageshik recorded Anishinaabe stories speak of how the Anishinaabe people related to their land, to their people, and various other means of communicating their values, outlooks and histories in and around Northern Michigan. These stories have been translated into

1134-724: The Indiana Potawatomi was documented by a Catholic priest, Benjamin Petit , who accompanied the Indians on the Potawatomi Trail of Death in 1838. Petit died while returning to Indiana in 1839. His diary was published in 1941, over 100 years after his death, by the Indiana Historical Society. Many Potawatomi found ways to remain, primarily those in Michigan. Others fled to their Odawa neighbors or to Canada to avoid removal to

1176-1077: The Interior on 27 May 1980, and includes lands acquired by the Band. The Grand Traverse Band's Treaty Ceded Territories from the 1836 Treaty covers an area in a line from the Grand River to the Alpena area north and the eastern portion of the upper peninsula from the Chocolay River east. The majority (almost 55 percent) of the reservation's territory lies within several non-contiguous sections of land in eastern Suttons Bay Township in Leelanau County, Michigan . There are also five smaller parcels of land in four other counties: one plot in southern Benzonia Township , Benzie County ; two plots in southern Helena Township , Antrim County ; one plot in eastern Acme Township , Grand Traverse County ; and one plot in southwestern Eveline Township , Charlevoix County . The total land area of

1218-727: The Leelanau Sands Casino, the Turtle Creek Casino and Hotel , and the Grand Traverse Resort & Spa . It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa peoples in Michigan. The others are the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians and the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , both recognized in 1994. Referring to themselves as Anishinaabeg or Three Fires Confederacy , the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians includes members of

1260-562: The Potawatomi in Oklahoma. The English "Potawatomi" is derived from the Ojibwe Boodewaadamii(g) ( syncoped in the Ottawa as Boodewaadmii(g) ). The Potawatomi name for themselves ( autonym ) is Bodéwadmi (without syncope: Bodéwademi ; plural: Bodéwadmik ), a cognate of the Ojibwe form. Their name means "those who tend the hearth-fire," which refers to the hearth of

1302-575: The US-Canada border. After passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the Bay Mills Indian Community organized to recreate a form of government. Members are descended from the nine historic bands of Ottawa (Odawa) and bands of Chippewa (known as Ojibwe in Canada) peoples who occupied this territory in northern Michigan and signed treaties with the federal government. They were successors to

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1344-602: The United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa and Potowatomi in the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien (1829), by which they ceded most of their lands in Wisconsin and Michigan. Some Potawatomi became religious followers of the "Kickapoo Prophet", Kennekuk . Over the years, the US reduced the size of the reservations under pressure for land by incoming European Americans. The final step followed the Treaty of Chicago , negotiated in 1833 for

1386-471: The early 19th century, major portions of Potawatomi lands were seized by the US government. Following the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, by which the tribe ceded its lands in Illinois, most of the Potawatomi people were removed to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi River. Many perished en route to new lands in the west on their journey through Iowa , Kansas, and Indian Territory, following what became known as

1428-681: The language , as evidenced by recent efforts such as the online Potawatomi language Dictionary created by the Citizen Potawatomi Nation or the various resources available through the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians . The Potawatomi language is most similar to the Odawa language ; it also has borrowed a considerable amount of vocabulary from Sauk . Like the Odawa language, or the Ottawa dialect of

1470-424: The other animals can survive the cold. As the other animals step forth one after another to proclaim that they shall be the ones to retrieve the fire, the Water Spider sits and waits while listening to her fellows. As they finish and wrestle with their fears, she steps forward and announces that she will be the one to bring fire back. As they laugh and doubt her, she weaves a bowl out of her web, using it to sail across

1512-468: The reservation and off-reservation trust land is 2.539 km² (0.9804 sq mi, or 627.46 acres (2.5392 km ). Its total 2000 census resident population was 545 persons, 80 percent of whom identified as fully Native American . The present-day main Reservation and six-county service area consists of Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse, Leelanau, and Manistee counties. The Band's federal land base

1554-556: The root of Uvularia grandiflora with lard and use it as salve to massage sore muscles and tendons. They use Symphyotrichum novae-angliae as a fumigating reviver. Vaccinium myrtilloides is part of their traditional cuisine, and is eaten fresh, dried, and canned. They also use the root bark of the plant for an unspecified ailment. The Potawatomi first lived in Lower Michigan, then moved to northern Wisconsin and eventually settled into northern Indiana and central Illinois. In

1596-409: The state court. The water resources within the 1855 reservation area include Grand Traverse Bay , the eastern shore of Michigan, Lake Leelanau , Elk Lake , and their watersheds. Other natural resources of importance include undeveloped forested parcels and areas of traditional and cultural hunting , fishing and plant gathering. The Grand Traverse Band's Natural Resources Department is made up of

1638-584: The time of the War of 1812, a band of Potawatomi inhabited the area near Fort Dearborn , where Chicago developed. Led by the chiefs Blackbird and Nuscotomeg (Mad Sturgeon), a force of about 500 warriors attacked the United States evacuation column leaving Fort Dearborn. They killed most of the civilians and 54 of Captain Nathan Heald 's force, and wounded many others. George Ronan , the first graduate of West Point to be killed in combat, died in this ambush. The incident

1680-492: The tribes by Caldwell and Robinson. In return for land cessions, the US promised new lands, annuities and supplies to enable the peoples to develop new homes. The Illinois Potawatomi were removed to Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi to Kansas , both west of the Mississippi River. Often annuities and supplies were reduced, or late in arrival, and the Potawatomi suffered after their relocations. Those in Kansas were later removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma ). The removal of

1722-503: The water to retrieve the fire. She brings back a hot coal out of which the animals make fire, and they celebrate her honor and bravery. The Potawatomi are first mentioned in French records, which suggest that in the early 17th century, they lived in what is now southwestern Michigan . During the Beaver Wars they fled to the area around Green Bay to escape attacks by both the Iroquois and

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1764-506: The west. There are several active bands of Potawatomi. Federally recognized Potawatomi tribes in the United States: La Chauvignerie (1736) and Morgan (1877) mention among the Potawatomi doodems (clans) being: They regard Epigaea repens as their tribal flower and consider it to have come directly from their divinity. Allium tricoccum is consumed in traditional Potawatomi cuisine. They mix an infusion of

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