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93-574: The Grand Circus Park Historic District contains the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Grand Circus Park in Downtown Detroit , Michigan that connects the theatre district with its financial district . It is bisected by Woodward Avenue, four blocks north of Campus Martius Park , and is roughly bounded by Clifford, John R. and Adams Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building at 25 West Elizabeth Street

186-472: A 200-plus-room hotel, office, retail and event space. Further ongoing new construction underway were The Exchange, a 16-story residential tower, and the 20-story Huntington Bank headquarters tower. In late 2021, Stephen Ross and Christopher Ilitch announced plans for the new home of the University of Michigan's Detroit Center for Innovation (DCI), a $ 250 million, 4-acre, three building graduate school campus in

279-632: A Detroit-based record label created in 1968 by the Holland-Dozier-Holland song writing team after they left Motown Records. The following year Chairmen of the Board had the first hit for Invictus Records with " Give Me Just a Little More Time ." Dennis Coffey and the Detroit Guitar Band's song " Scorpio " charted at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972. During the disco craze of

372-547: A classic Roman figure symbolizing Michigan by American sculptor Daniel French who sculpted the figure of Lincoln for the Memorial. In 1957, the City of Detroit constructed a parking garage under the two halves of the park. The eastern portion houses space for 250 cars and the western portion accommodates 540. The half-moon shaped park is divided down its center by Woodward Avenue , the city's main thoroughfare. The Alger Fountain anchors

465-444: A hit with "I Wanna Testify" for Revilot Records, and marked the beginning of funk in mainstream R&B . In 1968, Clinton changed the name of The Parliaments in 1968 to Funkadelic following a legal dispute with Revilot, but in 1970 reclaimed the rights and renamed the group as simply "Parliament" . Eventually the group became known as simply P-Funk which is short for Parliament-Funkadelic . In 1967, Berry Gordy purchased what

558-449: A long career that made him the most prominent and successful of the Detroit blues players of the post-war period, as well as the most-recorded, with over 500 tracks to his credit. Teaming up with Hooker in the late 1940s was the guitarist and harmonica player Eddie "Guitar" Burns , who played on several Hooker tracks and performed regularly on the Detroit blues scene. Another sideman of Hooker

651-497: A long list of blues forebears who came to work in the automotive industry. Another transplant was the former classic female blues singer, Sippie Wallace , who had moved to Detroit in 1929, but did not resume her blues singing career until 1966. In the wake of the 1967 Detroit riot the local blues scene nearly died out, being salvaged only through the help of Mississippi Delta native Uncle Jessie White, pianist and harmonica player, who hosted weekend-long blues jams at his house for

744-684: A number of primary and secondary schools in the city, along with those in the metro area. There are 23 Catholic high schools in the Archdiocese of Detroit . Of the three Catholic high schools in the city, two are operated by the Society of Jesus and the third is co-sponsored by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Congregation of St. Basil . The Detroit Public Library operates

837-553: A reflecting pool. In 2007, Downtown Detroit was named among the best big-city neighborhoods in which to retire by CNN Money Magazine editors. Downtown contains popular destinations, including the International Riverfront , the MGM Grand Detroit , Greektown Casino Hotel , and many sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Downtown Detroit hosts over 92,000 workers which make up about one-fifth of

930-489: A site in the eastern half of the park facing Pingree across Woodward Avenue. After the 1957 garage construction, Pingree was returned to his original site while Maybury was placed at the north boundary of the park with his back to his foe. In the 1990s, both statues moved once again to their current locations. Among the notable buildings encircling the park are the David Broderick Tower and David Whitney Building on

1023-534: A top charting hit with Bootzilla . George Clinton and his band Parliament-Funkadelic is often cited as being a direct influence on the future Detroit Techno scene that emerged in the early 1980s. Detroit has a long and rich history associated with rock and roll . In 1954 Hank Ballard & the Midnighters crossed over from the R&;B charts to the pop charts with " Work with Me, Annie ". The song nearly broke into

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1116-539: A young Suzi Quatro ), Four of Us and the Mushrooms (which both featured Glenn Frey ), Sky (which featured a young Doug Fieger), and blue-eyed soul rockers The Rationals . In 1965 Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels had a national top 10 hit with "Jenny Take A Ride!" and then again the following year in 1966 with " Devil with a Blue Dress On "/" Good Golly, Miss Molly ". Also in 1966, Flint's Question Mark &

1209-570: Is Campus Martius Park . Following the Great Fire of 1805 , the design for the downtown area was left open to a new vision. Augustus B. Woodward proposed a radial design for the post-fire city, where major streets such as Woodward , Washington, and Madison Avenue would spiral off Grand Circus Park . The downtown streets still loosely follow Woodward's original design. Business in Detroit boomed along with its growing automobile industry, leading to an increase in downtown's population and wealth. Much of

1302-665: Is a major center in the United States for the creation and performance of music, and is best known for three developments: Motown , early punk rock (or proto-punk ), and techno . The Metro Detroit area has a musical history spanning the past century, beginning with the revival of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in 1914. The major genres represented in Detroit's music include classical , blues , jazz , gospel , R&B , rock , pop , punk , soul , electronic music , and hip hop . The greater Detroit area has been

1395-404: Is an ongoing debate whether or not this redevelopment is good for the downtown area and Detroit as a whole. In 2021, the 2-acre Hudson's site 680-foot tower, and the 232-foot tall, block-long building called "the block", with the two sections being separated by an activated alley, were under construction by Dan Gilbert's real estate firm, Bedrock Detroit, that will include 150 apartments,

1488-622: Is full of murals and other artwork from 27 international artists, and the floors are color-coded. The Z opened on January 30, 2014. On December 10, 2014, Punch Bowl Social opened a new 24,000-square-foot bi-level eatery and entertainment complex in The Z structure. Some places for entertainment and attractions within the downtown region include Campus Martius Park , Philip A. Hart Plaza , Coleman A. Young Community Center, Detroit Riverwalk , Fox Theatre , Ford Field , Little Caesars Arena , and Comerica Park . The University of Detroit Mercy School of Law

1581-569: Is lies on the historic site of Black Bottom and Paradise Valley. Black Bottom was one of the city's major African American communities, historically named by French colonial settlers for its rich soil. Paradise Valley was the business and entertainment district of Black Bottom, best known for its Paradise Theatre and Hotel Gotham, where prominent jazz figures such as Duke Ellington , Billie Holiday , and Louis Armstrong performed and stayed. Both neighborhoods were demolished to build I-375, and have since been replaced with Lafayette Park . Downtown

1674-690: Is located downtown across from the Renaissance Center . Wayne County Community College District (WCCCD) has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Downtown Campus of the district is located adjacent to Downtown Detroit and adjacent to the WCCCD headquarters. Wayne State University is located in Midtown Detroit . The Corktown Campus, near downtown at 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, houses

1767-424: Is located in Downtown Detroit; it is the only TV station in the Detroit media market with studios located in the city as WXYZ , WJBK , WWJ , WMYD , WPXD , and WKBD (affiliates of ABC , Fox , CBS , MyNetworkTV , Ion Television and The CW respectively) have their studios in the nearby city of Southfield . Downtown Detroit has seen a major growth in entertainment in the past decade. Campus Martius Park

1860-529: Is now known as Motown Mansion in Detroit's Boston-Edison Historic District . Motown Records relocated to the West coast 1972, yet Detroit remained an important center of R&B with acts such as Freda Payne , The Floaters , Enchantment , Ray Parker Jr. (both solo and with his group Raydio ), One Way , Oliver Cheatham , Cherrelle , The Jones Girls , Anita Baker , and BeBe & CeCe Winans . In 1969 The Flaming Ember had several hits for Hot Wax Records ,

1953-608: Is now recognized as the first all African American punk band. Rodriguez began his career in the early 1970s, and while an unknown in Detroit, gained a following in South Africa and Australia. Also during this time, Detroit area native Deniz Tek was creating the punk band Radio Birdman in Australia in the mold of classic Detroit rock bands of the MC5 and The Stooges. The Ramrods were a short-lived punk rock band that debuted in 1977. During

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2046-619: Is often cited as "America's Greatest Rock Critic,". Detroit in the 1960s was also home for a few years to the then unknown Joni Mitchell . Fortune Records also released numerous " Hillbilly " Americana folk records in this period. During the 1970s, several local Metro Detroit acts achieved national or international fame, including Bob Seger , Iggy Pop , Ted Nugent , Alice Cooper , Grand Funk Railroad , and Glenn Frey of Eagles . Other local groups, like Brownsville Station and Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen , enjoyed brief national exposure. Non-Detroit rock bands paid tribute to

2139-561: Is open year-round, with ice skating in the winter with a huge Christmas tree display, to a large fountain and many concerts in the summer. Downtown Detroit has also seen major growth in retail, such as Michigan-based Moosejaw outdoor clothing. In December 2012, the largest Buffalo Wild Wings in the country opened in the district, and a new mixed-use development by CEO Dan Gilbert , businessman, and developer, The Z , due to its Z-like shape, with 1,300 parking spaces, artwork, LED lighting, and 33,000-square-feet of street level retail space. The Z

2232-693: Is the Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel . In 2006, the Cleveland-based Ferchill Group began the $ 180 million redevelopment of the historic Book Cadlliac Hotel at the corner of Washington Boulevard and Michigan Avenue. The project, which has been hailed by preservationists, houses a 455-room Westin Hotel, 67 high-end condominiums, and two to three restaurants, and some miscellaneous retail serving hotel and conference center guests. DTE Energy Headquarters features an urban oasis of parks, walkways, and

2325-722: The Billboard Hot 100 and started a national dance craze. Also in 1960, Jack Scott had his final top 10 hits with " What in the World's Come Over You " and " Burning Bridges ". The following year, rocker Del Shannon had his own No. 1 hit in March 1961 with the song " Runaway ". This was followed by the top 10 hits " Hats Off to Larry " in June 1961 and " Little Town Flirt " in 1962. In 1964, Detroit's one-hit wonders The Reflections had their own Top 10 hit single with " (Just Like) Romeo and Juliet ". By 1964, teen clubs around Metro Detroit such as

2418-611: The Buddy Miles Express and the rock bands Cactus and The Rockets , McCarty joined the Detroit Blues Band, with whom he cut two records in the 1990s, after which he formed his own blues band, Mystery Train. Another artist to appear in the late 1980s was the blues singer and Detroit native Thornetta Davis , who cut her first solo album in 1996. Davis has won numerous local awards as a blues artist and vocalist, and continued to perform locally and nationally. The late 1990s saw

2511-517: The Deep South . In the 1920s, Detroit was home to a number of pianists who performed in the clubs of Black Bottom and played in the boogie-woogie style, such as Speckled Red , Charlie Spand , William Ezell , and most prominently, Big Maceo Merriweather . As Detroit had no established recording scene at the time, all of these players eventually migrated to Chicago to record for various labels. Spand reminisced about his time in Detroit while playing on

2604-538: The Detroit School of Arts . Aaliyah was also the niece of former Detroit politician Barry Hankerson and soul singer Gladys Knight . She had several hit songs including the No. 1 hit " Try Again " in 2000. Aaliyah was not the only Detroit School of Arts graduate to go on to musical success; since her graduation, Teairra Marí has enjoyed a successful career, including her hit single " Make Her Feel Good " in 2005. One of

2697-570: The Fox Theatre . Ernst & Young has offices in One Kennedy Square on Campus Martius Park . Pricewaterhouse Coopers has offices in a building across from Ford Field . Chrysler maintains executive offices at Chrysler House in the city's Financial District . In 2011, Quicken Loans moved its headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown. Comerica Bank and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan are also major employers downtown. Throughout

2790-689: The M-1 Rail Line , which opened to the public in 2017. It runs 3.3 miles on Woodward Avenue from Congress Street in Downtown Detroit to the Grand Boulevard station in New Center . Companies with headquarters in Downtown Detroit include Compuware , Dickinson Wright , General Motors , Little Caesars , Campbell-Ewald , Miller Canfield , and Quicken Loans . On October 28, 2014, Fifth Third Bank announced plans to move its Michigan regional headquarters from Southfield to downtown Detroit in what

2883-606: The North End . Downtown contains much historic architecture , including prominent skyscrapers, ranging from the Renaissance Center , the Penobscot Building , One Detroit Center , and the Guardian Building . Historic churches, theatres , and commercial buildings anchor the various downtown districts. Downtown has a number of parks including those linked by a promenade along the International Riverfront . Its central square

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2976-489: The Renaissance Center , and the Detroit Lions have relocated from Pontiac to Downtown Detroit. High-profile events like the 2005 MLB All-Star Game , Super Bowl XL , and the 2006 and 2012 World Series have taken place in downtown, generating income for local businesses and spurring more growth. As a result, new residents are moving into Detroit in the assortment of new lofts that are opening. An example of these trends

3069-593: The Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA) circuit, playing primarily at the Koppin Theatre on the southern edge of Paradise Valley . The Koppin was the premier venue for Detroit's black musical community throughout the 1920s. It ceased operation in 1931, a casualty of the Great Depression . The decade of the 1930s saw a dearth of blues music in Detroit, which did not see a resurgence until

3162-534: The University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry and Dental Clinic. The main campus of the University of Detroit Mercy is located uptown. The Detroit College of Law was in Downtown Detroit until 1997. It moved to East Lansing, Michigan in 1997 and is now known as the Michigan State University College of Law . As of 2016 there is a concentration of charter schools and senior high schools in

3255-525: The University of Michigan on a dance scholarship. Several of Madonna's early hits were co-written by ex-boyfriend and fellow Detroit Native Stephen Bray . Also during the 1980s, Detroit pop rockers Was (Not Was) breakthrough album What Up, Dog? spawned two Top 20 hits with the songs "Spy in the House of Love" and "Walk the Dinosaur." 1990s pop star Aaliyah (1979-2001) was raised in Detroit and graduated from

3348-593: The 1929 Blind Blake single, "Hastings Street". During the 1920s, Detroit was also host to most of the notable singers of the classic female blues , including "The Queen of the Blues" Mamie Smith , "The Mother of the Blues" Ma Rainey , "The Empress of the Blues" Bessie Smith , "The Uncrowned Queen of the Blues" Ida Cox , "The Queen of the Moaners" Clara Smith , "The Famous Moanin' Mama" Sara Martin , and Ethel Waters . Most of these performers visited Detroit on tour as part of

3441-514: The 1960s on, the nightclubs and music venues in Detroit could be found dispersed throughout the city and catering to all genres; from jazz at Baker's Keyboard Lounge on the northern border of the city, to rock and roll at the Grande Ballroom on the west side. The genesis of blues music in Detroit occurred as a result of the first wave of the Great Migration of African Americans from

3534-711: The 1980s & 1990s, metro Detroit rock bands that had minor to major attention and/or critical acclaim include The Romantics , Glenn Frey , The Gories , Kid Rock and his band Twisted Brown Trucker , The Dirtbombs , Outrageous Cherry , The Hentchmen , Electric Six , Sponge , The Verve Pipe , Big Chief , Discipline , Goober & the Peas , Robert Bradley's Blackwater Surprise , Adrenalin , Seduce , Madam X , His Name Is Alive , Loudhouse , Majesty Crush , The Detroit Cobras , Brendan Benson , Demolition Doll Rods , Halloween , The Sights , and ska-punk band The Suicide Machines . The 1980s also saw Marshall Crenshaw from

3627-648: The 400 Tower, the Consulate-General of Canada in Detroit is located in Suite 1100 of the 600 Tower, and the Consulate of Italy in Detroit is located in Suite 950 of the 400 Tower. The Consulate of Italy in Detroit used to be located in Suite 1840 in the Buhl Building until 2021. The Consulate of Mexico in Detroit is located in Suite 830 in the Penobscot Building . Music of Detroit Detroit , Michigan ,

3720-453: The Downtown Detroit area - there were eleven high schools and 1,894 high school-aged students in the area- relative to other parts of Detroit which had more high school students but fewer schools available. This is because Downtown Detroit is relatively wealthy compared to other parts of Detroit and because of gentrification . The Detroit Public Schools , charter schools, and private schools serve city residents. Downtown residents enrolled in

3813-613: The Fifth Dimension in Ann Arbor and the Hideout off of 8 Mile Road and Harper Road, were a hotbed for young and promising garage rock bands such as The Underdogs , The Fugitives , Unrelated Segments , Terry Knight and the Pack (which featured Don Brewer ), ASTIGAFA (which featured a young Marshall Crenshaw ), The Lords (featuring a young Ted Nugent ), The Pleasure Seekers (which featured

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3906-693: The Meditations Singers, indisputably the premier Detroit-based, female gospel group of that era. Theirs was the first Motor City act to introduce instrumental backing to traditional a cappella vocals. Della joined the ranks of the gospel elite in Detroit, while Mattie Moss Clark is believed to be the first to introduce three part harmony into gospel choral music. In the 1960s, the Reverend CL Franklin found success with his recorded sermons on Chess Record's gospel label and with an album of spirituals recorded at his New Bethel Baptist Church included

3999-606: The Mysterians had a No. 1 hit with " 96 Tears ". In 1967, Detroit blues-rock outfit The Woolies had a regional smash hit with the Bo Diddley song " Who Do You Love? ". Tommy James and the Shondells had several top 40 hits including " I Think We're Alone Now " and " Crimson and Clover ". In the late 1960s, two well-known high-energy rock bands emerged from Detroit – the MC5 and Iggy and

4092-541: The Paradise Theatre in honor of the Paradise Valley district. Eventually urban renewal projects during the late 1950s and early 1960s demolished Black Bottom and replaced it with a freeway and the neighborhood centered on Lafayette Park , (designed by Mies van der Rohe and others). As Black Bottom was disappearing, the nascent Motown label was beginning to build an eventual empire on West Grand Boulevard. From

4185-558: The Rose and Robert Skillman Branch Library downtown at 121 Gratiot with the library headquarters located in Midtown . The downtown branch first opened January 4, 1932. Skillman received its current name after the Skillman Foundation donated to the library system. Three consulates are located in the Renaissance Center ; the Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit is located on the 16th Floor of

4278-497: The Stooges . These two bands laid the groundwork for the future punk and hard rock movements in the late 1970s. Other notable bands from this time frame included Alice Cooper , The Amboy Dukes (featuring Ted Nugent), The Bob Seger System , Frijid Pink , SRC , The Up , The Frost (featuring Dick Wagner ), Popcorn Blizzard (featuring Meat Loaf ), Cactus and the soulful sounds of Rare Earth and The Flaming Ember . Much of

4371-627: The Vandellas , Edwin Starr , Little Willie John , The Contours and The Spinners . Even before Motown, Detroit had an active R&B and soul community. In 1955, the influential soul singer Little Willie John made his debut, and throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Detroit-based R&B label Fortune Records enjoyed success with Nolan Strong & The Diablos and their hit songs "The Wind", "Mind Over Matter", and "The Way You Dog Me Around". Smokey Robinson noted in his biography that Strong's high tenor

4464-464: The artistic side of the label until its demise in 1952. Local entrepreneur Joe Von Battle was another key figure on the blues scene; in the back of his record shop on Hastings Street he recorded a number of blues acts that appeared on his JVB and Von record labels. The entertainment districts of Hastings Street and Paradise Valley were razed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the victims of urban renewal programs. This loss of music venues, along with

4557-661: The band simply called Detroit , which featured Mitch Ryder on vocals and Johnny "Bee" Badanjek on drums, The Rockets , which featured Jim McCarty on guitar and Badanjek on drums, and The New MC5 featuring Rob Tyner on vocals. Suzi Quatro of The Pleasure Seekers released her debut solo album in 1973. Two groups from this period remained relatively obscure while they were together, achieving greater fame only decades later: Destroy All Monsters and Death . Destroy All Monsters featured artists Niagara , Mike Kelley , Carey Loren, and Jim Shaw as well as Stooges guitarist Ron Asheton in its later incarnation. Formed in 1971, Death

4650-509: The birthplace and/or primary venue for numerous platinum -selling artists, whose total album sales, according to one estimate, had surpassed 40 million units by 2000. The success of Detroit-based rappers quadrupled that figure in the first decade of the 2000s. The Detroit area's diverse population includes residents of European, Middle Eastern, Latino, Asian and African descent, with each group adding its musical traditions. The African-American population in particular contributed greatly to

4743-416: The blues scene in and around the city. Another transplant from Chicago in the 1970s was Johnny "Yard Dog" Jones , who played in Detroit for the next four decades. Jones became part of a strong tradition of Detroit harp players, including Harmonica Shah , who also came on the scene in the 1970s. In the late 1980s, one of the most prominent Detroit blues players was Jim McCarty . After successful stints with

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4836-462: The bus systems downtown. It is adjacent to two stops on the Detroit People Mover . The People Mover, a 2.94-mile (4.7 km) automated rail rapid transit system, operates on a single-track, one-way loop through the downtown area. Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation has its headquarters in the Buhl Building in Downtown Detroit. In late July 2014, construction began on

4929-424: The city through such songs as " Detroit Rock City " by Kiss , "Detroit Breakdown" by The J. Geils Band and " Panic in Detroit " by David Bowie . In the early 1970s, several new Detroit bands were formed out of earlier bands that had broken up. These acts included rock acts such as Sonic's Rendezvous Band (featuring Fred "Sonic" Smith of the MC5, Scott Morgan of The Rationals, Scott Asheton of The Stooges),

5022-748: The city's total employment base; in addition, it is home to about 6,200 residents. Downtown offers a number of residential high rises, including Riverfront Towers , The Albert , and Town Residences . The Renaissance Center contains the Detroit Marriott hotel, General Motors headquarters, as well as many shops and restaurants. Compuware has its headquarters in the Compuware World Headquarters building by Campus Martius Park in Downtown Detroit. Compuware moved its headquarters and 4,000 employees to Downtown Detroit in 2003. Little Caesars and Olympia Entertainment have their headquarters in

5115-531: The debut of his young daughter, Grammy Award winner Aretha Franklin . In the 1980s, the Winans dynasty produced Grammy winners Cece and BeBe Winans . Other notable gospel acts include J Moss , Bill Moss, Jr. , The Clark Sisters , Rance Allen Group , Vanessa Bell Armstrong , Thomas Whitfield , Byron Cage and Fred Hammond . As the Jazz Age began, Detroit quickly emerged as an important musical center. Among

5208-399: The discussion of gentrification within the city. The downtown area is notably wealthier than other parts of the city, and has attracted a new demographic of white, middle-class tourists and residents, physically and culturally displacing the black residents of the inner city. The ever-increasing lack of affordable housing and venues for locals have further contributed to this displacement. It

5301-454: The downtown District Detroit area. As of the 2020 Census , there were 6,151 people living in the district. The population density was 4,271.5 people per square mile (1,649.2/km ). There were 5,323 housing units. The census reported the district residents as 54.2% White , 30.4% Black , 0.4% Native American , 6.4% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 2.2% other races , and 6.0% two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of

5394-558: The downtown area's architecture was built during this boom, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and still attracts the attention of architects. Several buildings were built by the famous Minoru Yamasaki (most well known for designing the twin towers in New York City), including the McGregor Memorial Conference Center and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building . The area where I-375

5487-727: The east necklace, the area contains architecturally notable buildings planned for renovation as high-rise residential condominiums such as the Gothic Revival Metropolitan Building at 33 John R Street. The Hilton Garden Inn is also in the Harmonie Park area. The east necklace area is serviced by the People Mover at the Cadillac and Broadway Stations. Downtown Detroit The city's main thoroughfare M-1 (Woodward Avenue) links Downtown to Midtown , New Center , and

5580-448: The eastern edge of the park and the grounds include statuary and large fountains. Near this historic site, General George Armstrong Custer delivered a eulogy for thousands gathered to mourn the death of President Abraham Lincoln . Architect Henry Bacon designed the Russell Alger Memorial Fountain (1921) in Grand Circus Park. Bacon's other projects include the Lincoln Memorial (1915–1922) in Washington, D.C. The fountain contains

5673-424: The eastern half and is capped on its north western edge with a statue of mayor William Cotter Maybury . Its western half is anchored by the Edison Fountain and capped on its north eastern edge with a statue of mayor Hazen Pingree . The Maybury and Pingree monuments have been relocated several times. The Pingree statue was erected in 1904 near Woodward and Park Avenues facing south, while his rival, Maybury, occupied

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5766-429: The elite top 20 despite being barred from airplay on many stations due to its suggestive lyrics. In 1955, Detroit-native Bill Haley ushered in the rock and roll era with the release of " Rock Around The Clock ". In the late 1950s rockabilly guitarist Jack Scott had a string of top 40 hits. First, in 1957 with "Leroy", then in 1958 with the hits " My True Love " and "With Your Love" and then twice again in 1959 with

5859-448: The emergence of The White Stripes , led by guitarist and Detroit native Jack White . Although ostensibly a garage rock band, a significant amount of their material consisted of blues cover songs, and the band is considered a proponent of the punk blues and blues rock genres. In March 2016, blues singer and guitarist Laith Al-Saadi was chosen to be a contestant on the musical competition series The Voice , and after impressing

5952-420: The hard-bop and post-bop styles, especially in the rhythm sections that drove the classic groups of Miles Davis and John Coltrane , and contributions to the bands of Charles Mingus , Horace Silver and The Jazz Messengers . Venues in Detroit today include The Hot Club of Detroit, founded 2003 at Wayne State University , Cliff Bell's , Baker's Keyboard Lounge and The Dirty Dog Jazz Cafe. Detroit has been

6045-419: The help of Motown. Perhaps the best known of such artists was Aretha Franklin . Other non-Motown acts included The Capitols with their 1966 hit " Cool Jerk " and Darrell Banks with " Open the Door to Your Heart ". The following year, J.J Barnes had his biggest hit with "Baby Please Come Back Home". In 1967, longtime back room barbershop doo wop group The Parliaments , featuring George Clinton , scored

6138-506: The highlights of Detroit's musical history was the success of Motown Records during the 1960s and early 1970s. The label was founded in the late 1950s was founded by auto plant worker Berry Gordy , and was originally known as Tamla Records . As Motown, it became home to some of the most popular recording acts in the world, including Marvin Gaye , The Temptations , Stevie Wonder , Diana Ross & The Supremes , Smokey Robinson & The Miracles , The Four Tops , Martha Reeves &

6231-472: The historic downtown. The construction sites reserved for development under the agreement include the location of the former Statler on Grand Circus Park and the former Hudson's location. (The western edge of the park was formerly home to the now demolished Statler and Tuller hotels). Grand Circus is serviced by a People Mover station . The Detroit Opera House is located at Broadway and Grand Circus. The east necklace of downtown links Grand Circus and

6324-400: The hits " Goodbye Baby " and "The Way I Walk." Scott was one of the first musicians to marry country music 's melodic song craft to the dangerous, raw power of rock and roll. In 1959 Hank Ballard & The Midnighters had a minor hit with their b-side song " The Twist ". A cover by Philadelphia native Chubby Checker followed in 1960. His single became a smash hit, reaching No. 1 on

6417-405: The home to several well-known pop artists, including Margaret Whiting , Sonny Bono and Suzi Quatro , who may be best known for her role as Leather Tuscadero on the hit 1970s TV show Happy Days . One of the most famous is Madonna . Although Madonna was born and spent her early summers in Bay City, she was raised outside of Detroit, in Rochester (about 35 miles from Detroit itself) and went to

6510-449: The judges with a version of The Box Tops ' song " The Letter ", Blake Shelton and Adam Levine both turned their chairs for his performance. Detroit has produced some of the most famous gospel singers in past decades. In the 1940s, Oliver Green formed The Detroiters , who became one of the most popular Gospel groups of their era. In the 1950s, Laura Lee and a young Della Reese began their long and distinguished careers coming out of

6603-437: The late 1970s, Detroit artists had several dance hits. In 1975, Stevie Wonder 's drummer Hamilton Bohannon had a hit with "Foot Stompin' Music", while Donald Byrd & The Blackbyrds infused jazz with dance friendly elements that produced the song "Change (Makes You Wanna Hustle)". In 1977 Brainstorm & C. J. & Company each had soul driven dance hits. In 1978, George Clinton 's bass player Bootsy Collins had

6696-473: The late 2010s a large amount of business and investment continued to enter the city and transform it. As of 2019, businesses such as Shinola , Google , Moosejaw , and Nike occupy the once-vacant street fronts. Investments such as new bike lanes, the Little Caesars Arena and QLine have been successful in attracting newcomers to the city. Downtown's transformation in recent years has also perpetuated

6789-501: The music scene during this time was centered around the legendary Grande Ballroom and its owner Russ Gibb . In 1969 a magazine based in and around Detroit known as CREEM : "America's Only Rock 'n' Roll Magazine," was started by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. CREEM is known as the first publication to coin the words " punk rock " and " heavy metal " and featured such famous editors such as Rob Tyner , Jaan Uhelszki , Patti Smith , Cameron Crowe , and Lester Bangs , who

6882-476: The musical legacy of Detroit in almost all genres. During the 1930s and 1940s, the near-east side neighborhoods known as Black Bottom and Paradise Valley became a major entertainment district, drawing nationally known blues singers, big bands, and jazz artists – such as Duke Ellington , Billy Eckstine , Pearl Bailey , Ella Fitzgerald , and Count Basie . During the 1940s, many of the same jazz acts also performed nearby at Orchestra Hall , which had been renamed

6975-1397: The musicians who relocated to Detroit were drummer Bill McKinney , who formed the seminal big band McKinney's Cotton Pickers with the great arranger, bandleader and composer, Don Redman . Detroit's musical prominence continued through the 1950s. Musicians from Detroit who achieved international recognition include Elvin Jones , Hank Jones , Thad Jones , Howard McGhee , Tommy Flanagan , Lucky Thompson , Louis Hayes , Barry Harris , Paul Chambers , Yusef Lateef , Marcus Belgrave , Milt Jackson , Kenny Burrell , Ron Carter , Curtis Fuller , Julius Watkins , Hugh Lawson , Frank Foster , J. R. Monterose , Doug Watkins , Sir Roland Hanna , Donald Byrd , Kenn Cox , George "Sax" Benson , Sonny Stitt , Alice Coltrane , Dorothy Ashby , Roy Brooks , Phil Ranelin , Faruq Z. Bey , Pepper Adams , Tani Tabbal , Charles McPherson , Frank Gant , Billy Mitchell , Kirk Lightsey , Lonnie Hillyer , James Carter , Geri Allen , Rick Margitza , Kenny Garrett , Betty Carter , Sippie Wallace , Robert Hurst , Rodney Whitaker , Karriem Riggins , Major Holley and Carlos McKinney . Other significant players who spent part of their career in Detroit include Benny Carter , Joe Henderson , Wardell Gray , Grant Green and Don Moye . As this list reflects, Detroit musicians were major contributors to

7068-531: The next four years. In 1973, the Ann Arbor Blues and Jazz Festival put on a "Music of Detroit" showcase, featuring a number of the older generation of blues artists, such as John Lee Hooker, Dr. Ross, Baby Boy Warren, Mr. Bo, Johnnie Mae Matthews, Eddie Burns, Bobo Jenkins, and Boogie Woogie Red. Shortly thereafter, the Chicago bluesman Willie D. Warren moved to Detroit, and spent the rest of his life performing on

7161-681: The owner of black newspapers in the United States, had its headquarters in the Globe Tobacco Building , and later the Buhl Building . The Detroit Media Partnership , housing both The Detroit News and the Detroit Free Press , has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Metro Times was previously headquartered in the Detroit Cornice and Slate Company Building in Downtown. The studio of WDIV (Detroit's NBC affiliate)

7254-511: The police department serves Downtown Detroit. Federal offices are in the Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building . They include an FBI field office . The Detroit Greyhound Lines station is directly west of Downtown along the John C. Lodge Freeway. The Detroit Department of Transportation system provides mass-transit by bus. The Rosa Parks Transit Center, completed in 2009, serves as the main hub for

7347-639: The public school system are zoned for Martin Luther King High School . Some downtown residents are zoned for Burton K-8 for elementary school, while others are zoned to Chrysler Elementary School. Burton K-8 and Bunche K-8 serve portions of Downtown for middle school. Previously Dewey K-8 served portions of Downtown Detroit for elementary school. Previously Miller Middle School, and Duffield Middle School served portions of Downtown Detroit. Previously Murray-Wright High School served Downtown Detroit for high school. The Archdiocese of Detroit lists

7440-435: The rise of Motown in Detroit and the popularity of rock and roll , led to the eventual demise of the Detroit blues scene in the late 1960s. Many Detroit-based musicians pursued their careers on tour elsewhere in the world, leaving only a few noteworthy artists to carry on the tradition. Among them were The Butler Twins , Clarence (guitar and vocals) and Curtis (harmonica), who emigrated to Detroit from Alabama in 1961, joining

7533-669: The second wave of the Great Migration hit during the 1940s, bringing musicians such as John Lee Hooker to Detroit to work in the factories of the Arsenal of Democracy . These artists brought with them a style of blues music rooted in the Mississippi Delta region. Though not strictly a Delta blues musician, Hooker was born in the epicenter of the tradition, in Clarksdale, Mississippi , and migrated to Detroit in 1943. He scored an early hit with his first single, " Boogie Chillen ", and began

7626-459: The song "Bacon Fat." In 1961, Nathaniel Mayer & Fabulous Twilights hit the charts with "Village of Love," which became one of Fortune's top-selling singles. Mayer recorded a string of popular 45s for Fortune, even once performing on Dick Clark's American Bandstand . In 1959, The Falcons (featuring Wilson Pickett and Eddie Floyd ) had a hit with " You're So Fine ". Also that year, Jackie Wilson had his first hit with " Reet Petite ", which

7719-451: The south, Kales Building , and Central United Methodist Church on the north, and Comerica Park and Detroit Opera House on the East. On November 12, 2007, Quicken Loans announced its development agreement with the city to move its headquarters to downtown Detroit, consolidating about 4,000 of its suburban employees in a move considered to be a high importance to city planners to reestablish

7812-942: The stadium area to Greektown along Broadway. The east necklace contains a sub-district sometimes called the Harmonie Park District, which has taken on the renowned legacy of Detroit's music from 1930s through the 1950s to the present. Near the Opera House , and emanating from Grand Circus along the east necklace are other venues including the Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts and the Gem Theatre and Century Club . The historic Harmonie Club and Harmonie Centre are located along Broadway. The Harmonie Park area ends near Gratiot and Randolph. The Detroit Athletic Club stands in view of center field at Comerica Park . Part of

7905-650: The total population. As recently as 2011 the population of full-time residents in Downtown Detroit was relatively low. However, its population grew by an estimated 15 percent between 2012 and 2016 as it experienced a construction boom. The city of Detroit offices are located in the Coleman Young Municipal Building . The Guardian Building serves as headquarters for Wayne County . Detroit Fire Department has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Detroit Police Department has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Central District patrol division of

7998-845: Was Eddie Kirkland , who played second guitar for him in Detroit and on tour from 1949 to 1962, and later went on to a long solo career. Other notable musicians on the 1950s blues scene were the singers Alberta Adams and singer/guitarists Doctor Ross , Baby Boy Warren , Johnnie Bassett , Sylvester Cotton , Andrew Dunham , Calvin Frazier , Mr. Bo , John Brim and Louisiana Red ; percussionist Washboard Willie ; harmonica players Big John Wrencher , Sonny Boy Williamson II , Little Sonny , and Grace Brim (who also sang and played drums); and pianists Joe Weaver and Boogie Woogie Red . Also of note were singer Johnnie Mae Matthews and singer/guitarist Bobo Jenkins , both of whom started their own labels, Northern Records and Big Star Records, respectively. It

8091-421: Was Fortune Records , and its subsidiary labels Hi-Q, Strate 8 and Blue Star, which ran from 1948 to 1970. Fortune released hundreds of recordings in many genres, including tracks by Hooker, Kirkland, Jenkins, Dr. Ross and Maceo Merriweather. Another important Detroit label from the period was Sensation Records , started by John Kaplan and Bernard Besman. In 1948, Besman recorded Hooker's "Boogie Chillen" and ran

8184-503: Was added to the district in 2000, and additional structures located within the district, but built between 1932 and 1960, were approved for inclusion in 2012. A part of Augustus Woodward 's plan to rebuild the city after the fire of 1805 , the city established the park in 1850. Woodward's original plan called for the park to be a full circle, but after construction began, property owners north of Adams Street were reluctant to sell due to rising land values. The Detroit Opera House overlooks

8277-428: Was co-written by a young Berry Gordy Jr. The Volumes had a hit single in 1962 for Chex Records with the single "I Love You". That same year singer/songwriter Barbara Lewis had a hit with the single " Hello Stranger ", while Gino Washington had cross-racial appeal and achieved Midwest hits in 1963 and 1964 with "Out of This World" and "Gino Is a Coward". Several other Detroit artists became nationally known without

8370-480: Was his biggest vocal influence. Strong is remembered on the 2010 album Daddy Rockin Strong: A Tribute to Nolan Strong & The Diablos – a tribute compilation that features current rock and roll bands covering Diablos songs. The album was compiled and released by The Wind Records and Norton Records . In 1956, notable blues and R&B singer Zeffrey "Andre" Williams recorded a string of singles for Fortune, including

8463-412: Was once notorious for its abandonment, vacant buildings, and disinvestment. However, in recent years, the downtown area has seen tremendous growth and redevelopment. Since 2000 a number of major construction projects have been completed including the new Compuware Headquarters at Campus Martius Park and two new stadiums: Comerica Park and Ford Field . General Motors moved their headquarters into

8556-481: Was the emergence of local record labels in Detroit in the 1940s and 1950s which helped the blues scene to flourish, compared to the 1920s, when blues artists generally emigrated to Chicago to record their music. Some small labels, including Staff, Holiday, Modern, and Prize Records, only existed for a brief time, while other labels experienced greater success. The most prominent of the Detroit-based labels from this era

8649-642: Was to be named the Fifth Third Bank Building at One Woodward . The bank was to occupy about 62,000 sq ft (5,800 m ) of the structure and has also pledged to invest $ 85 million in the city of Detroit. The office had 150 employees. Previously Comerica Bank had its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. On March 6, 2007, the company announced its decision to relocate its corporate headquarters to Dallas . The company executives began moving to Dallas in November 2007. At one time Real Times Media ,

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