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35-694: 1919 U.S. federal law establishing Grand Canyon National Park Grand Canyon National Park Act [REDACTED] Long title An Act To establish the Grand Canyon National Park in the State of Arizona. Enacted by the 65th United States Congress Legislative history Introduced in the House as S. 390 Signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on February 26, 1919 The Grand Canyon National Park Act , 65th Congress ,

70-490: A Jewish Socialist, London's position on Zionism further complicated his political situation. Although he upset socialist Labor Zionists by refusing to introduce a resolution endorsing the Balfour Declaration into the House of Representatives, London did not oppose the right of Jews to live "a separate and distinct national existence fortified by a Jewish state ... All that I ask of them is that they should not speak in

105-799: A National Park: 1882-1919" (PDF) . Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park . Grand Canyon Association . Retrieved March 8, 2015 . External links [ edit ] U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 40, Part 1, Chap. 44, pp. 1175-78. "An Act To establish the Grand Canyon National Park in the State of Arizona." S. 390, Public Act No. 277 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Canyon_National_Park_Act&oldid=1215119333 " Categories : 1919 in American law 65th United States Congress Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

140-626: A dispute over the strategy of socialist colonization. In 1898, London again ran for New York Assembly in the old 4th Assembly District, this time as the candidate of the SDP. In the summer of 1901, the Chicago-based SDP merged with another group of former adherents of the Socialist Labor Party to form the Socialist Party of America (SPA), and London transferred his political allegiance to

175-403: A job as a librarian, a position which allowed him sufficient time to read about history and politics and to study law in his free time. Meyer also frequented radical meetings, gradually developing proficiency as a public speaker and participant in public debates . In 1896, London was accepted to the law school of New York University , attending most of his classes at night. He completed

210-429: A traditional Jewish primary school in which he learned Hebrew , before entering Russian-language schools to begin his secular education. In 1891, when Meyer was 20, the family decided to follow his father to America so Meyer terminated his studies and departed for New York City, taking up residence in the city's largely Jewish Lower East Side . In America, Meyer's father had become a commercial printer, doing jobs in

245-414: A winning coalition, emerging victorious despite the violence and fraud practiced by the campaign of his Tammany Hall -supported Democratic opponent in the election of 1914. London thus became the second Socialist elected to Congress, following Wisconsin 's Victor Berger . As a Congressman, Meyer London was one of 50 representatives and six senators to vote against entry into World War I . Once America

280-702: Is different from Wikidata 65th United States Congress The 65th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1917, to March 4, 1919, during the fifth and sixth years of Woodrow Wilson 's presidency . The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives

315-553: The 17th Amendment , starting in 1914 U.S. senators were directly elected instead of by the state legislatures. However, this did not affect the terms of U.S. senators whose terms had started before that Amendment took effect, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1918; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1922. The count below reflects changes from

350-644: The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America , in the Lower East Side of Manhattan is named after him. There is also a K-5 elementary school located in the Lower East Side named after Meyer London, also known as P.S. 2. In an article for The New York Review of Books , historian Tony Judt writes that London is a relative of his: "Our cousin Meyer London had emigrated in 1891 to New York from

385-638: The St. Louis Resolution right after it was adopted. He refused to introduce bills suggested by the National Executive Committee. He neglected every opportunity of manifesting the attitude of the Socialist Party ... When London sent his famous telegram to Russia not to conclude a separate peace, a good many of us felt that he ought to be recalled from Congress. If we had no courage to recall him then, let us have courage now to reconsider his nomination. As

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420-472: The Yiddish , Russian, and English languages and publishing his own radical weekly called Morgenstern. Efraim London's shop was a hub of activity, bringing together Jewish radical intellectuals from throughout the city, many of whom met and influenced the printer's son with their ideas. Meyer earned money as a tutor , taking on pupils at irregular hours and teaching literature and other topics. He later obtained

455-678: The American Congress passed a joint resolution stating its support for a homeland in Palestine for the Jewish people". He was defeated for reelection two years later by Samuel Dickstein . London was a cousin in the family of Tony Judt . He was an uncle of Ephraim London , and through Ephraim, grandnieces were Sheila Michaels , a remarkable activist in her own right, whom Ephraim never publicly acknowledged as his daughter, and Ephraim's nieces Harriet Fraad and Rosalyn Baxandall ; their mother Irma

490-576: The Bund , the Yiddish-language revolutionary movement in regions with significant Jewish populations in the old Russian Empire . London was active in the 1910 New York Cloakmakers strike, during which the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) brought out 50,000 in a successful struggle for higher wages and better work conditions against their employers. In his capacity as counsel for

525-576: The Democratic and Republican parties united behind a single "fusion" candidate and his own supporters fragmented, London narrowly lost reelection in 1918, falling to Henry M. Goldfogle by a tally of 7,269 to 6,519. Two years later, in 1920, the Lower East Side sent London back to Congress. The vote was 10,212 for London to 8,054 for Goldfogle. In Israel and the American National Interest , Cheryl A. Rubenberg states: "On September 21, 1922,

560-452: The ILGWU, London drew up and published a communique in the name of the strike committee. In this manifesto, London declared: We charge the employers with ruining the great trade built up by the industrious immigrants. We charge them with having corrupted the morale of thousands employed in the cloak trade. ... Treachery, slavishness and espionage are encouraged by the employers as great virtues of

595-562: The beginning of the first session of this Congress. Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On

630-455: The cloakmakers. This general strike is greater than any union . It is an irresistible movement of the people. It is a protest against conditions that can no longer be tolerated. This is the first great attempt to regulate conditions in the trade, to do away with that anarchy and chaos which keeps some of the men working sixteen hours a day during the hottest months of the year while thousands of others have no employment whatever. ... We appeal to

665-508: The committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee. Meyer London London was born in Kalvarija, Lithuania (then part of the Russian Empire ) on December 29, 1871. Meyer's father, Efraim London,

700-455: The courage to vote against the war or for standing by my country's decision when it chose war." London's support of the Wilson administration's war effort enraged many within the Socialist Party, who saw London's actions as a rank betrayal of the party's anti- militarist program. In a statement to members of the Socialist Party, London's radical opponents chronicled his transgressions: He ignored

735-488: The name of all Jews." Further, London believed in the possibility of a specifically socialist Jewish state, so long as it "can be accomplished without violating the Socialist principle which forbids forcible annexation." However, London's refusal to introduce the resolution united many Zionists against him. The Jewish community was further fragmented in opposition to London, with Orthodox Jews advocating his defeat because he

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770-563: The new organization. He ran for a third time for the 4th Assembly District seat in 1904, this time under the banner of the SPA. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was deeply inspirational to the former citizen of the Tsarist regime, and London threw himself into the task of speaking to mass meetings organized to help raise funds for the relief of Jewish victims of the pogroms which erupted at that same time. London also engaged in fund-raising on behalf of

805-476: The other; as un-American and pro-German on the one hand and as an American nationalist and abettor of militarism on the other; for subsuming the Socialist program in the interest of the Jews in his district on the one hand and for neglecting the sweeping desire for Jewish nationhood in the interests of socialist internationalism on the other. This proved too much even for the powers of political incumbency to overcome. With

840-573: The people of America to assist us in our struggle. London argued against an injunction issued against the strikers before the New York Supreme Court en route to a victory of the strikers after a labor action lasting the better part of two months. London's place in the cloakmakers' strike made him one of the best-known public faces of the Socialist Party in New York City and over the course of three runs for Congress he gradually constructed

875-529: The procession route in a crowd jammed six people deep. London's body was interred at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Glendale, New York , in the borough of Queens . In spite of his votes against the previous world war, London became the namesake of a World War II Liberty ship , the USS Meyer London , launched in 1943. One of the buildings of Hillman Housing Corporation , a housing cooperative founded by

910-565: The program and was admitted to the bar in New York in 1898, becoming a labor lawyer, taking on cases which fought injunctions or defending the rights of tenants against the transgressions of landlords . London did not handle criminal cases, but rather limited himself to matters of civil law . In the 1890s, London joined the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP), standing as its candidate for New York State Assembly in 1896. He

945-553: Was a former Talmudic scholar who had become politically revolutionary and philosophically agnostic , while his mother had remained a devotee of Judaism . His father had established himself as a grain merchant in Zenkov , a small town located in Poltava province of Ukraine but his financial situation was poor, and in 1888 his father emigrated with Meyer's younger brother to the United States, leaving Meyer behind. Meyer attended Cheder ,

980-584: Was at war, however, London felt obliged to support the nation's efforts in the conflict. He strongly opposed the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 , which made criticism of the president or the war a crime, and in the end cast the only vote in the House against the Sedition Act of 1918. These actions angered his constituency but London said: "I wonder whether I am to be punished for having had

1015-683: Was attracted by Eugene V. Debs and his new Social Democracy of America (SDA) and resigned from the SLP to help establish Local Branch No. 1 of the Social Democracy in New York in 1897. He was a delegate to the June 1898 convention of SDA in Chicago and was one of the political action-oriented minority which bolted the June 1898 convention to establish the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP) following

1050-645: Was based on the 1910 United States census . The Senate maintained a Democratic majority. In the House, the Republicans had actually won a plurality, but as the Progressives and Socialist Representative Meyer London caucused with the Democrats, this gave them the operational majority of the nearly evenly divided chamber, thus giving the Democrats full control of Congress, and along with President Wilson maintaining an overall federal government trifecta . Because of

1085-454: Was his sister. London died on Sunday, June 6, 1926. As he was crossing Second Avenue at 15th Street, he was caught in the middle of heavy automobile traffic passing in both directions. London became confused and when he halted in the middle of the road he was struck by a driver of a car, suffering internal injuries. The driver rushed him to Bellevue Hospital, where London's daughter was an intern. When she saw her father, London's only concern

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1120-432: Was not religious while rich and powerful Jews worked against him because he was a socialist. Uptown Jews like Jacob Schiff , Louis Marshall , Nathan Straus , and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise urged the Jews to redeem themselves by rejecting London. London was thus placed in the uncomfortable position of simultaneously being attacked both as a dangerous radical on the one hand and as a collaborationist traitor to radicalism on

1155-494: Was taken to the Forward building, where it lay in state while 25,000 men, women, and children filed past the casket, paying their respects. A funeral followed on Wednesday, June 10, one of the greatest mass displays of mourning in New York City's history, witnessed by an estimated 500,000 people. The streets were jammed with a procession of 50,000 people, as hundreds of thousands crowded windows and hung from fire escapes or stood along

1190-508: Was that the driver not be punished. "It's not his fault", said London "and he is a poor man." London died at 10 o'clock that night at the age of 54, after physicians had labored for 11 hours to save him. News immediately began to spread about the death of the beloved Congressman and crowds immediately began to gather in front of the hospital, the Londons' home, and the building of The Jewish Daily Forward newspaper. The next day, London's body

1225-587: Was the U.S. federal law that established Grand Canyon National Park as the nation's seventeenth national park. It was signed into law on February 26, 1919, by President Woodrow Wilson . See also [ edit ] List of national parks of the United States National Park Service United States Department of the Interior Notes [ edit ] ^ Anderson, Michael F. (2000). "Becoming

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