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37-430: Gracenote began in 1993 as an open-source project involving a CD player program named xmcd and an associated database named CDDB . xmcd and CDDB were created by Ti Kan and Steve Scherf. Because CDs do not contain any digitally-encoded information about their contents, Kan and Scherf devised a technology that identifies and looks up CDs based on TOC information stored at the beginning of each disc. A TOC, or Table of Contents,

74-517: A 2-second offset from the start of disc data, XX becomes "02". Second, the total CD play duration of 3610 seconds in hexadecimal is 0e1a, so YYYY becomes "0e1a". Finally, there is one track on this CD so ZZ becomes "01". The full disc ID of the example CD is "020e1a01". Any CD which contains one track with a duration of 3610 seconds starting 2 seconds from the beginning of the CD will have this disc ID. To distinguish between different CDs which happen to have

111-520: A CDDB lookup had to display a CDDB logo while performing the lookup. Then, in March 2001, only licensed applications were provided access to the Gracenote database. New licenses for CDDB1 (the original version of CDDB) were no longer available, so programmers using Gracenote services were required to switch to CDDB2 (a new version incompatible with CDDB1). This has been controversial, as the original CDDB database

148-404: A media audience measurement and analytics firm including Gracenote. In October 2022, Nielsen and its subsidiaries (including Gracenote) were purchased by a private equity consortium led by affiliates of Elliott Investment Management and Brookfield Business Partners in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $ 16 billion, including the assumption of debt. Gracenote is known for MusicID,

185-629: A music recognition software which identifies compact discs and delivers artist metadata and cover art to the desktop. The Gracenote database includes music genre and mood information, TV show descriptions, episode information, and channel line-ups, movie cast and crew information, and sports statistics and results. Companies including music services, TV providers, consumer electronics manufacturers and automakers use Gracenote data to power their content, universal search, navigation, linking, discovery and personalized recommendations abilities. Gracenote's music recognition technologies compare digital music files to

222-461: A number of other services including online services like Yahoo! Music Jukebox , AOL, AmazonMP3 , Spotify , Winamp , MetroLyrics , Pandora , Google Music ;, home and automotive products such as those from Alpine , Bose , or Panasonic ; mobile music applications from Samsung and others, Sony Mobile Communication (TrackID, Sony Movies/Video & TV SideView App for Xperia Through Gracenote Video Explore and Sony Music Walkman App for Xperia), and

259-669: A submission about the Compact Disc release of Swans ' My Father Will Guide Me Up a Rope to the Sky . On December 23, 2013, Sony announced it would sell Gracenote to Tribune Media for $ 170 million. The acquisition closed in February 2014: Gracenote was aligned with the Tribune Media Services division which focused on TV and Movie metadata and IDs. On June 12, 2014, Tribune Media Services merged with Gracenote to form one company under

296-469: A supplemental database is needed to supply this information when discs are used with modern media systems. A later development called CD-Text is another solution to the same problem. CDDB was invented by Ti Kan around late 1993 as a local database that was delivered with his popular xmcd music player application. The application's change history first mentions the acronym CDDB in version 1.1 released on February 25, 1994. Users would submit new entries to

333-540: A worldwide database of music information, enabling digital audio devices to identify songs. The company licenses its technologies to developers of consumer electronics devices and online media players, who integrate the technologies into media players, home and car stereos, and digital music devices. It provides software and metadata to businesses which enables their customers to manage and search digital media. Gracenote provides its media management technology and global media database of digital entertainment information to

370-462: Is a list of offsets corresponding to the start of each track on a CD. Its original database was created from and continues to receive voluntary contributions from users. This led to a licensing controversy when Gracenote became commercialized. On April 22, 2008, Sony announced that it would acquire Gracenote for $ 260 million. The acquisition was completed on June 2, 2008. On September 9, 2010, Gracenote received its one-billionth piece of data, with

407-424: Is not restricted to, any combination of the following industries (that themselves have a considerable degree of overlap): "Digital entertainment", largely a hard to define marketing term, rests upon entertainment technology and ultimately on the enabling basic technologies computers , Internet / World Wide Web , digital rights management , multimedia and streaming media . Apart from pure entertainment ,

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444-518: Is supported by standardized TMS IDs for TV shows, movies, and celebrities. These IDs enable universal search across linear TV, OTT and VOD libraries and make possible "season pass" DVR recordings. Gracenote Sports provides live scores, play-by-play data, historical results and records, schedules, player profiles, and athlete biographies for 4,500 leagues and competitions such as the NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, Premier League, F1, Bundesliga, Tour de France, Wimbledon, and

481-495: The Internet . This is performed by a client which calculates a (nearly) unique disc ID and then queries the database. As a result, the client is able to display the artist name, CD title, track list and some additional information. CDDB is a licensed trademark of Gracenote , Inc. The database is used primarily by media players and CD ripper software. If a CD is not recognized by a media player or CD ripper it can be added to

518-745: The mobile , automobile, portable , home, and PC markets. Several software applications which were capable of playing CDs (e.g. Media Go and iTunes ,) used Gracenote's CDDB technology. Winamp , once a major licensee, no longer has access to Gracenote; the legacy media player program lost access to Gracenote when SHOUTcast and Winamp were sold by AOL in 2014. Redevelopment of Winamp continues by its new owner Radionomy who have said future Winamp versions will have access to an online music database. In 2014 Tribune Media Company bought Gracenote from Sony Corporation of America . In December 2016, Tribune announced that it had reached an agreement to sell Gracenote to Nielsen Holdings for $ 560 million. The purchase

555-557: The ACR technology into the car audio systems for Tesla, BMW, Nissan and several other car makers. In 1998, CDDB was purchased by Escient , a consumer electronics manufacturer, and operated as a business unit within the American company. CDDB was then spun out of Escient and in July 2000 was renamed Gracenote. The CDDB database license was later changed to include new terms. For instance, any programs using

592-444: The CD, mod 255. The next four digits (YYYY) represent the total time of the CD in seconds from the start of the first track to the end of the last track. The last two digits (ZZ) represent the number of tracks on the CD. For example, suppose a CD contains a single track of duration 3610 seconds. First the XX checksum is calculated by summing the track starting times mod 255. Since CDs have

629-450: The CDDB to major players like Microsoft , which wanted a CD-recognition service but would not deal directly with CDDB Inc. In 2000, CDDB Inc. was renamed Gracenote . A 1999 announcement had asserted that access to the CDDB service would "remain 100% free to software developers and consumers". Gracenote nonetheless switched to a proprietary license, prompting criticism that this was exploiting

666-612: The Gracenote name. On July 9, 2014, Tribune Media Company purchased What's-ON, a provider of TV data and advanced search offerings covering India and the Middle East for $ 27 million. On September 3, 2014, Gracenote acquired Baseline , a Los Angeles–based provider of film and TV data and information. Baseline had previously been owned by the NY Times from 2006–2011 after which it was sold back to its original owners. This $ 50 million purchase deepened Gracenote's existing video datasets and added

703-690: The Olympics. Gracenote's Podium product tracks all Olympic competition results and rankings at elite and junior levels as well as historical Olympic data going back to the very first modern games in 1896. In September 2015, the company announced DVR Extend which enables TV providers to dynamically adjust DVR settings to ensure live sports game recordings do not get cut off in the event they go past scheduled broadcast times. iTunes , Media Go , Sonicstage , Groove Music and Windows Media Player all use or have used Gracenote's CD track identification services. In addition, Gracenote provides or provided its products to

740-634: The Studio System database, a subscription-based resource for the Hollywood content creation and distribution communities, to its line-up of offerings. On October 2, 2014, Gracenote purchased Australia-based TV and movie data company HWW for $ 19 million US to expand its Asia Pacific presence and international offerings. On May 28, 2015, Gracenote acquired Amsterdam-based Infostrada Sports and Halifax-based SportsDirect, providers of music, video and sports data. On December 20, 2016, Tribune Media announced that it

777-696: The car's audio system to identify music playing from various sources including AM/FM and satellite radio, CDs or streaming services and deliver relevant metadata and cover art. In December 2015, Gracenote launched its first audio technology, Gracenote Dynamic EQ, designed to help automakers and OEMs automatically tune connected car audio systems to the optimal equalizer settings for individual songs based on genre, mood and release date. Gracenote's video platform called On Entertainment consists of TV listings and schedules for approximately 85 countries and 35 languages as well as TV and Movie data and related-imagery information for six million TV shows and movies. On Entertainment

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814-433: The composer, for instance " Vivaldi : The Four Seasons , Op. 8/1, 'Spring' — 1. Allegro". The artist field would contain all information about the ensemble, conductor and perhaps soloist , for instance " Joseph Silverstein , Seiji Ozawa , Boston Symphony Orchestra ". In 2007, about 10,000 classical CDs had been converted to this new convention. Digital entertainment Digital entertainment Industry includes, but

851-414: The database if the user fills in the names and artists etc. in a media player such as iTunes or MusicMatch Jukebox . The need for CDDB is a direct consequence of the original design of the CD, which was conceived as an evolution of the gramophone record , and did not consider the audio tracks as data files to be identified and indexed. The audio CD format does not include the disc name or track names, so

888-530: The database via e-mail to Kan. The database quickly became unwieldy and Kan enlisted the help of Steve Scherf to create a network accessible version of the database operating as CDDB Inc. in 1995. Graham Toal supplied hosting for the CDDB server and created a banner advertising revenue model to pay for the hosting. The original software behind CDDB was released under the GNU General Public License , and many people submitted CD information thinking

925-752: The first legal lyrics offering in the U.S. that was sold to LyricFind in 2013. Gracenote's current Music offerings fall into three major categories: Music Recognition, Music Data, and Music Discovery. Its music recognition product called MusicID was originally developed as a CD track-identification system. Gracenote also operates a digital file identification service that uses audio fingerprinting technology to identify digital music files such as MP3s and deliver track-level metadata, album art, and links to complementary content and services. Its music data offering provides information describing Genre, Mood, Era, Origin and Tempo for tens of millions of songs. Gracenote Auto puts Automatic Content Recognition (ACR) technology into

962-418: The order of tracks has been changed, or compilations of tracks from different CDs. CDDB also cannot distinguish between different CDs that have the same number of tracks and the same track lengths. CDDB1 identifies CDs with a 32-bit number, usually displayed as a hexadecimal number containing 8 digits: XXYYYYZZ. The first two digits (labeled XX) represent a checksum based on the starting times of each track on

999-526: The same disc ID, the CDDB1 database is organized into multiple categories. If there is a conflict with different CD releases possessing the same CDDB1 ID, they can be placed in a different category (such as classical, rock, blues, folk or misc). Sample code for calculating CDDB1 disc IDs in various programming languages is available on the web, such as in Java . At its origin, CDDB was oriented towards pop/rock music with

1036-575: The service would also remain free. The project was eventually incorporated as CDDB LLC in 1998 and was soon sold by Kan, Scherf, and Toal to a high tech consumer electronics manufacturer called Escient . In a 2006 interview in Wired , Scherf stated that Escient was the only company that would guarantee the continued development of the service by its founders, as well as protect the operation in an atmosphere where numerous companies were bidding—and in one case, attempting extortion—to acquire and immediately sell

1073-477: The term rests upon the observation that already in 2011 in the UK, for example, "nearly half of people’s waking hours are spent using media content and communications services " (" screen time "). Digital entertainment is inextricably connected with digital marketing . People who follow influencers on social media for entertainment will receive a fair share of advertising at the same time. Digital merchandise

1110-485: The typical artist/album/song structure. Their database often lacks adequate information on classical music CDs, mostly due to its structure, which originally lacked a standard way of storing composers' names. In 2007, Gracenote announced an enhanced format, the Classical Music Initiative (CMI), which places all the additional information in the three-field structure. A classical track title would now contain

1147-415: The whole CD or to submit track names for a newly identified CD. This information is often provided by end users . In iTunes , which uses Gracenote, users name the CD tracks and then use the "Submit Track Names" option under the "Advanced" heading in the toolbar to submit track information. Since identification of CDs is based on the length and order of the tracks, CDDB cannot identify playlists in which

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1184-487: The work of unpaid contributors and motivating the launch of Freedb in 2001, based on the last freely licensed version of CDDB. In March 2001, Gracenote banned all unlicensed applications (such as Freedb) from accessing their database. New licenses for CDDB1 (the original version of CDDB) were no longer available, since Gracenote wanted to force programmers to switch to CDDB2, a new version incompatible with CDDB1. Freedb quickly became more popular than Gracenote, but by 2006

1221-468: Was completed on February 1, 2017. With the acquisition by Tribune Media in 2014 and subsequent acquisitions of What's-ON, HWW, Baseline, SportsDirect, and Infostrada Sports, Gracenote has expanded its core data product beyond music into video and sports. Gracenote's early product line-up consisted of MusicID, Mobile MusicID, Music Enrichment, Discover, Playlist, Playlist Plus, Media VOCS, Classical Music Initiative, and Link. In April 2007, Gracenote launched

1258-526: Was created out of anonymous contributions, initially via the open source xmcd CD player program. Many listing contributors believed that the database was open-source as well because, in 1997, cddb.com's download and support pages had said it was released under the GPL. CDDB claims that the license grant was an error. CDDB CDDB , short for Compact Disc Database , is a database for software applications to look up audio CD ( compact disc ) information over

1295-534: Was described as "stagnant", which Scherf (by then chief architect at Gracenote) took as evidence that "the focus and dedication required for CDDB to grow could not [have been] found in a community effort". In June 2008, Sony Corporation of America completed acquisition (full ownership) of Gracenote, per the news note on the Gracenote website. Then in 2014 Tribune Media Services (TMS) acquired Gracenote from Sony, only to resell it to Nielsen in December 2016. CDDB

1332-483: Was designed around the task of identifying entire CDs, not merely single tracks. The identification process involves creating a "discid", a sort of " fingerprint " of a CD created by performing calculations on the track duration information stored in the table-of-contents of the CD (see the following section for an example calculation). This discid is used with the Internet database, typically either to download track names for

1369-508: Was selling Gracenote to Nielsen Holdings for $ 540 million in cash. The deal officially closed on February 1, 2017. In September 2017, Gracenote partnered with Connekt and Ensequence to deliver real-time offers on smart TVs. On November 7, 2019, Nielsen announced that it was splitting into two separate publicly traded companies. Gracenote fell under the company's Global Media business. After divestiture of NielsenIQ (the former ACNielsen consumer research business) in 2021, Nielsen became solely

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