Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster -based parliamentary system . This article uses the term government as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning the administration or the cabinet rather than the state . In some countries, the title of " Official Opposition " is conferred upon the largest political party sitting in opposition in the legislature, with said party's leader being accorded the title " Leader of the Opposition ".
23-717: Opposition (9) Other (5) The Gorkhaland Territorial Administration is a semi-autonomous council for the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal state in India . The GTA was formed in 2012 to replace the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council , which was formed in 1988 and administered the Darjeeling hills for 23 years. GTA presently consists of three hill subdivisions Darjeeling , Kurseong , Mirik , some areas of Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district and
46-410: A memorandum to Minto-Morley Reforms demanding a separate administrative setup. The term Gorkhaland was coined by Subhash Ghisingh , leader of Gorkha National Liberation Front , who led a violent agitation for its formation in the 1980s. This movement culminated with the formation of Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) in 1988. The DGHC did not fulfill its goal of forming a new state, which led to
69-495: A single faction, reduce their parliamentary opposition to tokenism . In some cases, in more authoritarian countries, tame "opposition" parties are created by the governing groups in order to create an impression of democratic debate. Some legislatures offer opposition parties particular powers. In Canada , the United Kingdom , and New Zealand , 20 days each year are set aside as " Opposition Days " or "Supply Days", during which
92-573: The 2019 Darjeeling assembly bye-election, Binoy Tamang stepped down as GTA chairman to contest the assembly bye-election. Anit Thapa was appointed the new GTA chairman. Before the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election , the West Bengal government dissolved the Anit Thapa-led GTA Board of Administrators and handed over the administration of GTA to the GTA principal secretary. After running
115-688: The Akhil Bharatiya Adivasi Vikas Parishad (ABAVP), Dooars Unit signed an 18-point agreement at Mongpoo, after which these organizations jointly proposed a new administrative body called the Gorkhaland and Adivasi Territorial Administration (GATA) in place of the GTA. The ABAVP decided to agree to incorporate 196 mouzas of the Dooars and 199 mouzas of the Terai region into the proposed GATA. The President of India Pratibha Patil gave her assent to
138-584: The GTA Bill of West Bengal on 7 March 2012. The West Bengal government issued a gazette notification for the GTA Act on 14 March 2012, signalling preparations for elections for the GTA. In a meeting held on 24 March 2012 between GJM leaders and the West Bengal government, it was decided that the election to the GTA would be held in the end of June or in July 2012. The Justice Sen Committee would be requested to submit its report on
161-516: The GTA Sabha took oath on 12 July 2022 in Darjeeling in a function that was attended by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee . On 14 July 2022, West Bengal Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar administered the oath of office to Anit Thapa as the Chief Executive of GTA. The five members of the GTA Sabha nominated by the West Bengal government took oath on 25 August 2022. Two Hamro Party councillors of
184-506: The GTA elections. Both CPI(M) and Trinamool Congress fielded candidates in the election. The GNLF decided to boycott the elections and its chairman filed a case in the Kolkata High Court challenging the GTA. The CPI(M) withdrew the nominations of all its 13 candidates from the GTA elections, alleging threats and intimidation by the GJM and the GJM received 28 seats of the GTA uncontested. In
207-472: The GTA joined Bharatiya Gorkha Prajatantrik Morcha on 5 November 2022. Binoy Tamang, who had won the GTA election on a TMC ticket but had left that party afterwards, joined Congress on 26 November 2023. He was expelled from Congress on 23 April 2024. Parliamentary opposition In first-past-the-post assemblies, where the tendency to gravitate into two major parties or party groupings operates strongly, government and opposition roles can go to
230-614: The GTA polls, which it had earlier threatened to boycott over the Justice Sen-headed committee recommendations on territorial inclusion of the Dooars and Terai that it had rejected. After a period of silence, the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha announced the names of its GTA election nominees. Parties that formed the Gorkhaland Task Force ( CPRM , ABGL , GNLF(C) , Gorkhaland Rajya Nirman Morcha and others) decided not contest
253-431: The GTA with government-appointed administrators for 5 years (2017–2022), the West Bengal government announced that the election for the second GTA Sabha would be held on 26 June 2022. A total of 277 candidates, including 45 from Hamro Party , 36 from Bharatiya Gorkha Prajatantrik Morcha , 12 from CPIM , 10 from Trinamool Congress , 5 from Congress and 169 independents , contested the GTA election. All elected members of
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#1732844649594276-436: The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha had demanded 398 mouzas from the Dooars and Terai regions. The West Bengal government announced that it would set up a three-member "Fact Verification Committee" to go into the recommendations of Justice Sen Committee after the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha rejected its report. The Calcutta High Court admitted on 19 June 2012 the case moved by Gorkha National Liberation Front leader Subhash Ghisingh challenging
299-409: The downfall of Subhash Ghisingh and the rise of another party Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) headed by Bimal Gurung in 2007, which launched a second agitation for a Gorkhaland state. After three years of agitation for a state of Gorkhaland led by GJM, the GJM reached an agreement with the state government to form a semi-autonomous body to administer the Darjeeling hills. A bill for the creation of GTA
322-491: The elections of the remaining 17 seats of the GTA held on 29 July 2012, GJM candidates won from all the constituencies. Sanchabir Subba, the rebel Gorkha Janmukti Morcha candidate from Gitdabling-Nimbong, narrowly lost to the party's official contestant Kalyan Dewan by 677 votes. The newly elected members of the GTA were sworn in on 4 August 2012 at Darjeeling in the presence of home minister Sushilkumar Shinde and Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee . In 2017, there
345-406: The inclusion of additional areas of Terai and Dooars in the GTA by early June 2012. The WB government released a list of 45 constituencies of the GTA on 26 May 2012 to which elections are to be held in July 2012. The high-powered committee headed by retired judge Shyamal Kumar Sen that was set up by the West Bengal government recommended inclusion of just five mouzas under the proposed GTA although
368-399: The legality of the GTA. Justice Dipankar Dutta told the three signatories to the GTA agreement – the central government, the state government and the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha – to file affidavits stating their stand on Ghisingh's contention. The West Bengal government announced that the election for the GTA would be held on 29 July 2012. The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha announced that it would contest
391-585: The opposition gets to set the agenda. Canada also has a Question Period , during which the opposition (and the Parliament generally) can ask questions of government ministers. Shyamal Kumar Sen Shyamal Kumar Sen (born 25 November 1940 ) is an Indian jurist who served as a chief justice of the Allahabad High Court and also as a Governor of West Bengal . He was appointed governor in May 1999 following
414-417: The presence of Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram , West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee , the then Darjeeling Lok Sabha MP Jaswant Singh and Gorkha Janmukti Morcha leaders. The agreement was signed by West Bengal Home Secretary G.D. Gautama, Union Home Ministry Joint Secretary K.K. Pathak and Gorkha Janmukti Morcha general secretary Roshan Giri. On 29 October 2011, the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha and
437-643: The resignation of A R Kidwai and served from May 1999 to December 1999. After graduating from the Scottish Church College , he studied law at the University of Calcutta . He had worked as a lecturer in the commercial and industrial laws in the City College, Kolkata (under the University of Calcutta ) from 1964 to 1971, as well as in the faculty of law at the University of Calcutta from 1971 to 1985. He
460-431: The two main groupings serially in alternation. The more proportionally representative a system, the greater the likelihood of multiple political parties appearing in the parliamentary debating chamber . Such systems can foster multiple "opposition" parties which may have little in common and minimal desire to form a united bloc opposed to the government of the day. Some well-organised democracies, dominated long-term by
483-633: The whole of Kalimpong district under its authority. Gorkhaland is the name of the proposed state in India that the Nepali -speaking Indian Gorkha ethnic group in the district of Darjeeling and Kalimpong and the Dooars in northern region of West Bengal have expressed a desire to create. A demand for a separate administrative unit in Darjeeling has existed since 1909, when the Hillmen's Association of Darjeeling submitted
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#1732844649594506-508: Was another agitation for Gorkhaland in the Darjeeling hills. The GTA councillors belonging to GJM resigned and burnt copies of the GTA memorandum of agreement and the GTA Act in June 2017, saying that the GTA had failed to fulfill the aspirations of the people. On 20 September 2017, the West Bengal government reconstituted the GTA and appointed rebel GJM leader Binoy Tamang as its chairperson. Before
529-633: Was passed in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly on 2 September 2011. The GTA aimed to have administrative, executive and financial powers but no legislative powers. A 10-member joint verification committee headed by a retired High Court judge examined the demand to bring the Gorkha-inhabited pockets of the Dooars and the Terai under the GTA. The Memorandum of Agreement for GTA was signed on 18 July 2011 at Pintail Village near Siliguri in
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