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32-806: The beginnings of the Good News Bible can be traced to requests made by people in Africa and the Far East for a version of the Bible that was easier to read. In 1961, a home missions board also made a request for the same type of translation. Besides these requests, the GNB was born out of the translation theories of linguist Eugene Nida , the Executive Secretary of the American Bible Society's Translations Department. In

64-583: A linguist with the American Bible Society (ABS). He was quickly promoted to Associate Secretary for Versions, then worked as Executive Secretary for Translations until his retirement. Nida was instrumental in engineering the joint effort between the Vatican and the United Bible Societies (UBS) to produce cross-denominational Bibles in translations across the globe. This work began in 1968 and

96-511: A Lutheran pastor. Her father's cousin was the painter, Félix Vallotton . During World War II, she and her sister Gritou worked for the Resistance ; she used her Swiss nationality to help her transport mail. Vallotton also worked in a refugee centre in Toulouse where she painted murals on the walls in attempt to make them more welcoming to families from Poland, Estonia and other Baltic states. While at

128-405: A formal orientation that typifies this type of structural equivalence is called a "gloss translation" in which the translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully as possible the form and content of the original. The principles governing an F-E translation would then be: reproduction of grammatical units; consistency in word usage; and meanings in terms of the source context . D-E on

160-524: A master's degree in New Testament Greek in 1939. In that same year he became interim pastor of Calvary Church of Santa Ana, California following the resignation of its founding pastor. Despite his conservative background, in later years Nida became increasingly ecumenical and New Evangelical in his approach. In 1943, Nida received his doctorate in linguistics from the University of Michigan . He

192-504: A referential level—assessing culture-specific items, idiom and figurative language to achieve an understanding of the source text and embark upon creating a translation which not only transfers what words mean in a given context, but also recreates the impact of the original text within the limits of the translator's own language system (linked to this topic: George Steiner , the Hermeneutic Motion, pragmatics, field, tenor, mode and

224-460: A translation to the receptor language and culture as a whole; and the translation must be in accordance with the context of the message which involves the stylistic selection and arrangement of message constituents. Nida and Lawrence Venuti have proven that translation studies is a much more complex discipline than may first appear, with the translator having to look beyond the text itself to deconstruct on an intra-textual level and decode on

256-428: A translator must find the "closest natural equivalent." Here he distinguishes between two approaches to the translation task and types of translation: Formal Equivalence (F-E) and Dynamic Equivalence (D-E). F-E focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. Such translations then would be concerned with such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept. Such

288-466: Is sometimes sacrificed for clarity. This choice can be seen in the example quotation of John 3:16, which is rendered, "For God loved the world so much that ...", which is more conversational than the familiar "For God so loved the world". The phrase contains a figurative, if not literal, translation: the Greek word for "so" in that passage is οὕτως, which likely means "in such a way" as well as "so much". Because

320-664: The Good News Bible . According to Harpercollins , Vallotton is the bestselling artist of all time, thanks to worldwide sales of the Good News Bible in excess of 225 million. Vallotton was born in Lausanne , Switzerland, the daughter of Swiss writer, teacher and journalist Benjamin Vallotton who had studied theology in Munich and Paris; her mother had been born in Alsace, the granddaughter of

352-645: The Southern Baptist Convention , and the Presbyterian Church (USA) . Excerpts from the New Testament were used extensively in evangelistic campaigns, such as the Billy Graham crusades and others, from the late 1960s right through to the early 1980s. In 1991, a Gallup poll of British parishioners showed that the GNB was the most popular Bible version in that nation. In 2003, the GNB was used as

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384-540: The dynamic equivalence theory of Bible translation and is considered one of the founders of modern translation studies . Nida was born in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma, on November 11, 1914. He became a Christian at a young age, when he responded to the altar call at his church "to accept Christ as my Saviour." He graduated summa cum laude from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1936. After graduating he attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory

416-438: The locutionary , illocutionary and perlocutionary ). For example, a statement that Jesus "met" someone must be carefully translated into a language which distinguishes between "met for the first time", "met habitually" and "encounter." Published works include the following: Annie Vallotton Anne Marie Vallotton (21 February 1915 – 28 December 2013 ) was a Swiss and French artist best known for her illustrations in

448-556: The 1960s, Nida envisioned a new style of translation called dynamic equivalence . That is, the meaning of the Hebrew and Greek would be expressed in a translation "thought for thought" rather than "word for word". The dynamic theory was inspired by a Spanish translation for Latin American native peoples. The American Bible Society, impressed with Nida's theories, decided to use them. Due to these requests and Nida's theories, Robert Bratcher (who

480-663: The Bible exposition. In the early 1960s, impressed by the illustrations he had seen in Priority , New York publisher Eugene Nida contacted Vallotton about illustrating a children's Bible. After a ten-minute meeting with Nida at Stuttgart Airport, Vallotton agreed to begin work on the Good News For Modern Man Bible. Vallotton created over 500 illustrations and drew some of them up to 90 times to get them right. Vallotton's distinctive style uses simple lines and shading to convey character and emotion: “I wanted to simplify them

512-462: The Bible. Unlike most other translations, some editions of the GNB contain line drawings of biblical events with a snippet of text. The line drawings were done by Annie Vallotton (1915–2013). However, Vallotton is credited with doing the drawings only in certain editions of the GNB—in others, the drawings are simply credited to "a Swiss artist". Since the focus is strongly on ease of understanding, poetry

544-551: The GNB including the Good News Bible iPhone App . The GNB has been a popular translation used across multiple denominations of Christianity. By 1969, Good News for Modern Man had sold 17.5 million copies. By 1971, that number had swelled to 30 million copies. It has been endorsed by Billy Graham and several Christian denominations, including the Catholic Church in the United States (Today's English Version, Second Edition),

576-553: The Good News Bible, her only work had been one called Priority , a collection of 60 illustrations covering the life of Jesus and considered so unmarketable by her agent that he dumped 3,000 copies in the Seine . At Eurofest '75 , the Billy Graham organised conference in Belgium, Vallotton gave an illustrated talk on an overhead projector, fitted with an acetate scroll, each morning before

608-848: The Old Testament began to appear over the course of the 1970s—Job in 1971, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes in 1972, Jonah in 1973, Ruth, Hosea, Amos, and Micah in 1974, and Exodus in 1975. In 1976, the Old Testament was completed and published as the Good News Bible: The Bible in Today's English Version . In 1979, the Deuterocanonical books were added to the Good News Bible and published as Good News Bible: Today's English Version with Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha and also later published as part of subsequent Catholic and Orthodox Editions. In 1992,

640-556: The basis for a film version of the Gospel of John . In 2008, Swedish group Illuminated World paired the text of the GNB with contemporary photography for the English translation of Bible Illuminated: The Book . The GNB is written in a simple, everyday language, with the intention that everyone can appreciate it, and so is often considered particularly suitable for children and for those learning English. There are introductions to each book of

672-634: The best example of the technique, though it is the most well-known. Nida's dynamic-equivalence theory is often held in opposition to the views of philologists who maintain that an understanding of the source text (ST) can be achieved by assessing the inter-animation of words on the page, and that meaning is self-contained within the text (i.e. much more focused on achieving semantic equivalence). This theory, along with other theories of correspondence in translating, are elaborated in his essay Principles of Correspondence , where Nida begins by asserting that given that "no two languages are identical, either in

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704-591: The centre, Vallotton befriended Resistance fighter Berty Albrecht who had been baptized by Vallotton's grandfather. A lifelong Christian, Vallotton set out to simplify the Gospel message with the use of illustration. Aside from the Good News Bible, her works include From the Apple to the Moon , (1970), Who Are You Jesus (1973), The Man who said No: Story of Jonah (1977) and The Mighty One and Sam , (1982). Prior to her success with

736-408: The implication of the phrase "in such a way that he would sacrifice his only son" includes the implication of "so much" and could certainly not include the opposite "loved the world so little," the translators chose the phrase "so much" for its brevity and clarity. Eugene Nida Eugene Albert Nida (November 11, 1914 – August 25, 2011) was an American linguist who developed

768-549: The meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages. Hence, there can be no fully exact translations." While the impact of a translation may be close to the original, there can be no identity in detail. Nida then sets forth three factors that must be taken into account in translating: While reminding that while there are no such things as "identical equivalents" in translating, Nida asserts that

800-557: The most I could. I wanted to get to the truth... the most important thing!” Vallotton continued to illustrate religious books after her success with the Good News Bible. She also designed six stained-glass windows depicting the Creation at the Reformed Church of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in Lorraine , northeastern France where her brother Paul Vallotton was the minister. In later life she had

832-431: The other hand aims at complete "naturalness" of expression. A D-E translation is directed primarily towards equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form. The relationship between the target language receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original (source language) receptors and the message. The principles governing a D-E translation then would be: conformance of

864-600: The translation was revised with inclusive language . The Bible Societies released the Contemporary English Version in 1995, also using jargon-free English. While this translation is sometimes perceived as a replacement for the GNB, it was not intended as such, and both translations continue to be used. While the American Bible Society promotes both translations, the British and Foreign Bible Society and HarperCollins have since 2007 refocused their publishing efforts on

896-745: Was at that time an employee at the American Bible Society) did a sample translation of the Gospel of Mark . This later led to a translation of the full New Testament . The result, titled Good News for Modern Man: The New Testament in Today's English Version , was released in 1966 as a 599-page paperback with a publication date of January 1, 1966. It received a mass marketing effort with copies even being made available through grocery store chains. The New Testament would see second, third, and fourth editions released in 1967, 1971, and 1976, respectively. The Psalms were published in 1970 as The Psalms For Modern Man in Today's English Version . Other portions of

928-476: Was carried on in accordance with Nida's translation principle of Functional Equivalence. Nida received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1974. Nida has been a pioneer in the fields of translation theory and linguistics . His doctoral dissertation, A Synopsis of English Syntax , was the first full-scale analysis of a major language according to the "immediate-constituent" theory. His textbook Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words

960-566: Was one of the major works of American Structuralism . It remained the only thorough introduction to the field for decades and is still valuable for its many examples and exercises. His most notable contribution to translation theory is Dynamic Equivalence, also known as Functional Equivalence. For more information, see " Dynamic and formal equivalence ." Nida also developed the componential analysis technique, which split words into their components to help determine equivalence in translation (e.g. " bachelor " = male + unmarried). This is, perhaps, not

992-653: Was ordained as a Baptist minister. He married Althea Lucille Sprague in 1943 and settled in Greenwich, Connecticut. Althea Sprague died in 1993. In 1997, he married María Elena Fernandez-Miranda, a lawyer and diplomatic attache. Nida retired in the early 1980s, although he continued to give lectures in universities all around the world, and lived in Alpine, Arizona, USA; Madrid, Spain and Brussels , Belgium . He died in Madrid on August 25, 2011, aged 96. In 1943, Nida began his career as

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1024-614: Was taught. He ministered for a short time among the Tarahumara Indians in Chihuahua , Mexico, until health problems due to an inadequate diet and the high altitude forced him to leave. Sometime in this period, Nida became a founding charter member of Wycliffe Bible Translators , a related organization to the Summer Institute of Linguistics . In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the University of Southern California , where he obtained

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