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35-445: The Gobarau minaret (in Hausa, Hasumiyya) is a 50-foot edifice located in the center of the city of Katsina , the capital of Katsina State .The minaret is part of a mosque which was built in the fifteenth century during the reign of Sarkin (King) Katsina, Muhammadu Korau (1445 – 1495 AD) who was the first Muslim ruler of the ancient Kingdom of Katsina . The mosque's origin is attributed to

70-586: A center of Muslim scholarship. Islamization facilitated the expansion of trade and was the basis of an enlarged marketing network. The ' Ulama provided legal support, guarantees, safe conducts, introductions and many other services. By the end of the fifteenth century, Muhammad al-Korau, a cleric, took control of Katsina declaring himself king. 'Ulama were later brought in from North Africa and Egypt to reside in Katsina. An 'Ulama class emerged under royal patronage. The Hausa rulers fasted Ramadan , built mosques, kept up

105-593: A flood, causing two people to be swept away from their homes in the nearby town of Sabon Ungwa. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Katsina has a hot semi-arid climate , abbreviated BSh on climate maps. Katsina State usually record zero average rainfall from November to March; 1, 9 and 41 mm (0.04, 0.35 and 1.61 in) in April, May and June respectively; and 85, 119, 40 and 8 mm (3.35, 4.69, 1.57 and 0.31 in) for

140-537: A largely Muslim population, mainly from the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups. Surrounded by city wall 21 kilometres (13 mi) in length, Katsina is believed to have been founded circa 1100. In pre-Islamic times, Katsina's semi-divine ruler was known as the Sarki , who faced a summary death-sentence if found to be ruling incompetently. From the 17th to the 18th century, Katsina was the commercial heart of Hausaland and became

175-577: A new mosque, which was later demolished by Muhammadu Dikko (1906–1944), who built the famous Masallacin Dutsi (Katsina Grand Central Mosque/Masallacin Juma'a na Kofar Soro), which is still used up to this day. The mosque and its tower were renovated by Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Kabir Usman (1981–2008). A popular myth about the origin of Gobarau states that when Muhammadu Korau slew Jibda-Yaki Sanau,

210-485: A result of the westward expansion of Hausa peoples. They arrived in Hausaland when the terrain was converting from woodlands to savannah . They started cultivating grains, which led to a denser peasant population. They had a common language, laws and customs. The Hausa were known for fishing, hunting, agriculture, salt-mining, and blacksmithing. By the 14th century, Katsina had become the most powerful city-state. Katsina

245-472: A stranger who wanted to bring instability. Incensed, Mallam Jodoma pointed his staff at another direction, and there appeared the Ka'abah clearly. The tower was also used for spotting invading armies. Muhammadu Korau was amazed, and made Mallam Jodoma his Chief Imam, much to the dismay of the other scholars, who jealously made Muhammadu Korau believe that Jodoma, becoming increasingly famous, wanted his throne. Jodoma

280-401: Is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of 'Katsinawa'. According to historical account, it was built in 1348 CE by Muhammadu Korau, who is believed to have been the first Muslim King of Katsina. This explains why it is traditionally known as 'Gidan Korau' (House of Korau). It is one of the oldest and among the first generation palaces, along with Daura , Kano and Zazzau . The palace

315-415: Is an area of 142 km , with a population of 429,000 as of 2016. The local government are as follows: Source: Katsina culture and history board, office of the surveyor of Katsina State. The postal code of the area is 820. Katsina city is well known for years as a CRADLE OF LEARNING, there have been in existence Islamic Schools and other centres of scholarship as far back 14th century, below are

350-482: Is unknown if he actually visited it; Hausaland seems to have been mostly of a tributary status by Songhai as in his description of Zamfara he comments that "their king was slaughtered by the Askiya and themselves made tributary" and the same is said for the rest of the region. Despite relatively constant growth from the 15th century to the 18th century, the states were vulnerable to constant war internally and externally. By

385-460: The Mali Empire . The primary exports were slaves , leather , gold , cloth , salt , kola nuts , animal hides, and henna . At various moments in their history, the Hausa managed to establish central control over their states, but such unity has always proven short. In the 11th century the conquests initiated by Gijimasu of Kano culminated in the birth of the first united Hausa Nation, although it

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420-515: The 18th century, they were economically and politically exhausted. Famines became very common during this period and the Sultans engaged in heavy taxation to fund their wars. Though the vast majority of its inhabitants were Muslim , by the 19th century, they were conquered by a mix of Fulani warriors and Hausa peasantry, citing syncretism and social injustices. By 1808 the Hausa states were finally conquered by Usuman dan Fodio and incorporated into

455-544: The Bayajidda legend, the Banza Bakwai states were founded by the seven sons of Karbagari ("Town-seizer"), the son of Bayajidda and the slave-maid, Bagwariya. They are called the Banza Bakwai, meaning "bastard/bogus seven", on account of their ancestress' slave status. They are: The Hausa Kingdoms were first mentioned by Ya'qubi in the 9th century and they were by the 15th century trading centers competing with Kanem-Bornu and

490-449: The beginning of Hausa history, the seven states of Hausaland divided up production and labor activities in accordance with their location and natural resources. Kano and Rano were known as the "Chiefs of Indigo." Cotton grew readily in the great plains of these states, and they became the primary producers of cloth, weaving and dying it before sending it off in caravans to the other states within Hausaland and to extensive regions beyond. Biram

525-464: The city of Sokoto and 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Kano , close to the border with Niger Republic, in 2016, Katsina's estimated population was estimated at 429,000. The city is the centre of an agricultural region production of groundnuts , cotton , hides, millet and guinea corn and also has mills for producing peanut oil and steel, it was also a center for large scale poultry farming of cows, goats, sheep and chickens. The city has

560-473: The efforts of the influential Islamic scholar Sheikh Muhammad Abdulkarim Almaghili . Almaghili, who was born in Tlemcen in present-day Algeria, taught for a while in Katsina when he visited the town in the late fifteenth century during the reign of Muhammadu Korau. The Gobarau mosque was built to serve as a center for spiritual and intellectual activities. It was inspired by mosques found in the city of Timbuktu at

595-522: The five obligatory prayers, and gave alms ( zakat ) to the poor. Ibrahim Maje (1549–66) was an Islamic reformer and instituted Islamic marriage law in Katsina.Generally Hausaland remained divided between the Muslim cosmopolitan urban elite and the local animistic rural communities. During this time period, Leo Africanus briefly mentions in his book Descrittione dell’Africa descriptions of the political and economic state of Hausaland during that time although it

630-451: The house of an old woman and asked her to give him water but she told him the predicament of the land, how the only well in Daura, called Kusugu , was inhabited by a snake called Sarki, who allowed citizens of Daura to fetch water only on Fridays. Since "sarki" is the Hausa word for "King", this may have been a metaphor for a powerful figure. Bayajidda killed Sarki and because of what he had done

665-688: The largest of the seven Hausa city-states. Katsina was conquered by the Fulani during the Fulani War in 1807. In 1903, the Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, accepted British rule, which continued until Nigerian independence from Britain in 1960. The city's history of western-style education dates back to the early 1950s, when the first middle school in northern Nigeria was established ( Katsina Teachers College ). There are now several institutions of higher learning, including two universities: Umaru Musa Yar'adua University and

700-448: The last pagan king of Katsina, he desired to construct a mosque. After the site was selected, there arose the problem of the direction of the Qiblah where the mosque must face. Muhammadu Korau consulted the Muslim scholars of that time, and they all agreed to a certain direction, except one Mallam Jodoma, who was a stranger. An argument broke out, and the other scholars insulted Jodoma of being

735-539: The manufacturing of steel, textiles, and agricultural products. The city is home to a diversified cultural life as well as intriguing architecture, like as mosques and historic city walls. Desertification, caused by climate change and human activities, poses a significant environmental challenge in Katsina State, affecting socio-economic life and hindering basic human needs. Water went away in Katsina City during

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770-491: The mildest average high temperature of 31.4 °C or 88.5 °F. The table below contains the highest temperature each month from 1985 to 2017. Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina, 2021 January is usually the coldest month of the year in Katsina having the lowest average low temperatures of 14.7 °C or 58.5 °F. Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021 Hausa Kingdoms Hausa Kingdoms , also known as Hausa Kingdom or Hausaland ,

805-424: The months of July, August, September and October. The table below shows record of rainfall from 1990 to 2019 obtained from Nimet Katsina. Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or place. The temperature of Katsina is usually high, with April having the hottest average high temperature of 40.8 °C or 105.4 °F while December having

840-453: The names of high institution found in the city. The state's economy will be developed based on agriculture and solid minerals exploitation to create jobs and wealth through the utilization and mobilization of natural and human resources. The capital of Katsina Emirate, Katsina, is situated 7 miles south of the Niger border in northern Nigeria. With over 500,000 people, Katsina is a major hub for

875-457: The private Alqalam University , a polytechnic Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic and a Federal College of Education, Katsina . The city of Katsina is also home to an 18th-century mosque featuring the Gobarau Minaret , a 15-metre (50 ft) tower made from mud and palm branches. The Katsina Royal Palace, known as Gidan Korau, is a huge complex located in the centre of the ancient city. It

910-478: The queen married him for his bravery. After his marriage to the queen the people started to call him Bayajidda which means "he didn't understand (the language) before ". The Hausa Kingdoms began as seven states founded according to the bayajidda legend by the six sons of Bawo and himself, the son of the hero and Magajiya Daurama, in addition to the hero's son, Biram or Ibrahim, of an earlier marriage. The states included only kingdoms inhabited by Hausa speakers: Since

945-450: The queen's maid-servant, Karbagari. Though the 7 Hausa states shared the same lineage, language and culture, the states were characterized by fierce rivalries with each other with each state seeking supremacy over the others. They constantly waged war on each other and would often work with invaders to the detriment of their sister states, hindering their collective strength. According to the Bayajidda legend, Hausa states were founded by

980-437: The sons and grandsons of Bayajidda, a prince whose origin differs by tradition, but official canon records him as the person who married Daurama , the last Kabara of Daura, and heralded the end of the matriarchal monarchs that had erstwhile ruled the Hausa people. According to the most famous version of the story, the story of the Hausa states started with a prince from Baghdad called "Abu Yazid". When he got to Daura, he went to

1015-471: The time. The mosque was later used also as a school. By the beginning of the 16th century, Katsina had become a very important commercial and academic center in Hausaland, and Gobarau mosque had grown into a famed institution of higher Islamic education. Gobarau continued to be Katsina's Central mosque until the beginning of the 19th century AD when Sarkin Katsina Ummarun Dallaje (1805-1835) built

1050-623: Was a collection of states ruled by the Hausa people , before the Fulani jihad. It was situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria ). Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic kingdoms of Ancient Ghana , Mali and Songhai and the Eastern Sudanic kingdoms of Kanem-Bornu . Hausaland took shape as a political and cultural region during the first millennium CE as

1085-601: Was banished from Katsina, and he settled at Guga, a village in present-day Bakori Local government in Katsina state, where he died. Today Gobarau is a tourist attraction site, along with the Kusugu well in Daura . 12°59′53″N 7°35′44″E  /  12.9980°N 7.5955°E  / 12.9980; 7.5955 Katsina Katsina is a Local Government Area and the capital city of Katsina State , in northern Nigeria . Located some 260 kilometres (160 mi) east of

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1120-537: Was encircled with a rampart, 'Ganuwar Gidan Sarki' (which is now gone). The main gate which leads to the palace is known as 'Kofar Soro', while the gate at the backyard is called 'Kofar Bai' (now gone). The Emir's residential quarters at the epicenter of the Palace is a large compound built in the typical traditional architectural style. There are mainly two Religions existing in katsina, which are; Katsina State has 34 local governments. The local governments area of Katsina

1155-564: Was short-lived. During the reign of King Yaji I (1349–85) Islam was first introduced to Kano . Many Muslim traders and clerics used to come from Mali, from the Volta region, and later from Songhay . King Yaji appointed a Qadi and Imam as part of the state administration. Muhammad Rumfa (1463–99) built mosques and madrassahs. He also commissioned Muhammad al-Maghili to write a treatise on Muslim governance. Many other scholars were brought in from Egypt , Tunis , and Morocco . This turned Kano into

1190-515: Was the base for the trans-Saharan trade in salt, cloth, leather, and grain. The Hausa oral history is reflected in the Bayajidda legend, which describes the adventures of the Baghdadi hero, Bayajidda, culminating in the killing of the snake in a well at Daura and the marriage with the local queen Magajiya Daurama . According to the legend, the hero had a child with the queen, Bawo, and another child with

1225-489: Was the original seat of government, while Zaria supplied labor and was known as the "Chief of Slaves." Katsina and Daura were the "Chiefs of the Market," as their geographical location accorded them direct access to the caravans coming across the desert from the north. Gobir , located in the west, was the "Chief of War" and was mainly responsible for protecting the empire from the invasive Kingdoms of Ghana and Songhai. According to

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