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96-412: The project is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center , and consists of a GPM Core Observatory satellite assisted by a constellation of spacecraft from other agencies and missions. The Core Observatory satellite measures the two and three dimensional structure of Earth's precipitation patterns and provides a new calibration standard for the rest of the satellite constellation. The GPM Core Observatory

192-884: A Bowie postal address; and District 6 Station in Beltsville CDP serve the community. The federally planned and constructed inner core of the city was designated as the Greenbelt Historic District by the Maryland Historical Trust , and subsequently placed on the National Park Service 's maintained National Register of Historic Places on November 25, 1980. The historic district was elevated to National Historic Landmark District status on February 18, 1997. The district contains Roosevelt Center (originally named simply The Center , and later renamed in honor of President Roosevelt) and many buildings in

288-582: A broad range of scientific questions generally classified around four key areas: Earth sciences, astrophysics, heliophysics, and the Solar System. To simplify, Goddard studies Earth and Space. Within the Earth sciences area, Goddard plays a major role in research to advance our understanding of the Earth as an environmental system, looking at questions related to how the components of that environmental system have developed, how they interact and how they evolve. This

384-463: A citizen." In 2009, the city implemented several election reforms with the goal of increasing diversity: increasing the city council from five to seven members, adding another precinct in Greenbelt East to shorten voter lines, and amending the city charter to allow early voting. In the election held November 3, 2009, Emmett Jordan, an African American, was chosen by 75% of voters, electing him to

480-519: A console based workspace for various network elements to collaborate and provide the highest possible level of service to NASA and its customers. Some of the network elements included in the NSOCC support structure are Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF), Human Space Flight (HSF), Launch Vehicles (LV), and Robotics mission support leadership, Search and Rescue (SAR), and “Data Acquisition Processing and Handling Network Environment (DAPHNE+). The Goddard Visitor Center

576-623: A lead role for the project in its early days and managed the first 250 employees involved in the effort, who were stationed at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia . However, the size and scope of Project Mercury soon prompted NASA to build a new Manned Spacecraft Center, now the Johnson Space Center , in Houston , Texas. Project Mercury's personnel and activities were transferred there in 1961. Goddard Space Flight Center remained involved in

672-610: A mission, and Goddard engineers and technicians can design and build the spacecraft for that mission. Goddard scientist John C. Mather shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on COBE . GSFC also operates two spaceflight tracking and data acquisition networks (the Space Network and the Near Earth Network ), develops and maintains advanced space and Earth science data information systems, and develops satellite systems for

768-778: A north–south direction, running parallel to the B–W Parkway, providing an alternate travel route into Washington, D.C., from Greenbelt. The southernmost Maryland portion of Kenilworth Avenue forms a major interchange with both the B–W Parkway and US 50 near the Maryland–D.C. line, and continues into Washington, as the Kenilworth Avenue Freeway (DC 295) . Washington Metro 's rapid transit rail system serves Washington, D.C. , and neighboring communities in Maryland and Northern Virginia , by operating 98 Metro stations , which includes

864-787: A range of partners. One of the instruments, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), was developed by Goddard. LOLA measures landing site slopes and lunar surface roughness in order to generate a 3-D map of the Moon. Another mission to be managed by Goddard is MAVEN . MAVEN is the second mission within the Mars Scout Program that is exploring the atmosphere of Mars in support of NASA's broader efforts to go to Mars. MAVEN carries eight instruments to measure characteristics of Mars' atmospheric gases, upper atmosphere, solar wind , and ionosphere . Instrument development partners include

960-532: A set of scientific questions to be answered, and a set of scientific requirements for the mission, which build on what has already been discovered by prior missions. Scientific requirements spell out the types data that will need to be collected. These scientific requirements are then transformed into mission concepts that start to specify the kind of spacecraft and scientific instruments need to be developed for these scientific questions to be answered. Within Goddard,

1056-508: A site that had formerly consisted largely of tobacco fields. She was also heavily involved in the first cooperative community designed by the federal government in the New Deal Era, Arthurdale, West Virginia , which sought to improve the lives of impoverished laborers by enabling them to create a self-sufficient, and relatively prosperous, cooperative community. Cooperatives in Greenbelt include

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1152-505: A tetrahedral formation. Each of the four spacecraft carries identical instrument suites. MMS is part of a larger program (Solar Terrestrial Probes) that studies the impact of the Sun on the Solar System. In many cases, Goddard works with partners (US Government agencies, aerospace industry, university-based research centers, other countries) that are responsible for developing the scientific instruments. In other cases, Goddard develops one or more of

1248-596: A train station with access to the Washington Metro system and the MARC commuter train's Camden line. The High Bay Cleanroom located in building 29 is the world's largest ISO 7 cleanroom with 1.3 million cubic feet (37,000 m ) of space. Vacuum chambers in adjacent buildings 10 and 7 can be chilled or heated to ±200 °C (392 °F). Adjacent building 15 houses the High Capacity Centrifuge which

1344-603: A variety of space science disciplines. Goddard's most famous project is the Hubble Space Telescope , a unique science platform that has been breaking new ground in astronomy for nearly 20 years. Other missions such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) study the structure and evolution of the universe. Other missions such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) are currently studying

1440-433: Is a NASA department founded in 1992 as part of their Systems Reliability and Safety Office at Goddard Space Flight Center. Its purpose was "to become a center of excellence in software assurance, dedicated to making measurable improvement in both the quality and reliability of software developed for NASA at GSFC". The center has been the source of research papers on software metrics, assurance, and risk management. While NASA

1536-455: Is a spaceborne radar, providing three-dimensional maps of storm structure across its swath, including the intensity of rainfall and snowfall at the surface. The DPR has two frequencies, allowing researchers to estimate the sizes of precipitation particles and detect a wider range of precipitation rates. The Ku-band radar, similar to the PR on TRMM, covers a 245 km (152 mile) swath. Nested inside that,

1632-643: Is all important to enable scientists to understand the practical impacts of natural and human activities during the coming decades and centuries. Within Space Sciences, Goddard has distinguished itself with the 2006 Nobel Physics Prize given to John Mather and the COBE mission. Beyond the COBE mission, Goddard studies how the universe formed, what it is made of, how its components interact, and how it evolves. The center also contributes to research seeking to understand how stars and planetary systems form and evolve and studies

1728-661: Is capable of generating 30   G on up to a 2.3-tonne (2.5-short-ton) load. Parsons Corporation assisted in the construction of the Class 10,000 cleanroom to support Hubble Space Telescope as well as other Goddard missions. The High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) is NASA 's designated center for the archiving and dissemination of high energy astronomy data and information. Information on X-ray and gamma ray astronomy and related NASA mission archives are maintained for public information and science access. The Software Assurance Technology Center (SATC)

1824-675: Is contiguous with a portion of Greenbelt's eastern border. NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center , located directly adjacent to Greenbelt's eastern boundary, utilizes a Greenbelt postal address (Greenbelt, MD 20768), as well. It is partially within the former Goddard census-designated place . Greenbelt Park , a unit of the National Park System , is located within the City of Greenbelt's boundaries, at its southernmost portion. Two major highways pass through and have interchanges in Greenbelt:

1920-496: Is land and 0.06 square miles (142,846 square meters) is water. Greenbelt's ZIP Codes are 20770, 20771, and 20768. The ZIP Code 20770 contains all residential and business addresses that correspond to actual physical locations inside the geographic boundaries of the City of Greenbelt. The 20768 ZIP Code is assigned exclusively to post-office box (P.O. Box) addresses, while 20771 is the designated ZIP Code for Goddard Space Flight Center , situated on federal government owned land that

2016-844: Is one of ten major NASA field centers. GSFC is partially within the former Goddard census-designated place ; it has a Greenbelt mailing address. GSFC is the largest combined organization of scientists and engineers in the United States dedicated to increasing knowledge of the Earth , the Solar System , and the Universe via observations from space. GSFC is a major US laboratory for developing and operating uncrewed scientific spacecraft. GSFC conducts scientific investigation, development, manufacturing and operation of space systems, and development of related technologies. Goddard scientists can develop and support

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2112-489: Is one of the largest concentrations of the world's premier space scientists and engineers. The center is organized into 8 directorates, which includes Applied Engineering and Technology, Flight Projects, Science and Exploration, and Safety & Mission Assurance. Co-op students from universities in all 50 States can be found around the campus every season through the Cooperative Education Program. During

2208-479: Is open to the public Tuesdays through Sundays, free of charge, and features displays of spacecraft and technologies developed there. The Hubble Space Telescope is represented by models and deep space imagery from recent missions. The center also features a Science On a Sphere projection system. The center also features an Educator's Resource Center available for use by teachers and education volunteers such as Boy and Girl Scout leaders, and hosts special events during

2304-796: Is organized into several directorates , each charged with one of these key functions. On May 1, 1959, the center was renamed the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for Robert H. Goddard . Its first 157 employees transferred from the United States Navy 's Project Vanguard missile program, and continued their work at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., while the center was under construction. Goddard Space Flight Center contributed to Project Mercury , America's first human spaceflight program. The Center assumed

2400-727: Is served by Eleanor Roosevelt High School (Greenbelt), a school which includes a Science and Technology magnet program and an AP Capstone program. There is a public magnet school within the City: There are no private schools within the City of Greenbelt. There is a Catholic school in nearby Lanham CDP , Academy of Saint Matthias the Apostle. The Lanham Act was used to build North End Elementary School. The original Greenbelt High School building (later used for Greenbelt Junior High, Greenbelt Middle, and currently Dora Kennedy French Immersion School) opened in c.  1937 . Originally,

2496-672: The Greenbelt News Review , Greenbelt Consumers Coop grocery store, the New Deal Cafe , and the cooperative forming the downtown core of original housing, Greenbelt Homes Incorporated (GHI). The architectural planning of Greenbelt was innovative, as was the social engineering involved in this federal government project. Applicants for residency were interviewed and screened based on income and occupation, and willingness to become involved in community activities. African-Americans were initially excluded, but were later included by

2592-406: The 2010 U.S. Census and 24,921 at the 2020 census . Greenbelt is located at 38°59′41″N 76°53′07″W  /  38.99467°N 76.885399°W  / 38.99467; -76.885399 . According to United States Census Bureau data, as of January 1, 2018, the city has a total area of 6.23 square miles (16,146,235 square meters ), of which 6.18 square miles (16,003,389 square meters)

2688-480: The 2020 census , the population was 24,921. Greenbelt is the first and the largest of the three experimental and controversial New Deal Greenbelt Towns, the others being Greenhills, Ohio , and Greendale, Wisconsin . Greenbelt was planned and built by the federal government as an all-white town. The cooperative community was conceived in 1935 by Undersecretary of Agriculture Rexford Guy Tugwell , whose perceived collectivist ideology attracted opposition to

2784-709: The Art Deco style. Roosevelt Center contains the Greenbelt Co-op Supermarket and Pharmacy (the Co-op), which opened in 1984, and the original, historic Old Greenbelt Theatre , while also adding the Greenbelt Arts Center (located underneath the Co-op, in what was previously the city's bowling alley ), and additional new businesses such as the New Deal Cafe , with its name honoring the origins of its location. Both

2880-782: The CSX System . Also available at Greenbelt station was a weekday express Metrobus service, the Greenbelt–BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport Express Line (commonly shortened to the Greenbelt–BWI Airport Line), designated route B30, to Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI), a mode of transportation to and from the airport for airline passengers, in addition to allowing for connections to Baltimore's regional transit services. This service ended in 2020. Metrobus , Prince George's County's THE BUS (routes 11 and 15X), and

2976-817: The Capital Beltway (I-95/I-495) and the National Park Service 's owned and maintained portion of the Baltimore–Washington Parkway ( unsigned MD 295). The Greenbelt portion of the Baltimore–Washington Parkway (B–W Parkway) is part of the parkway's 19-mile section which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. Additionally, Greenbelt Road is part of state highway MD 193 , which connects several suburban communities in both Prince George's and Montgomery counties. Kenilworth Avenue (MD 201) traverses Greenbelt in

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3072-654: The Cosmic Background Explorer , provided unique scientific data about the early universe. Goddard currently supports the operation of dozens of spacecraft collecting scientific data. These missions include Earth science projects like the Earth Observing System (EOS) that includes the Terra , Aqua , and Aura spacecraft flying alongside several projects from other Centers or other countries. Other major Earth science projects that are currently operating include

3168-704: The Federal Works Agency controlled North End Elementary School, Greenbelt High School, and the Center School. High Point High School , in Beltsville , opened in fall 1954, and began serving students from Greenbelt. The former Greenbelt High School then became Greenbelt Junior High School. The county bought Center School for $ 260,000, after the federal government renovated it in July 1958. The county also bought Greenbelt Junior High and North End Elementary. Roosevelt High

3264-579: The Greenbelt station , the northern terminus of Metro's Green Line . Commuter rail service to the station is provided by MARC Train 's Camden Line , which connects the District of Columbia 's Washington Union Station with Camden Station in Baltimore . The Camden Line provides service by utilizing the original 1835 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) track route between Washington and Baltimore, now part of

3360-573: The James Webb Space Telescope , which was launched in 2022 and enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies. The Goddard community continually works on numerous operations and projects that have launch dates ranging from the upcoming year to a decade down the road. These operations also vary in what scientists hope they will uncover. NASA's missions (and therefore Goddard's missions) address

3456-604: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 calls for "the establishment of long-range studies of the potential benefits to be gained from, the opportunities for, and the problems involved in the utilization of aeronautical and space activities for peaceful and scientific purposes." Because of this mandate, the Technology Utilization Program was established in 1962 which required technologies to be brought down to Earth and commercialized in order to help

3552-793: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). GSFC manages operations for many NASA and international missions including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Explorers Program , the Discovery Program , the Earth Observing System (EOS), INTEGRAL , MAVEN , OSIRIS-REx , the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ), the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ), Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS) , Fermi , and Swift . Past missions managed by GSFC include

3648-482: The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ), Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , SMM , COBE , IUE , and ROSAT . Founded as Beltsville Space Center, Goddard was NASA's first of four space centers . Its original charter was to perform five major functions on behalf of NASA: technology development and fabrication, planning, scientific research , technical operations, and project management. The center

3744-564: The Solar System . The center's contribution to the Earth Science Enterprise includes several spacecraft in the Earth Observing System fleet as well as EOSDIS , a science data collection, processing, and distribution system. For the crewed space flight program, Goddard develops tools for use by astronauts during extra-vehicular activity , and operates the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter , a spacecraft designed to study

3840-644: The Space Shuttle . A short anime film of 6 minutes, Dual frequency Precipitation Radar Special Movie , was produced by JAXA and White Fox in 2013. Goddard Space Flight Center The Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of Washington, D.C., in Greenbelt, Maryland , United States. Established on May 1, 1959, as NASA's first space flight center, GSFC employs about 10,000 civil servants and contractors. Named for American rocket propulsion pioneer Robert H. Goddard , it

3936-783: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM), missions that provide data critical to hurricane predictions. Many Goddard projects support other organizations, such as the US Geological Survey on Landsat-7 and -8, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system that provide weather predictions. Other Goddard missions support

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4032-857: The United States Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 . Then under the authority granted to him from this legislation, President Roosevelt issued an executive order , on May 1, 1935, establishing the United States Resettlement Administration (RA / RRA) . Rexford Tugwell agreed to serve as the Administrator of the Resettlement Administration, in addition to his Undersecretary of Agriculture position, without receiving any additional salary. Working alongside Tugwell

4128-620: The United States Department of Justice opened an investigation into the city's election system. In 2008, the city government hosted three public community meetings regarding election reform, in concert with the ACLU, NAACP, and FairVote . Over 100 residents attended the forums, including one of the unsuccessful African American candidates, Jeanette Gordy, who said, "My concern is that people don't get off their royal behinds. By going to meetings I got what I wanted and found out I had power as

4224-569: The University of Colorado at Boulder , and the University of California, Berkeley . Goddard contributed overall project management as well as two of the instruments, two magnetometers. Once a mission is launched and reaches its destination, its instruments start collecting data. The data is transmitted back to Earth where it needs to be analyzed and stored for future reference. Goddard manages large collections of scientific data resulting from past and ongoing missions. The Earth Science Division hosts

4320-499: The University of Maryland 's Shuttle-UM (route 143; University ID required) each have bus routes which serve the city of Greenbelt. Through a city–university partnership between 2017 and 2019, Greenbelt residents were permitted to unlimited travel on Shuttle UM, with the purchase of a $ 10 annual pass. The City operates limited transportation via the Greenbelt Connection, a 12-passenger wheelchair-accessible van. Greenbelt

4416-553: The water cycle , Earth science, and the GPM mission. The main character Mohan Bharghav ( Shahrukh Khan ) in 2004 Indian film Swades: We, the People is a Project Manager in NASA's GPM project. The movie starts with a press conference pertaining to NASA's GPM, and its upcoming launch. Bharghav discuss the importance of GPM and its positive impact on Earth. In the movie the GPM satellite is launched by

4512-450: The Co-op and the New Deal Cafe carry on a tradition from the city's inception, as they operate as non-profit cooperative membership corporations . Greenbelt is served by Prince George's County Public Schools (PGCPS). There are three public elementary schools serving sections of Greenbelt: All of Greenbelt is served by Greenbelt Middle School (Greenbelt), which includes a Talented and Gifted magnet program. All of Greenbelt

4608-454: The Council as Mayor Pro Tem, the second-highest city official. Voter turnout increased from 1,898 to 2,399 voters (a 26% increase in ballots cast) from 2007 to 2009. In the election held November 5, 2013, Emmett Jordan was chosen by 77% of voters, and receiving highest vote count was then elected Mayor by the council. Prince George's County Police Department District 1 Station in Hyattsville ; District 2 Station in Brock Hall CDP , with

4704-449: The Council selects the Mayor and the Mayor Pro Tem (who assumes the duties of the Mayor when the Mayor is unavailable). The Council has traditionally chosen the member with the highest vote count to be Mayor and the member with the second-highest vote count as Mayor Pro Tem. Elections are held every two years, in odd-numbered years, in part to diminish the influence of political parties. Political party affiliations are not an official part of

4800-462: The Earth's resources since the launch of the first mission in 1972. TIROS-1 launched in 1960 as the first success in a long series of weather satellites . The Spartan platform deployed from the space shuttle, allowing simple, low-cost 2–3 day missions. The second of NASA's Great Observatories , the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , operated for nine years before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere in 2000. Another of Goddard's space science observatories,

4896-424: The Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). It offers Earth science data, information, and services to research scientists, applications scientists, applications users, and students. The NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDCA), created at Goddard in 1966, hosts a permanent archive of space science data, including a large collection of images from space. Section 102(d) of

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4992-407: The Greenbelt Committee for Fair Housing founded in 1963, and came to account for 41% of residents, according to the 2000 census. The same census data also indicates that African-Americans are isolated in certain parts within the town, and the percentage of African-Americans within the historic area is between 0% and 5% on most blocks. Much of the federal government planned and developed portion of

5088-449: The Greenbelt Towns project throughout its short duration. The project came into legal existence on April 8, 1935, when Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 . Under the authority granted to him by this legislation, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order , on May 1, 1935, establishing the United States Resettlement Administration (RA/RRA) . First called Maryland Special Project No. 1 ,

5184-434: The Greenbelt site. These facilities are: GSFC is also responsible for the White Sands Complex , a set of two sites in Las Cruces, NM , but the site is owned by Johnson Space Center as part of the White Sands Test Facility . Goddard Space Flight Center has a workforce of over 3,000 civil servant employees, 60% of whom are engineers and scientists. There are approximately 7,000 supporting contractors on site every day. It

5280-468: The JAXA facility in Japan. Data is provided at multiple "levels" of processing, from raw satellite measurements to best-estimate global precipitation maps using combinations of all the constellation observations and other meteorological data. All data from the mission is made freely available to the public on NASA websites. Precipitation data is made available in a variety of formats, spatial and temporal resolutions, and processing levels which are accessible on

5376-434: The Ka-band radar covers a 120 km (74.5 mile) swath. Data from the DPR is sent to the ground via a single-access link with TDRSS relay satellites. The GMI is a passive sensor that observes the microwave energy emitted by the Earth and atmosphere at 13 different frequency/polarization channels. These data allow quantitative maps of precipitation across a swath that is 885 km (550 miles) wide. This instrument continues

5472-679: The MSFNOCC, the facility was renamed to the Network Control Center (NCC). It remained the NCC until 1997-1999 when the NIC was born. The NIC supported the beginning of the new age of growing space communications which included the International Space Station (ISS). The facility was later renovated from the floor up to become the Near Space Operations Control Center (NSOCC) in 2023. The NSOCC currently provides critical mission support for various launch efforts including SpaceX Crew & Cargo, Science missions such as JWST & PACE, and provides critical data services for Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and European Space Agency (ESA). The NSOCC provides

5568-421: The Maryland American Civil Liberties Union and Prince George's County NAACP sent a letter to the Greenbelt City Council claiming that Greenbelt's at-large system may violate Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . According to the letter, the 2000 Census indicated that African-Americans constituted 38% of Greenbelt's voting-age population, Asians 13%, and Latinos 6%. At the time, however, all members of

5664-453: The Moon in preparation for future crewed exploration . A fact sheet highlighting many of Goddard's previous missions is recorded on a 40th anniversary webpage. Goddard has been involved in designing, building, and operating spacecraft since the days of Explorer 1 , the nation's first artificial satellite. The list of these missions reflects a diverse set of scientific objectives and goals. The Landsat series of spacecraft has been studying

5760-523: The Precipitation Measurement Missions "Data Access" webpage. Several data visualization and analysis tools have been made available to provide easy access for the science and applications communities, which include the in-browser Earth science data analysis tool Giovanni, a web API, and a 3D near-realtime global precipitation viewer. In addition to maintaining social media accounts and the GPM Road to Launch Blog, JAXA and NASA developed several outreach activities specific to this mission prior to launch that

5856-498: The Sciences and Exploration Directorate (SED) leads the center's scientific endeavors, including the development of technology related to scientific pursuits. Some of the most important technological advances developed by Goddard (and NASA in general) come from the need to innovate with new scientific instruments in order to be able to observe or measure phenomena in space that have never been measured or observed before. Instrument names tend to be known by their initials. In some cases,

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5952-480: The Sun and how its behavior affects life on the Earth. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is mapping out the composition and topography of the Moon and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is tracking the Sun's energy and influence on the Earth. The OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission returned a sample from asteroid 101955 Bennu in 2023 and under the name OSIRIS-APEX is headed to asteroid 99942 Apophis in 2029. Particularly noteworthy operations include

6048-639: The US economy and improve the quality of life. Documentation of these technologies that were spun off started in 1976 with "Spinoff 1976". Since then, NASA has produced a yearly publication of these spinoff technologies through the Innovative Partnerships Program Office. Goddard Space Flight Center has made significant contributions to the US economy and quality of life with the technologies it has spun off. Here are some examples: Weather balloon technology has helped firefighters with its short-range radios; aluminized Mylar in satellites has made sports equipment more insulated; laser optics systems have transformed

6144-427: The age of 18 living with them, 30.7% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.9% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in

6240-420: The age of 18 living with them, 33.1% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.0% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under

6336-460: The age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 39.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 46,328, and the median income for a family was $ 55,671. Males had a median income of $ 39,133 versus $ 35,885 for females. The per capita income for

6432-416: The camera industry and life detection missions on other planets help scientists find bacteria in contaminated food. Goddard's partly wooded campus is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of Washington, D.C., in Prince George's County . The center is on Greenbelt Road, which is Maryland Route 193 . Baltimore, Annapolis, and NASA Headquarters in Washington are 30–45 minutes away by highway. Greenbelt also has

6528-423: The city council were white. The letter proposed that the city switch to single-winner district-based voting , cumulative voting , or choice voting , and indicated a lawsuit would follow if no reform were implemented. While the city population is racially diverse, only two African Americans had run for Council in the 30 years preceding the 2009 election, one of whom had withdrawn before the election. In June 2008,

6624-422: The city election process and are seldom part of candidate campaigns. Regular council meetings are held on Mondays, twice per month except during July, August, and December, when meetings are held once per month. The City Council is supported by 14 advisory boards and committees of citizen volunteers. The council appoints a professional city manager responsible for supervising government operations and implementing

6720-421: The city is located within the Greenbelt Historic District. Greenbelt was the subject of the 1939 documentary film The City . In 2021, the city created a reparations task force to study the issue of whether or not to award reparations to African-Americans in Greenbelt. During the census of 2010, there were 23,068 people, 9,747 households, and 5,367 families residing in the city. The population density

6816-421: The city was $ 25,236. About 6.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. The City of Greenbelt operates under a council-manager government as established by the city charter, the first such arrangement in Maryland. The Council consists of seven members elected by plurality-at-large voting . From their members,

6912-403: The city was 33.7 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 34.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64, and 7.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female. For the census of 2000, there were 21,456 people, 9,368 households, and 4,965 families residing in the city. The population density

7008-420: The city, known locally as Old Greenbelt , was recognized as the Greenbelt Historic District by the Maryland Historical Trust , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark District . Greenbelt's population, which includes residents of privately built dwellings dating from after the end of the federal government's ownership of the city, was recorded as 23,068 at

7104-666: The crewed space flight program, providing computer support and radar tracking of flights through a worldwide network of ground stations called the Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STDN). However, the Center focused primarily on designing uncrewed satellites and spacecraft for scientific research missions. Goddard pioneered several fields of spacecraft development, including modular spacecraft design, which reduced costs and made it possible to repair satellites in orbit. Goddard's Solar Max satellite, launched in 1980,

7200-503: The engineers to develop these instruments. Typically, a mission consists of a spacecraft with an instrument suite (multiple instruments) on board. In some cases, the scientific requirements dictate the need for multiple spacecraft. For example, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) studies magnetic reconnection, a 3-D process. In order to capture data about this complex 3-D process, a set of four spacecraft fly in

7296-557: The general public, but attendees must sign up in advance to procure a visitors pass for access to the center's main grounds. Passes can be obtained at the security office main gate on Greenbelt Road. Goddard also hosts several different internship opportunities, including NASA DEVELOP at Goddard Space Flight Center. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited Goddard Space Flight Center on Tuesday, May 8, 2007. The tour of Goddard

7392-470: The instruments. The individual instruments are then integrated into an instrument suite which is then integrated with the spacecraft. In the case of MMS, for example, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) was responsible for developing the scientific instruments and Goddard provides overall project management, mission systems engineering, the spacecraft, and mission operations. On the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), six instruments have been developed by

7488-559: The legacy of TRMM microwave observations, while adding four additional channels, better resolution, and more reliable calibration. Data from the GMI is continuously sent to the ground via a multiple-access link with TDRSS relay satellites. GPM produces and distributes a wide variety of precipitation data products. Processing takes place at the Precipitation Processing System (PPS) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , as well as at

7584-529: The mission's name gives an indication of the type of instrument involved. For example, the James Webb Space Telescope is, as its name indicates, a telescope, but it includes a suite of four distinct scientific instruments: Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI); Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam); Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec); Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS). Scientists at Goddard work closely with

7680-574: The national economic recovery following the Great Depression . Greenbelt, which provided affordable housing for federal government workers, was one of three Greenbelt Towns conceived in 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's Brain Trust member Rexford Tugwell , who was serving as the president's Undersecretary of Agriculture . The project was officially authorized in May 1935. First, on April 8, 1935,

7776-465: The nature of the Sun's interaction with its surroundings. Based on existing knowledge accumulated through previous missions, new science questions are articulated. Missions are developed in the same way an experiment would be developed using the scientific method. In this context, Goddard does not work as an independent entity but rather as one of the 10 NASA centers working together to find answers to these scientific questions. Each mission starts with

7872-533: The policies adopted by the council. The 2021 election selected the current city council: The council selects the City Manager: Of the ten incorporated cities in Prince George's County , Greenbelt is one of three with at-large elections for council and mayor (the others are District Heights and New Carrollton ). The remaining seven use combinations of districts and at-large voting. On February 28, 2008,

7968-532: The project was officially named Greenbelt when the Division of Suburban Resettlement of the Resettlement Administration began construction, on January 13, 1936, about eight miles north of Washington. The complete Greenbelt plans were reviewed at the White House by President Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt on April 30, 1936. The first tenants, after selection in a stringent application process, moved in to

8064-488: The public could participate in. After launch a series of featured articles and videos were produced to highlight various scientific goals and discoveries of the mission, and an "Extreme Weather" blog is maintained to provide timely updates about the latest extreme precipitation events and natural disasters occurring around the world. A Precipitation Education website is also maintained to provide teachers and students with lesson plans, animations, and other resources to teach about

8160-838: The summers, programs such as the Summer Institute in Engineering and Computer Applications (SIECA) and Excellence through Challenging Exploration and Leadership (EXCEL) provide internship opportunities to students from the US and territories such as Puerto Rico to learn and partake in challenging scientific and engineering work. The Goddard Space Flight Center maintains ties with local area communities through external volunteer and educational programs. Employees are encouraged to take part in mentoring programs and take on speaking roles at area schools. On Center, Goddard hosts regular colloquiums in engineering, leadership and science. These events are open to

8256-424: The town on September 30, 1937. The construction consisted of structures built in the Art Deco , Streamline Moderne , and Bauhaus architectural styles . Greenbelt is credited as a historic milestone in urban development because it was the initial model for the privately constructed suburban Washington, D.C., planned cities of Reston, Virginia , and Columbia, Maryland . The original federally built core of

8352-471: The year. As an example, in September 2008 the Center opened its gates for Goddard LaunchFest. The event, free to the public, included; robot competitions, tours of Goddard facilities hosted by NASA employees, and live entertainment on the Goddard grounds. GSFC also has a large ballroom for guest events such as lectures, presentations and dinner parties. GSFC operates three facilities that are not located at

8448-454: Was Charles W. Yost . The two other Greenbelt Towns are Greendale, Wisconsin (near Milwaukee ) and Greenhills, Ohio (near Cincinnati ). A fourth town, Roosevelt, New Jersey (originally called Homestead), was planned but was not fully developed on the same large scale as Greenbelt. Eleanor Roosevelt , wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt , helped Tugwell lay out the Maryland town on

8544-474: Was 3,586.6 people per square mile (1,385.3/km ). There were 10,180 housing units at an average density of 1,701.7 per square mile (657.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 39.7% White , 41.4% African American , 0.2% Native American , 12.1% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.1% from other races , and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of the population. There were 11,202 households, out of which 26.9% had children under

8640-474: Was 3,673.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,418.2/km ). There were 10,433 housing units at an average density of 1,661.3 per square mile (641.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 30.1% White , 47.8% African American , 0.3% Native American , 9.7% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 8.6% from other races , and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.3% of the population. There were 9,747 households, of which 31.0% had children under

8736-503: Was assembled and tested at Goddard Space Flight Center, and launched from Tanegashima Space Center , Japan, on a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries H-IIA rocket. The launch occurred on February 28, 2014, at 3:37 am JST on the first attempt. Agencies in the United States, Japan, India and France (together with Eumetsat ) operate the remaining satellites in the constellation for agency-specific goals, but also cooperatively provide data for GPM. GPM has five broad science objectives: The DPR

8832-619: Was in the midst of the Gemini mission era there was a need for a new kind of operations hub and the Manned Space Flight Network Control Center (MSFNOCC) was created in building 13. The name has changed over the years and as such, the capability has grown; the facility has been the GSFC hub for human space flight and launch vehicle missions for years and has the distinct honor of having supported every single Shuttle mission. After

8928-762: Was near the end of the Queen's visit to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in Virginia. The Queen spoke with crew aboard the International Space Station from the Network Integration Center (NIC, now NSOCC) located in Building 13. Greenbelt, Maryland Greenbelt is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland , United States, and a suburb of Washington, D.C. At

9024-600: Was repaired by astronauts on the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, remains in service and continues to grow in capability thanks to its modular design and multiple servicing missions by the Space Shuttle. Today, the center remains involved in each of NASA's key programs. Goddard has developed more instruments for planetary exploration than any other organization, among them scientific instruments sent to every planet in

9120-476: Was scheduled to open in fall 1976. The new Greenbelt Middle School opened on August 20, 2012. Greenbelt is served by the Greenbelt Branch of the Prince George's County Memorial Library System . According to Greenbelt's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were: Note that data was taken from only employers who made information available, and the list does not include

9216-470: Was settled on September 30, 1937, as a public cooperative community in the New Deal era. The concept was at the same time both eminently practical and idealistically utopian: the federal government would foster an "ideal" self-sufficient cooperative community that would also ease the pressing housing shortage near the nation's capital. Construction of the new town would also create jobs and thus help stimulate

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