63-549: (Redirected from Global Open Access List ) [REDACTED] This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . Find sources: "Global Open Access Forum" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( July 2015 ) The Global Open Access List (GOAL) , until January 2012
126-410: A professional in the field, a researcher in another field, a journalist , a politician or civil servant , or an interested layperson. Indeed, a 2008 study revealed that mental health professionals are roughly twice as likely to read a relevant article if it is freely available. Research funding agencies and universities want to ensure that the research they fund and support in various ways has
189-416: A case of academic misconduct and plagiarism, and could be pursued as such. There is no evidence that "scooping" of research via preprints exists, not even in communities that have broadly adopted the use of the arXiv server for sharing preprints since 1991. If the unlikely case of scooping emerges as the growth of the preprint system continues, it can be dealt with as academic malpractice. ASAPbio includes
252-489: A colour system. The most commonly recognised names are "green", "gold", and "hybrid" open access; however, several other models and alternative terms are also used. In the gold OA model, the publisher makes all articles and related content available for free immediately on the journal's website. In such publications, articles are licensed for sharing and reuse via Creative Commons licenses or similar. Many gold OA publishers charge an article processing charge (APC), which
315-589: A journal's impact factor. Some publishers (e.g. eLife and Ubiquity Press ) have released estimates of their direct and indirect costs that set their APCs. Hybrid OA generally costs more than gold OA and can offer a lower quality of service. A particularly controversial practice in hybrid open access journals is " double dipping ", where both authors and subscribers are charged. By comparison, journal subscriptions equate to $ 3,500–$ 4,000 per article published by an institution, but are highly variable by publisher (and some charge page fees separately). This has led to
378-410: A journal, the archived version is called a " postprint ". This can be the accepted manuscript as returned by the journal to the author after successful peer review. Hybrid open-access journals contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles. A publisher following this model is partially funded by subscriptions, and only provide open access for those individual articles for which
441-555: A key principle. Open access (mostly green and gratis) began to be sought and provided worldwide by researchers when the possibility itself was opened by the advent of Internet and the World Wide Web . The momentum was further increased by a growing movement for academic journal publishing reform, and with it gold and libre OA. The premises behind open access publishing are that there are viable funding models to maintain traditional peer review standards of quality while also making
504-522: A multitude of journal and conference styles, and sometimes spend months waiting for peer review results. The drawn-out and often contentious societal and technological transition to Open Access and Open Science/Open Research, particularly across North America and Europe (Latin America has already widely adopted "Acceso Abierto" since before 2000 ) has led to increasingly entrenched positions and much debate. The area of (open) scholarly practices increasingly sees
567-461: A new open access business model, to experiments with providing as much free or open access as possible, to active lobbying against open access proposals. There are many publishers that started up as open access-only publishers, such as PLOS, Hindawi Publishing Corporation , Frontiers in... journals, MDPI and BioMed Central. Some open access journals (under the gold, and hybrid models) generate revenue by charging publication fees in order to make
630-767: A paper? Get a plug-in", Nature.com , vol. 551, no. 7680, pp. 399–400, Bibcode : 2017Natur.551..399. , doi : 10.1038/d41586-017-05922-9 , PMID 29144489 , A collection of web-browser plug-ins is making the scholarly literature more discoverable ^ "Tag 'oa.kopernio' " . Open Access Tracking Project . Harvard University. OCLC 1040261573 . Retrieved 14 June 2018 . Citations [ edit ] "Origins of OA" . US: University of Pittsburgh . (Includes timeline) "History of" , Open Access Tracking Project , Harvard University . Also: Milestones . (News feed) Peter Suber. "History of open access" . Harvard University. Compilation of Peter Suber's contributions to
693-463: A role for policy-makers and research funders giving focus to issues such as career incentives, research evaluation and business models for publicly funded research. Plan S and AmeliCA (Open Knowledge for Latin America) caused a wave of debate in scholarly communication in 2019 and 2020. Subscription-based publishing typically requires transfer of copyright from authors to the publisher so that
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#1732851408244756-583: A series of hypothetical scooping scenarios as part of its preprint FAQ, finding that the overall benefits of using preprints vastly outweigh any potential issues around scooping. Indeed, the benefits of preprints, especially for early-career researchers, seem to outweigh any perceived risk: rapid sharing of academic research, open access without author-facing charges, establishing priority of discoveries, receiving wider feedback in parallel with or before peer review, and facilitating wider collaborations. The "green" route to OA refers to author self-archiving, in which
819-499: A time-stamp at the time of publication, which helps to establish the "priority of discovery" for scientific claims (Vale and Hyman 2016). This means that a preprint can act as proof of provenance for research ideas, data, code, models, and results. The fact that the majority of preprints come with a form of permanent identifier, usually a digital object identifier (DOI), also makes them easy to cite and track. Thus, if one were to be "scooped" without adequate acknowledgement, this would be
882-627: A version of the article (often the peer-reviewed version before editorial typesetting, called "postprint") is posted online to an institutional and/or subject repository. This route is often dependent on journal or publisher policies, which can be more restrictive and complicated than respective "gold" policies regarding deposit location, license, and embargo requirements. Some publishers require an embargo period before deposition in public repositories, arguing that immediate self-archiving risks loss of subscription income. Embargoes are imposed by between 20 and 40% of journals, during which time an article
945-420: A very important role in responding to open-access mandates from funders. Timeline of the open-access movement Overview of the international movement for open access to scholarly communication This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources . The following
1008-466: A wide variety of academic disciplines, giving most academics options for OA with no APCs. Diamond OA journals are available for most disciplines, and are usually small (<25 articles per year) and more likely to be multilingual (38%); thousands of such journals exist. The growth of unauthorized digital copying by large-scale copyright infringement has enabled free access to paywalled literature. This has been done via existing social media sites (e.g.
1071-410: Is a prohibition on data mining . For this reason, many big data studies of various technologies performed by economists ( as well as machine learning by computer scientists ) are limited to patent analysis , since the patent documents are not subject to copyright at all. FAIR is an acronym for 'findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable', intended to more clearly define what is meant by
1134-454: Is a timeline of the international movement for open access to scholarly communication . 1940s-1990s [ edit ] 1942 American sociologist Robert King Merton declares: "Each researcher must contribute to the 'common pot' and give up intellectual property rights to allow knowledge to move forward." 1971 "World's first online digital library is launched, Project Gutenberg ." 1987 Syracuse University in
1197-744: Is consistent with the Green Open Access model. A persistent concern surrounding preprints is that work may be at risk of being plagiarised or "scooped" – meaning that the same or similar research will be published by others without proper attribution to the original source – if publicly available but not yet associated with a stamp of approval from peer reviewers and traditional journals. These concerns are often amplified as competition increases for academic jobs and funding, and perceived to be particularly problematic for early-career researchers and other higher-risk demographics within academia. However, preprints, in fact, protect against scooping. Considering
1260-474: Is in demand elasticity : whereas an English literature curriculum can substitute Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone with a free-domain alternative, such as A Voyage to Lilliput , an emergency room physician treating a patient for a life-threatening urushiol poisoning cannot substitute the most recent, but paywalled review article on this topic with a 90 year-old copyright-expired article that
1323-919: Is incommensurably smaller, than the cost of on-paper publishing and distribution, which is still preferred by many fiction literature readers. Whereas non-open access journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, site licenses or pay-per-view charges, open-access journals are characterised by funding models which do not require the reader to pay to read the journal's contents, relying instead on author fees or on public funding, subsidies and sponsorships. Open access can be applied to all forms of published research output, including peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed academic journal articles, conference papers , theses , book chapters, monographs , research reports and images. There are different models of open access publishing and publishers may use one or more of these models. Different open access types are currently commonly described using
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#17328514082441386-458: Is one of the most permissive, only requiring attribution to be allowed to use the material (and allowing derivations and commercial use). A range of more restrictive Creative Commons licenses are also used. More rarely, some of the smaller academic journals use custom open access licenses. Some publishers (e.g. Elsevier ) use "author nominal copyright" for OA articles, where the author retains copyright in name only and all rights are transferred to
1449-602: Is paywalled before permitting self-archiving (green OA) or releasing a free-to-read version (bronze OA). Embargo periods typically vary from 6–12 months in STEM and >12 months in humanities , arts and social sciences . Embargo-free self-archiving has not been shown to affect subscription revenue , and tends to increase readership and citations. Embargoes have been lifted on particular topics for either limited times or ongoing (e.g. Zika outbreaks or indigenous health ). Plan S includes zero-length embargoes on self-archiving as
1512-595: Is the Subscribe to Open publishing model introduced by Annual Reviews ; if the subscription revenue goal is met, the given journal's volume is published open access. Advantages and disadvantages of open access have generated considerable discussion amongst researchers, academics, librarians, university administrators, funding agencies, government officials, commercial publishers , editorial staff and society publishers. Reactions of existing publishers to open access journal publishing have ranged from moving with enthusiasm to
1575-424: Is typically paid through institutional or grant funding. The majority of gold open access journals charging APCs follow an "author-pays" model, although this is not an intrinsic property of gold OA. Self-archiving by authors is permitted under green OA. Independently from publication by a publisher, the author also posts the work to a website controlled by the author, the research institution that funded or hosted
1638-477: Is usually other researchers. Open access helps researchers as readers by opening up access to articles that their libraries do not subscribe to. All researchers benefit from open access as no library can afford to subscribe to every scientific journal and most can only afford a small fraction of them – this is known as the " serials crisis ". Open access extends the reach of research beyond its immediate academic circle. An open access article can be read by anyone –
1701-415: The #ICanHazPDF hashtag) as well as dedicated sites (e.g. Sci-Hub ). In some ways this is a large-scale technical implementation of pre-existing practice, whereby those with access to paywalled literature would share copies with their contacts. However, the increased ease and scale from 2010 onwards have changed how many people treat subscription publications. Similar to the free content definition,
1764-640: The American Scientist Open Access Forum , is the longest-standing online discussion forum on Open Access (free online access to peer-reviewed research). It was created by the American Scientist , which is published by Sigma Xi , in September 1998, before the term "Open Access" (OA) was coined, and it was originally called the "September98-Forum." Its first focus was an article published in American Scientist in which Thomas J Walker of
1827-672: The Free Journal Network . APC-free journals tend to be smaller and more local-regional in scope. Some also require submitting authors to have a particular institutional affiliation. A " preprint " is typically a version of a research paper that is shared on an online platform prior to, or during, a formal peer review process. Preprint platforms have become popular due to the increasing drive towards open access publishing and can be publisher- or community-led. A range of discipline-specific or cross-domain platforms now exist. The posting of pre-prints (and/or authors' manuscript versions)
1890-529: The University of Florida proposed that journals should furnish free online access out of the fees authors pay them to purchase reprints. Stevan Harnad , who had in 1994 made the Subversive Proposal that all researchers should self archive their peer-reviewed research, was invited to moderate the forum, which was not expected to last more than a few months. It continued to grow in size and influence across
1953-2517: The " Guerilla Open Access Manifesto ", to send "a strong message against the privatization of knowledge". 2009 12 January: European Commission-funded OpenAIRE project begins, supporting implementation of open access in Europe. Confederation of Open Access Repositories founded. 2010s [ edit ] [REDACTED] This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) 2010 " Beall's list " of predatory open access publishers begins circulating. 2011 20 January: #icanhazPDF begins on Twitter. 5 September: Sci-Hub launched by Alexandra Elbakyan . 16 December: United States Research Works Act bill introduced. UK-based CORE (COnnecting REpositories) aggregation service founded. 2012 Knowledge Unlatched established. Pasteur4OA (Open Access Policy Alignment Strategies for European Union Research) begins. The Cost of Knowledge protest begins against high prices charged by large publisher Elsevier . 22 October: Brussels Declaration signed, on open access to Belgian publicly funded research . 2013 PeerJ megajournal begins publication. Registry of Research Data Repositories begins operating. 4 October: " Who's Afraid of Peer Review? " published in Science . 2014 FOSTER Project (Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research) begins. 2016 7 March: Open Data Button ( browser extension ) launched. 2017 April: UnpayWall Button ( Browser extension ) launched (90 million articles are indexed) 10 October: Jussieu Call statement issued Plug-in search tool Canary Haz launched to enable access to PDF versions of articles (later renamed Kopernio.com ). See also [ edit ] Access to Knowledge movement History of open access Open access: history Timeline of free and open-source software References [ edit ] ^ Guy, Marieke (30 April 2015). "Open Access to Research Data: Timeline" . Open Access Working Group . UK: Open Knowledge Foundation . ^ "A Brief Timeline of Open Access" . UK: Symplectic. Archived from
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2016-526: The 2001 definition), or libre open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an open license for copyright, which regulates post-publication uses of the work. The main focus of the open access movement has been on " peer reviewed research literature", and more specifically on academic journals . This is because: 1) such publications have been a subject of serials crisis , unlike newspapers , magazines and fiction writing . The main difference between these two groups
2079-640: The Development of Open Access Repository Communities in Europe . Universitätsverlag Göttingen. ISBN 978-3-86395-095-8 – via Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN). ^ Singh Chawla, D. (10 March 2016), "Web widget nudges scientists to share their data: Open Data Button launched to encourage public sharing of data sets", Nature , 532 (7597): 136, doi : 10.1038/nature.2016.19542 , PMID 27078571 ^ Singh Chawla, Dalmeet (14 November 2017), "Need
2142-709: The Internet of the Mind – via Budapestopenaccessinitiative.org ^ "History" , pkp.sfu.ca , Canada: Public Knowledge Project , retrieved 18 June 2018 ^ "Timeline of the open access movement: 2003" . Open Access Directory . US: Simmons College . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . ^ Bo-Christer Björk (2017), "Growth of hybrid open access, 2009–2016", PeerJ , 5 : e3878, doi : 10.7717/peerj.3878 , PMC 5624290 , PMID 28975059 ^ "Policy: Open Science (Open Access): Chronology" . European Commission. Archived from
2205-1136: The Sciences and Humanities published. 25 December: Institutional Self-Archiving Policy Registry launched (later called ROARMAP). Redalyc (Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y El Caribe, España y Portugal) established in Mexico. 2004 UK Digital Curation Centre founded. Bielefeld Academic Search Engine launched by Bielefeld University , Germany. Publisher Springer begins " hybrid option 'Open Choice' for their full portfolio of over 1,000 subscription journals." 30 January: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development issues "Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding." 2005 Directory of Open Access Repositories begins publication. 2007 European Research Council issues "its first Scientific Council Guidelines for open access." 2008 Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship written. 7 April: United States National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy effected. July: Aaron Swartz releases
2268-543: The US issues one of the world's first open access journals , New Horizons in Adult Education ( ISSN 1062-3183 ). 1991 14 August: ArXiv repository of physics research papers established at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the US. 1994 27 June: Stevan Harnad posts a " Subversive Proposal " for authors to archive their articles for free for everyone online. July 1994. Electronic Green Journal (EGJ)
2331-592: The United States 1998 establishments in the United States Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from July 2015 All articles needing additional references Open access (publishing) Open access ( OA ) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which nominally copyrightable publications are delivered to readers free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to
2394-509: The United States. Public Library of Science publisher active. Open Journal Systems free software published. SPARC Europe established to promote open access in Europe. 2002 14 February: Budapest Open Access Initiative statement issued. 28 June: US-based OAIster catalog begins. 2003 11 April: Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing formed. 22 October: Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in
2457-457: The assessment that there is enough money "within the system" to enable full transition to OA. However, there is ongoing discussion about whether the change-over offers an opportunity to become more cost-effective or promotes more equitable participation in publication. Concern has been noted that increasing subscription journal prices will be mirrored by rising APCs, creating a barrier to less financially privileged authors. The inherent bias of
2520-662: The authors (or research sponsor) pay a publication fee. Hybrid OA generally costs more than gold OA and can offer a lower quality of service. A particularly controversial practice in hybrid open access journals is " double dipping ", where both authors and subscribers are charged. For these reasons, hybrid open access journals have been called a " Mephistophelian invention", and publishing in hybrid OA journals often do not qualify for funding under open access mandates , as libraries already pay for subscriptions thus have no financial incentive to fund open access articles in such journals. Bronze open access articles are free to read only on
2583-401: The current APC-based OA publishing perpetuates this inequality through the 'Matthew effect' (the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer). The switch from pay-to-read to pay-to-publish has left essentially the same people behind, with some academics not having enough purchasing power (individually or through their institutions) for either option. Some gold OA publishers will waive all or part of
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2646-448: The differences between traditional peer-review based publishing models and deposition of an article on a preprint server, "scooping" is less likely for manuscripts first submitted as preprints. In a traditional publishing scenario, the time from manuscript submission to acceptance and to final publication can range from a few weeks to years, and go through several rounds of revision and resubmission before final publication. During this time,
2709-402: The fee for authors from less developed economies . Steps are normally taken to ensure that peer reviewers do not know whether authors have requested, or been granted, fee waivers, or to ensure that every paper is approved by an independent editor with no financial stake in the journal. The main argument against requiring authors to pay a fee, is the risk to the peer review system, diminishing
2772-485: The following changes: An obvious advantage of open access journals is the free access to scientific papers regardless of affiliation with a subscribing library and improved access for the general public; this is especially true in developing countries. Lower costs for research in academia and industry have been claimed in the Budapest Open Access Initiative , although others have argued that OA may raise
2835-517: The greatest possible research impact. As a means of achieving this, research funders are beginning to expect open access to the research they support. Many of them (including all UK Research Councils) have already adopted open-access mandates , and others are on the way to do so (see ROARMAP ). A growing number of universities are providing institutional repositories in which their researchers can deposit their published articles. Some open access advocates believe that institutional repositories will play
2898-911: The history of open access, 1992–present. "Timeline of the open access movement" . Open Access Directory. This timeline was created and initially maintained by Peter Suber , who crowd-sourced it in February 2009 by moving it to the Open Access Directory . Further reading [ edit ] Mikael Laakso; et al. (2011). "Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009" . PLOS One . 6 (6): e20961. Bibcode : 2011PLoSO...620961L . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020961 . PMC 3113847 . PMID 21695139 . "Evolution of Open Access: A Brief History" , SciElo in Perspective , Brazil: SciElo , 21 October 2013 . (Timeline) Marie Lebert (2015), Open Access:
2961-532: The kinds of open access defined in the Budapest Open Access Initiative , the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities . The re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific Creative Commons licenses ; all of which require as a minimum attribution of authorship to the original authors. In 2012,
3024-516: The latter can monetise the process via dissemination and reproduction of the work. With OA publishing, typically authors retain copyright to their work, and license its reproduction to the publisher. Retention of copyright by authors can support academic freedoms by enabling greater control of the work (e.g. for image re-use) or licensing agreements (e.g. to allow dissemination by others). The most common licenses used in open access publishing are Creative Commons . The widely used CC BY license
3087-507: The number of works under libre open access was considered to have been rapidly increasing for a few years, though most open-access mandates did not enforce any copyright license and it was difficult to publish libre gold OA in legacy journals. However, there are no costs nor restrictions for green libre OA as preprints can be freely self-deposited with a free license, and most open-access repositories use Creative Commons licenses to allow reuse. The biggest drawback of many Open Access licenses
3150-498: The original on 26 October 2015. ^ "Project Factsheets: OpenAIRE Project" . Openaire.eu . Retrieved 4 March 2018 . ^ Eloy Rodrigues (2009), DRIVER and COAR: from infrastructure to confederation (PDF) – via Stellenbosch University, DSpace User Group Meeting, Sweden ^ Birgit Schmidt; Iryna Kuchma (2012). Implementing Open Access Mandates in Europe: OpenAIRE Study on
3213-422: The original on Jun 25, 2019 . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . ^ Nancy Pontika (ed.). "Early OA journals" . Open Access Directory . US: Simmons School of Library and Information Science . OCLC 757073363 . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ "OAI Meeting History" . Openarchives.org . Retrieved 12 June 2018 . ^ Jean-Claude Guédon (2017), Open Access: Toward
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#17328514082443276-1000: The overall quality of scientific journal publishing. No-fee open access journals, also known as "platinum" or "diamond" do not charge either readers or authors. These journals use a variety of business models including subsidies, advertising, membership dues, endowments, or volunteer labour. Subsidising sources range from universities, libraries and museums to foundations, societies or government agencies. Some publishers may cross-subsidise from other publications or auxiliary services and products. For example, most APC-free journals in Latin America are funded by higher education institutions and are not conditional on institutional affiliation for publication. Conversely, Knowledge Unlatched crowdsources funding in order to make monographs available open access. Estimates of prevalence vary, but approximately 10,000 journals without APC are listed in DOAJ and
3339-581: The publisher page, but lack a clearly identifiable license. Such articles are typically not available for reuse. Journals that publish open access without charging authors article processing charges are sometimes referred to as diamond or platinum OA. Since they do not charge either readers or authors directly, such publishers often require funding from external sources such as the sale of advertisements , academic institutions , learned societies , philanthropists or government grants . There are now over 350 platinum OA journals with impact factors over
3402-462: The publisher. Since open access publication does not charge readers, there are many financial models used to cover costs by other means. Open access can be provided by commercial publishers, who may publish open access as well as subscription-based journals, or dedicated open-access publishers such as Public Library of Science (PLOS) and BioMed Central . Another source of funding for open access can be institutional subscribers. One example of this
3465-486: The same work will have been extensively discussed with external collaborators, presented at conferences, and been read by editors and reviewers in related areas of research. Yet, there is no official open record of that process (e.g., peer reviewers are normally anonymous, reports remain largely unpublished), and if an identical or very similar paper were to be published while the original was still under review, it would be impossible to establish provenance. Preprints provide
3528-677: The term 'open access' and make the concept easier to discuss. Initially proposed in March 2016, it has subsequently been endorsed by organisations such as the European Commission and the G20 . The emergence of open science or open research has brought to light a number of controversial and hotly-debated topics. Scholarly publishing invokes various positions and passions. For example, authors may spend hours struggling with diverse article submission systems, often converting document formatting between
3591-421: The terms 'gratis' and 'libre' were used in the Budapest Open Access Initiative definition to distinguish between free to read versus free to reuse. Gratis open access ( [REDACTED] ) refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, without re-use rights. Libre open access ( [REDACTED] ) also refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, plus some additional re-use rights, covering
3654-482: The total cost of publication, and further increase economic incentives for exploitation in academic publishing. The open access movement is motivated by the problems of social inequality caused by restricting access to academic research, which favor large and wealthy institutions with the financial means to purchase access to many journals, as well as the economic challenges and perceived unsustainability of academic publishing. The intended audience of research articles
3717-781: The work openly available at the time of publication. The money might come from the author but more often comes from the author's research grant or employer. While the payments are typically incurred per article published (e.g. BMC or PLOS journals), some journals apply them per manuscript submitted (e.g. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics until recently) or per author (e.g. PeerJ ). Charges typically range from $ 1,000–$ 3,000 ($ 5,380 for Nature Communications ) but can be under $ 10, close to $ 5,000 or well over $ 10,000. APCs vary greatly depending on subject and region and are most common in scientific and medical journals (43% and 47% respectively), and lowest in arts and humanities journals (0% and 4% respectively). APCs can also depend on
3780-446: The work, or to an independent central open repository, where people can download the work without paying. Green OA is free of charge for the author. Some publishers (less than 5% and decreasing as of 2014) may charge a fee for an additional service such as a free license on the publisher-authored copyrightable portions of the printed version of an article. If the author posts the near-final version of their work after peer review by
3843-3081: The years and is still the site where most of the main developments in OA are first mooted, including self-archiving , institutional repositories , citation impact , research performance metrics , publishing reform, copyright reform, open access journals , and open access mandates . External links [ edit ] American Scientist Open Access Forum Official Site Global Open Access List Official Site References [ edit ] ^ Walker, T.J. (1998) Free Internet Access to Traditional Journals . American Scientist 86(5) 463-71 v t e Open access History Timeline Concepts Gratis versus libre Subscription business model Subscribe to Open Paywall Copyright transfer agreement Academic journal Scientific journal Manuscript Preprint Postprint Article processing charge Predatory publishing Statements Budapest Open Access Initiative Berlin Declaration Bethesda Statement DORA Durham Statement Geneva Declaration NIH Public Access Policy Research Works Act Strategies Self-archiving Open-access mandate Open-access repository Hybrid open-access journal Delayed open-access journal Projects and organizations The Cost of Knowledge Creative Commons Directory of Open Access Books [ ca ; es ] Directory of Open Access Journals Initiative for Open Citations Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association OpenAIRE Open Archives Initiative Open Knowledge Foundation Open Society Foundations Plan S Public Library of Science Public Knowledge Project Registry of Open Access Repositories Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition Sci-Hub By country Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary India Republic of Ireland Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Ukraine Other Access to Knowledge movement Access2Research List of open-access journals Open content Open data Open education Open government Open hardware Open knowledge Open science Open source Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_Open_Access_Forum&oldid=1004021709 " Categories : Open access projects Publishing organizations Communication Research Archives in
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#17328514082443906-1005: Was launched by the University of Idaho Library. Since 2009 it is published by the University of California eScholarship. The EGJ is a peer-reviewed publication devoted to information about international sources on environmental protection, conservation, management of natural resources, and sustainability. 1998 Brazil-based SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) launched. Public Knowledge Project founded in Canada. Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition founded in North America. 1999 October: Open Archives Initiative on interoperability standards holds its first meeting, in New Mexico, US. 2000s [ edit ] 2000 BioMed Central publisher established. 2001 15 January: Creative Commons founded in
3969-407: Was published before the invention of prednisone in 1954. 2) the authors of research papers are not paid in any way, so they do not suffer any monetary losses, when they switch from behind paywall to open access publishing, especially, if they use diamond open access media. 3) the cost of electronic publishing , which has been the main form of distribution of journal articles since ca. 2000,
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