113-650: Gipsy Kings (originally Los Reyes ) are a musical group founded in 1979 in Arles , France. The band, whose members have Catalan heritage, play a blend of Catalan rumba , flamenco , salsa , and pop . They perform mostly in Spanish but also mix in Catalan , French, and languages of southern France, such as Occitan . Although the group members were born in France, their parents were mostly gitanos (Spanish Romani ) who fled Spain during
226-405: A B-picture for a venal movie mogul ( Michael Lerner ). Fink is modeled on playwright Clifford Odets , and the character W.P. Mayhew ( John Mahoney ) is based on William Faulkner . Barton Fink was a critical success, earning Oscar nominations and winning Best Director, Best Actor and Palme d'Or at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival . It was their first film with cinematographer Roger Deakins ,
339-448: A Best Original Screenplay and a Best Actress Oscar for McDormand. Roger Ebert wrote that "it rotates its story through satire, comedy, suspense, and violence, until it emerges as one of the best films I've ever seen. To watch it is to experience steadily mounting delight, as you realize the filmmakers have taken enormous risks, gotten away with them, and have made a movie that is completely original, and as familiar as an old shoe – or
452-426: A chain gang , journey home to recover bank-heist loot the leader has buried—but they have no clear perception of where they are going. The film highlighted the comic abilities of George Clooney as the oddball lead character Ulysses Everett McGill, and of Tim Blake Nelson and John Turturro , his sidekicks. The film's bluegrass and old-time soundtrack, offbeat humor and digitally desaturated cinematography made it
565-532: A "gentle but dark" period comedy (set in 1967) with a low budget. The film is based loosely on the Coens' childhoods in an academic family in the largely Jewish suburb of Saint Louis Park, Minnesota ; it also drew comparisons to the Book of Job . Filming took place late in the summer of 2008, in the neighborhoods of Roseville and Bloomington, Minnesota , at Normandale Community College , and at St. Olaf College . The film
678-513: A Spanish-language version, titled "Hay un Amigo en Mi", and the group performed it in a recognizable flamenco style. They have also collaborated with various musical artists, including Joan Baez , recording a version of "A Mi Manera" for her 1989 album, Speaking of Dreams . They recorded the song "Get Up!" with Captain Jack , from the Eurodance group's 1999 album, The Captain's Revenge . They published
791-448: A bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination. Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus , were quick to question whether
904-582: A capacity of just over 17,000. A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles , takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there. The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles. In the past years, several cultural organizations have set up a presence in Arles, such as the LUMA Foundation , the Fondation Vincent van Gogh Arles ,
1017-576: A cover of Bob Marley 's " One Love " with his son Ziggy in 2001, and they recorded a cover of the Doobie Brothers ' " Long Train Running " with Bananarama , under the pseudonym Alma de Noche, which was included on a 2013 re-issue of the girl band's 1991 album, Pop Life . In 2020, they featured on the song " Ciclone " by Takagi & Ketra , with vocals by Elodie and Mariah Angeliq . A year later, they shared credits with Spanish rapper C. Tangana on
1130-475: A critical and commercial hit. It was the first feature film to use all-digital color grading. The film's soundtrack CD was also successful, spawning a concert and concert/documentary DVD, Down from the Mountain . The Coens next produced another noirish thriller, The Man Who Wasn't There (2001). The Coens directed the 2003 film Intolerable Cruelty , starring George Clooney and Catherine Zeta-Jones ,
1243-584: A fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins. The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until
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#17328522728161356-488: A key collaborator for the next 25 years. The Hudsucker Proxy (1994) is an homage to the screwball comedies of Frank Capra and Howard Hawks . Co-written with Raimi, the film follows a mailroom clerk ( Tim Robbins ) who is promoted to president of the Hudsucker corporation by a cynical director ( Paul Newman ) in a scheme to devalue the company's stock; a fast-talking newspaperwoman ( Jennifer Jason Leigh ) tries to scoop
1469-549: A major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the establishment of railways diminished river trade, leading to the city declining in prominence. This made it a destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe ,
1582-454: A miniature-golf course." Geoff Andrew wrote: "the lives and times of Hi, Ed and friends are painted in splendidly seedy colours, turning Arizona into a mythical haven for a memorable gaggle of no-hopers, halfwits and has-beens. Starting from a point of delirious excess, the film leaps into dark and virtually uncharted territory to soar like a comet." The film featured McDormand, William Forsythe , Sam McMurray , Randall "Tex" Cobb and marked
1695-642: A native with a spear. Lassie Come Home (1943) was reinterpreted as their Ed... A Dog , with Ethan playing the mother role in his sister's tutu . They also made original films like Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go , Lumberjacks of the North and The Banana Film . Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976, respectively, and from Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts . After Simon's Rock, Joel spent four years in
1808-461: A rubber-soled hunting boot from Land's End, more likely." The Big Lebowski (1998) is a crime comedy about Jeff "The Dude" Lebowski ( Jeff Bridges ), a Los Angeles slacker who is involved in a kidnapping case after being mistaken for a millionaire of the same name ( David Huddleston .) It features Philip Seymour Hoffman as Lebowski's flunky, Goodman and Buscemi as The Dude's bowling buddies and Julianne Moore as his "special lady friend". It
1921-683: A son, Pedro McDormand Coen, from Paraguay when he was six months old. McDormand has acted in a number of Coen Brothers films: Blood Simple , Raising Arizona , Miller's Crossing , Barton Fink , Fargo , The Man Who Wasn't There , Burn After Reading , and Hail, Caesar! For her performance in Fargo , she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1993. They have two children: daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob. The two describe their relationship as “nontraditional”; Cooke identifies as both queer and
2034-471: A throwback to the romantic comedies of the 1940s. It focuses on hotshot divorce lawyer Miles Massey and a beautiful divorcée whom Massey managed to prevent from receiving any money in her divorce. She vows to get even with him while, at the same time, he becomes smitten with her. Intolerable Cruelty received generally positive reviews, although it is considered one of the duo's weaker films. Also that year, they executive produced and did an uncredited rewrite of
2147-787: Is a coastal city and commune in the South of France, a subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region , in the former province of Provence . A large part of the Camargue , the largest wetlands in France, is located within the territory of the commune, which is the largest in Metropolitan France in terms of geographic territory. In non-metropolitan France, Maripasoula in French Guiana
2260-510: Is a historically important transport route connecting the inland Rhône-Alpes region with the Mediterranean Sea . The port of Arles and its adjacent rail and road connections provides a major transshipment node, which in 2013 handled approximately 450,000 tonnes of goods. Arles is twinned with: Joel and Ethan Coen Joel Daniel Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957), together known as
2373-419: Is a return to noir themes, but in some respects it was a departure for the Coens; with the exception of Stephen Root , none of the stable of regular actors appears in the film. No Country received nearly universal critical praise, garnering a 94% "Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes . It won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture , Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay , all of which were received by
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#17328522728162486-538: Is also a writer of short stories, theater and poetry. They are known for their distinctive stylistic trademarks including genre hybridity. No Country for Old Men , A Serious Man and Inside Llewyn Davis were included on the BBC 's 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000 . In 1998, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Fargo among the 100 greatest American movies . Richard Corliss wrote of
2599-497: Is especially dazzling. So is the fact that Mr. Coen, unlike many people who have directed great-looking film noir efforts, knows better than to let handsomeness become the film's entire raison d'être. In addition to its stylishness, Blood Simple has the kind of purposefulness and coherence that show Mr. Coen to be headed for bigger, even better, things." Joel's direction was recognized at the Sundance and Independent Spirit awards. It
2712-430: Is served by a number of airports in the region, most notably the major international airport of Marseille Provence approximately an hour's drive away. The A54 autoroute toll motorway, which locally connects Salon-de-Provence with Nîmes and in a wider sense forms part of European route E80 , passes by Arles. The Rhône , which for navigation purposes is classified as a Class V waterway as far upstream as Lyon ,
2825-454: Is the largest French commune in general. The commune's land area is roughly similar to that of Singapore . The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis . The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981 for their testimony to the history of the region. The city is famous for being
2938-465: The Palme d'Or for Barton Fink at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival . The Coens have written films for other directors, including Sam Raimi 's Crimewave (1985), Angelina Jolie 's World War II biopic Unbroken (2014) and Steven Spielberg 's Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015). They produced Terry Zwigoff 's Bad Santa (2003) and John Turturro 's Romance and Cigarettes (2005). Ethan
3051-672: The Yellow Room , Starry Night Over the Rhone , and L'Arlésienne . Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles . The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he voluntarily left Arles for
3164-405: The 88th Academy Awards . The Coens directed the film Hail, Caesar! , about a " fixer " in 1950s Hollywood trying to discover what happened to a cast member who vanishes during filming. It stars Coen regulars George Clooney , Josh Brolin , Frances McDormand , Scarlett Johansson and Tilda Swinton , as well as Channing Tatum , Ralph Fiennes , Jonah Hill , and Alden Ehrenreich . The film
3277-745: The Atlantic Theater Company Stage 2, opening to mostly enthusiastic reviews. The initial run closed on February 10, 2008, but the same production was moved to a new theatre for a commercial off-Broadway run at the Bleecker Street Theater in New York City. Produced by The Atlantic Theater Company, it ran there from March 2008 through June 1, 2008. and Art Meets Commerce. In May 2009, the Atlantic Theater Company produced Coen's Offices , as part of their mainstage season at
3390-1026: The Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, he was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great . Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king. The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy , even heresy , in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved
3503-896: The Coen brothers ( / ˈ k oʊ ə n / ), are an American filmmaking duo. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody. Among their most acclaimed works are Blood Simple (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), Miller's Crossing (1990), Barton Fink (1991), Fargo (1996), The Big Lebowski (1998), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), No Country for Old Men (2007), A Serious Man (2009), True Grit (2010) and Inside Llewyn Davis (2013). The brothers generally write, direct and produce their films jointly, although due to DGA regulations, Joel received sole directing credit while Ethan received sole production credit until The Ladykillers (2004), from which point on they would be credited together as directors and producers; they also shared editing credits under
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3616-445: The FX network. It is created by Noah Hawley and executive produced by the brothers. The Coens also contributed to the screenplay for Unbroken , along with Richard LaGravenese and William Nicholson . The film is directed by Angelina Jolie and based on Laura Hillenbrand 's non-fiction book, Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption (2010) which itself
3729-625: The French Revolution of 1789. Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV made the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France ) vicar of the moribund Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles for his lifetime. The kingdom ceased to have any political existence soon afterwards. Arles remained economically important for many years as
3842-551: The Manuel Rivera-Ortiz Foundation or the Lee Ufan Foundation. On top of that, there are countless galleries scattered throughout the city. Bullfights are conducted in the amphitheatre , including Provençal-style bullfights ( courses camarguaises ) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on
3955-594: The Muslim Arabs after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. Louis the Pious, in 829, placed Arles under royal protection and assigned it with special privileges. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy , which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded
4068-557: The Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC,
4181-526: The Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence . Arles had an important and prominent Jewish community between the Roman era and the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evidence of Jews in Arles is not before the fifth century, when a distinguished community already existed in
4294-408: The mistral , a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas. The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Arles proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Arles ceded part of its territory to
4407-668: The 1930s Spanish Civil War . They are known for bringing rumba flamenca , a pop-oriented music distantly derived from traditional flamenco and rumba , to a worldwide audience, and for their interpretations of English-language pop hits. In the 1970s, José Reyes and Manitas de Plata were a duo who played rumba flamenca in the southern French town of Arles . When they split up, Reyes began performing with his sons, Nicolas, François (Canut) , André, Patchaï, and Paul (Pablo), as José et Los Reyes (as well as being their family name, reyes means "kings" in Spanish). After their father's death in 1979,
4520-511: The 1991 Disney Records direct-to-video album Simply Mad About the Mouse: A Musical Celebration of Imagination . Their version of Eagles ' " Hotel California " was an example of fast flamenco guitar leads and rhythmic strumming; it was featured in the 1998 Coen Brothers ' movie, The Big Lebowski . The 2010 film Toy Story 3 featured their rendition of Randy Newman 's " You've Got a Friend in Me " in
4633-493: The 2005 novel of the same name by Cormac McCarthy . Vietnam veteran Llewelyn Moss ( Josh Brolin ), living near the Texas/Mexico border, stumbles upon, and decides to take, two million dollars in drug money. He must then go on the run to avoid those trying to recover the money, including sociopathic killer Anton Chigurh ( Javier Bardem ), who confounds both Llewelyn and local sheriff Ed Tom Bell ( Tommy Lee Jones ). The plotline
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4746-528: The Christmas black comedy Bad Santa , which garnered positive reviews. In 2004, the Coens made The Ladykillers , a remake of the British classic by Ealing Studios . A professor, played by Tom Hanks , assembles a team to rob a casino. They rent a room in an elderly woman's home to plan the heist. When the woman discovers the plot, the gang decides to murder her to ensure her silence. The Coens received some of
4859-446: The Coen brothers have tied the record for the most nominations by a single nominee (counting an "established duo" as one nominee) for the same film. Orson Welles set the record in 1941 with Citizen Kane being nominated for Best Picture (though at the time, individual producers were not named as nominees), Best Director, Best Actor , and Best Original Screenplay . Warren Beatty received
4972-580: The Coens and Raimi. Joel and Raimi also made cameos in Spies Like Us (1985). The brothers wanted to follow their debut with something fast-paced and funny. Raising Arizona (1987) follows an unlikely married couple: ex-convict H.I. ( Nicolas Cage ) and police officer Ed ( Holly Hunter ), who long for a baby but are unable to conceive. When furniture tycoon Nathan Arizona ( Trey Wilson ) appears on television with his newly born quintuplets and jokes that they "are more than we can handle", H.I. steals one of
5085-423: The Coens, as well as Best Supporting Actor received by Bardem. The Coens, as "Roderick Jaynes", were also nominated for Best Editing , but lost. It was the first time since 1961 (when Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise won for West Side Story ) that two directors received the Academy Award for Best Director at the same time. In January 2008, Ethan Coen's play Almost an Evening premiered off-broadway at
5198-578: The Coens: "Dexterously flipping and reheating old movie genres like so many pancakes, they serve them up fresh, not with syrup but with a coating of comic arsenic." Joel Daniel Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957) were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota , a suburb of Minneapolis . Their mother, Rena ( née Neumann; 1925–2001), was an art historian at St. Cloud State University , and their father, Edward Coen (1919–2012),
5311-476: The Gypsies . Between 1989 and 2013, the band released nine studio albums: Mosaïque (1989), Este Mundo (1991), Love and Liberté (1993), Estrellas (1995), Compas (1997), Somos Gitanos (2001), Roots (2004), Pasajero (2006), and Savor Flamenco (2013). Their latest, Evidence , came out in 2018. Savor Flamenco won a Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album in 2014. In 1992, they issued
5424-543: The Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades . The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in
5537-642: The Linda Gross Theater. Burn After Reading , a comedy starring Brad Pitt and George Clooney, was released September 12, 2008, and portrays a collision course between two gym instructors, spies and Internet dating. Released to positive reviews, it debuted at No. 1 in North America. In 2009, the Coens directed a television commercial titled "Air Freshener" for the Reality Coalition. They next directed A Serious Man , released October 2, 2009,
5650-451: The Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only
5763-550: The United States), which included the songs " Djobi Djoba ", " Bamboléo ", and the ballad " Un Amor ". The record spent forty weeks on the US charts, one of few Spanish-language albums to do so. Pablo Reyes left the group in 1988, due to hearing problems. Chico Bouchikhi, one of the group's founding members, left in 1991 due to financial disagreements with their then-manager, Claude Martinez, and went on to start his own group, Chico &
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#17328522728165876-743: The album Nací Gitano . Patchaï Reyes performs as Gitano Family with his son. Founding member Chico Bouchikhi tours with his band Chico & the Gypsies . They have released numerous albums since 1992. Gipsy Kings originally consisted of two parent families: Reyes and Baliardo. The Reyes brothers, sons of Jose Reyes, are nephews of Manitas de Plata , while the Baliardo brothers are his sons. Current Past Arles Arles ( / ɑːr l ( z )/ ARL(Z) , US also / ˈ ɑːr əl / AR -əl , French: [aʁl] ; Provençal : Arle [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms ; Classical Latin : Arelate )
5989-569: The alias Roderick Jaynes . The duo started directing separately in the 2020s, resulting in Joel's The Tragedy of Macbeth (2021) and Ethan's Jerry Lee Lewis: Trouble in Mind (2022) and Drive-Away Dolls (2024). They have been nominated for 13 Academy Awards together, plus one individual nomination for each, sharing Best Original Screenplay for Fargo , and Best Picture , Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay for No Country for Old Men . They won
6102-429: The archdiocese of Caesarius of Arles and Hilary of Arles . Additionally, many artists have lived and worked in this area, including Pablo Picasso , Paul Gauguin and Jacques Réattu . The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889, and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. These are held in internationally known museums and private collections around
6215-454: The area of Paris . In addition to the city proper in the north of the territory, the commune of Arles includes a number of outlying towns and hamlets, including Albaron, Gageron, Mas-Thibert, Moulès, Pont-de-Crau , Raphèle-lès-Arles, Saliers, Salin-de-Giraud and Le Sambuc. The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later Celtic influences have also been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before it
6328-562: The best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten . The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces. The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on
6441-497: The bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot. The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns in Europe. In 395, it became
6554-755: The brothers continued to perform, joined by their cousins Diego, Paco, and Tonino Baliardo (nephews of Manitas de Plata), as well as French Moroccan musician Chico Bouchikhi , who was then married to Marthe Reyes, José's daughter. Traveling around France and playing at weddings, festivals, and in the streets as a gypsy band, they adopted the moniker Gipsy Kings, with Nicolas as lead vocalist and Tonino on lead guitar. Later, they were hired to play at upper-class parties in such places as Saint-Tropez . Their first two albums, Allegria (1982) and Luna de Fuego (1983), attracted little notice. Success came for Gipsy Kings with their self-titled third album , released in 1987 (1989 in
6667-564: The bust is a portrait of Caesar. Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar, which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for
6780-537: The channel, tending to confirm its long working life. It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on
6893-483: The concert album Live . The band have been criticised by flamenco purists, but Nicolas Reyes has said in an interview that the flamenco world is not in great shape itself, and that the band are proud of their success. Their 1997 album, Compas , however, contains more traditional flamenco music. Gipsy Kings recorded a cover of Frank Sinatra 's " My Way ", entitled "A Mi Manera", which was included on their 1987 self-titled album. They covered " I've Got No Strings " for
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#17328522728167006-428: The distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy ( Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars , Camisards ). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre. It hosted church councils (see Council of Arles ), the rival of Vienne , for hundreds of years. The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on
7119-526: The end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century. The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 12,000 of the 30,000–40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time. A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome . Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in
7232-404: The first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors. The LUMA Tower is a 56-meter tall construction, the center of the LUMA Arles arts center. In September–October 2007, divers led by Lucas Longas from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in
7345-432: The first of many collaborations between the Coens and John Goodman . Miller's Crossing (1990) is a gangster film inspired by Dashiell Hammett 's Red Harvest (1929) and The Glass Key (1931). It stars Gabriel Byrne as Irish mobster Tom Reagan and features Albert Finney , Marcia Gay Harden , Steve Buscemi , Jon Polito and John Turturro . The film was released almost simultaneously with Goodfellas and
7458-399: The first weekend of September, during the feria , Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight. Parts of the films Ronin , At Eternity's Gate and Taxi 3 were filmed in Arles. Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013 , the year-long series of cultural events held in
7571-420: The kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais , Geneva , Chablais and Bugey . In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles . In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II
7684-427: The life of Dave Van Ronk . The film stars Oscar Isaac , Justin Timberlake , and Carey Mulligan . It won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , where it was highly praised by critics. They received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Song for "Please Mr. Kennedy", which is heard in the film. Fargo , a television series inspired by their film of the same name, premiered in April 2014 on
7797-403: The local museum. Arles has a hot summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ) with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948–1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and cool to mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of
7910-423: The marsh'. The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory. But its population numbers only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times
8023-403: The mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 water wheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from
8136-455: The most lukewarm reviews of their careers in response to this film. They directed two short films for two separate anthology films — Paris, je t'aime ( Tuileries , 2006) starring Steve Buscemi , and To Each His Own Cinema ( World Cinema , 2007) starring Josh Brolin . Both films received highly positive reviews. No Country for Old Men , released in November 2007, closely follows
8249-600: The name of his touring band, Gipsy Kings featuring Tonino Baliardo. In 2022, Nicolas Reyes and Moroccan musician Saad Lamjarred collaborated to pay tribute to King Mohammed VI on Throne Day , releasing a song called "Viva El Rey Habibna". André Reyes performs with his own band, under the name Gipsy Kings by André Reyes. The group consists of André and a number of his relatives, including his son Thomas, his nephews Kakou and Tambo, his brother Patchaï, and his first cousin Mario, as well as four backing musicians. In 2022, they released
8362-460: The new commune of Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône in 1904, and to the new commune of Saint-Martin-de-Crau in 1925. Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include: The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques , with one of
8475-447: The one-act comedy Talking Cure , which was produced on Broadway in 2011 as part of Relatively Speaking , an anthology of three one-act plays by Coen, Elaine May , and Woody Allen . In 2011, the Coen brothers won the $ 1 million Dan David Prize for their contribution to cinema and society. Inside Llewyn Davis (2013) is a treatise on the 1960s folk music scene in New York City's Greenwich Village , and very loosely based on
8588-522: The persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews. AC Arles-Avignon was a professional French football team. They previously played in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football, but were dissolved in 2016. They play at the Parc des Sports , which has
8701-468: The position's significance. The only exception to this rule is if the co-directors are an "established duo". Since 2004 they have been able to share the director credit and the Coen brothers have become only the third duo to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director . With four Academy Award nominations for No Country for Old Men for the duo ( Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Film Editing as Roderick Jaynes),
8814-413: The province of Gallia Narbonensis . It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre , triumphal arch , Roman circus , theatre , and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. The river has carried centuries of silt that has filled in the former harbor. The city had (and still has)
8927-430: The quintuplets to bring up as their own. Pauline Kael noted its "cornpone-surreal quality" and wrote that the Coens "are going with their strengths. They're making a contraption, and they're good at it because they know how to make the camera behave mechanically, which is just right here—it mirrors the mechanics of farce ... The Sunsets look marvellously ultra-vivid; the paint doesn't seem to be dry—it's like opening day at
9040-445: The ransom, which he plans to split with the kidnappers (Buscemi and Peter Stormare ). Complications ensue, and local cop Marge Gunderson (McDormand) starts to investigate. Produced on a small budget of $ 7 million, Fargo was a critical and commercial success, with particular praise for its dialogue and McDormand's performance. The film received several awards, including a BAFTA award and Cannes award for direction, and two Oscars :
9153-759: The region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013. Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It takes place on Saturday and Wednesday mornings. The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon , Nîmes , Marseille , Paris , Bordeaux and several regional destinations. Arles does not have its own commercial airport, but
9266-602: The river Moselle by the poet Ausonius . The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water wheels was widespread in Roman mines. In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus , who feared Charles Martel 's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Muslim expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles from
9379-630: The same nominations, first for Heaven Can Wait in 1978 and again in 1981 with Reds . Alan Menken also then achieved the same feat when he was nominated for Best Score and triple-nominated for Best Song for Beauty and the Beast in 1991. Most recently Chloé Zhao matched this record in 2021 when she was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing for Nomadland (which also starred McDormand in her third Oscar-winning role). Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. In 1995, they adopted
9492-468: The scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on 13 May 2008 that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today. The story was picked up by all larger media outlets. The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that
9605-469: The script for Suburbicon in 1986. The film was eventually directed by George Clooney and began filming in October 2016. It was released by Paramount Pictures in the fall of 2017. The Coens directed The Ballad of Buster Scruggs , a Western anthology starring Tim Blake Nelson , Liam Neeson , and James Franco . It began streaming on Netflix on November 16, 2018, after a brief theatrical run. It
9718-581: The seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls , governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica ( Brittany ). At that time, the city was home to an estimated 75,000–100,000 people. It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I , who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II ,
9831-429: The song "Ingobernable", which appeared on his album El Madrileño . Individual members of the band have toured with their own projects and released solo albums. In 1989, Canut Reyes published Boléro , and in 2012, his second album, Gitano , came out. Tonino Baliardo released an instrumental album in 2001, titled Essences . He followed it two years later with Tonino Baliardo . In 2023, he issued Renaissance , under
9944-525: The southernmost bridge on the Rhône. The recently discovered republican House of the Harpist is an exceptional example of ancient architecture and interior decoration. Dating from 70-50 BC, it has yielded elaborate frescoes. The Roman bridge was unique in that it was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats , with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of
10057-494: The story. Critics praised the production design but criticized the tone. It was a box office bomb ($ 30 million budget, $ 3 million gross in the US). The brothers bounced back with the "homespun murder story" Fargo (1996), set in their home state of Minnesota . In it, car salesman Jerry Lundegaard ( William H. Macy ), who has serious financial problems, has his wife kidnapped so that his wealthy father-in-law ( Harve Presnell ) will pay
10170-431: The tale of a bar owner ( Dan Hedaya ) who hires a detective ( M. Emmet Walsh ) to kill his wife and her lover ( Frances McDormand and John Getz , respectively). It contains elements that point to their future direction: distinctive homages to genre movies (in this case noir and horror ), plot twists layered over a simple story, snappy dialogue and dark humor . Janet Maslin wrote: "The camera work by Barry Sonnenfeld
10283-412: The territory of the commune of Fontvieille , a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world ". The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of
10396-462: The third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence. Mary Beard has accused
10509-565: The town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. In the eighth century, jurisdiction over the Jews of Arles was passed to the local Archbishop, making
10622-537: The undergraduate film program at New York University , where he made a 30-minute thesis film, Soundings . In 1979, he briefly enrolled in the graduate film program at the University of Texas at Austin , following a woman he had married who was in the graduate linguistics program. The marriage soon ended in divorce and Joel left UT Austin after nine months. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned an undergraduate degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis
10735-647: The works of Federico Fellini to the Sons of Hercules films) aired on a Minneapolis station, the Tarzan films , and comedies ( Jerry Lewis , Bob Hope and Doris Day ). In the mid-1960s, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with their neighborhood friend Mark Zimering ("Zeimers") as the star. Cornel Wilde 's The Naked Prey (1965) became their Zeimers in Zambezi , which featured Ethan as
10848-450: The world. An international photography festival has been held annually in the city since 1970. The settlement is attested as Arelate in the mid-1st century BC ( Caesar ), Areláte (Ἀρελάτε) in the early 1st c. AD ( Strabo ), Arlate civitas in 954, and Arle in the 13th century. The toponym Arelate is a Latinized form of the Gaulish * Arelati , meaning 'by the marsh', or 'in front of
10961-821: Was a barrister in the Inns of Court in London before retiring to Hove with their grandmother. Edward Coen was an American citizen born in the United States, but grew up in Croydon , London and studied at the London School of Economics . Afterwards he moved to the United States, where he met the Coens' mother, and served in the United States Army during World War II . The Coens developed an early interest in cinema through television. They grew up watching Italian films (ranging from
11074-537: Was a 41-page essay, "Two Views of Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy", which was supervised by Raymond Geuss . After graduating from New York University , Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Edna Ruth Paul in editing Raimi's first feature film, The Evil Dead (1981). The duo made their debut with Blood Simple (1984). Set in Texas , it tells
11187-533: Was a Professor of Economics at the University of Minnesota . The brothers have an older sister, Deborah, who is a psychiatrist in Israel. In regards to whether our background influences our film making ... who knows? We don't think about it ... There's no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. —Joel Coen, on the Coens' Jewish heritage. Both sides of the Coen family were Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews . Their paternal grandfather, Victor Coen,
11300-617: Was announced in March 2019 that Joel Coen would be directing an adaptation of Macbeth starring Denzel Washington and Frances McDormand . The film, titled The Tragedy of Macbeth , was Joel's first directorial effort without his brother, who was taking a break from films to focus on theater. The film premiered at the 2021 New York Film Festival . The 2022 Cannes Film Festival had a special screening of Jerry Lee Lewis: Trouble in Mind , an archival documentary film directed solely by Ethan Coen and edited by his wife Tricia Cooke . In 2022, it
11413-476: Was announced that Ethan Coen would be directing Drive-Away Dolls for Focus Features and Working Title from a script he co-wrote with Cooke. It would be Ethan's first narrative film without his brother. The film was released in February 2024. The Coen brothers' own film production company, Mike Zoss Productions located in New York City, has been credited on their films from O Brother, Where Art Thou? onwards. It
11526-538: Was another critical and commercial success. The title was borrowed from the Preston Sturges film Sullivan's Travels (1941), whose lead character, movie director John Sullivan, had planned to make a film with that title. Based loosely on Homer 's Odyssey (complete with a Cyclops , sirens , et al. ), the story is set in Mississippi in the 1930s and follows a trio of escaped convicts who, after absconding from
11639-484: Was based on the life of Louis Zamperini . It was released on December 25, 2014, to average reviews. The Coens co-wrote, with playwright Matt Charman , the screenplay for the dramatic historical thriller Bridge of Spies , about the 1960 U-2 Incident . The film was directed by Steven Spielberg , and released on October 4, 2015, to critical acclaim. They were nominated for the Best Original Screenplay at
11752-526: Was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408. Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of Favorinus , known as the sceptical philosopher. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric
11865-648: Was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus , then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542. Suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with
11978-566: Was influenced by Raymond Chandler 's The Big Sleep (1939) and Robert Altman 's The Long Goodbye . It has become a cult classic . An annual festival, Lebowski Fest , began in 2002, and many adhere to the philosophy of " Dudeism ". Entertainment Weekly ranked it 8th on their Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years list in 2008. It was the first collaboration between the Coens and T Bone Burnett , credited as "Music Archivist". The Coen brothers' next film, O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000),
12091-715: Was named after Mike Zoss Drug, an independent pharmacy in St. Louis Park since 1950 that was the brothers' beloved hangout when they were growing up in the Twin Cities . The name was also used for the pharmacy in No Country for Old Men . The Mike Zoss logo consists of a crayon drawing of a horse, standing in a field of grass with its head turned around as it looks back over its hindquarters. Up to 2003, Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing, due to guild rules that disallowed multiple director credits to prevent dilution of
12204-554: Was nominated for the Oscars for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay . True Grit (2010) is based on the 1968 novel of the same name by Charles Portis . Filming was done in Texas and New Mexico. Hailee Steinfeld stars as Mattie Ross along with Jeff Bridges as Marshal Rooster Cogburn . Matt Damon and Josh Brolin also appear in the movie. True Grit was nominated for ten Academy Awards including Best Picture. Ethan Coen wrote
12317-419: Was not a commercial success, but received positive reviews. Christopher Orr calls it "a distillation of all the tropes and themes and moods of the classic gangster film." It was the Coens' first collaboration with production designer Dennis Gassner . They followed it with Barton Fink (1991); set in 1941, it follows a New York playwright, the eponymous Fink (Turturro), who moves to Los Angeles to write
12430-399: Was released on February 5, 2016. In 2016, the Coens gave to their longtime friend and collaborator John Turturro the right to use his character of Jesus Quintana from The Big Lebowski in his own spin-off, The Jesus Rolls , which he would also write and direct. The Coens have no involvement in the production. In August 2016, the film began principal photography. The Coens first wrote
12543-456: Was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata , which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum , "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth." Arelate was a city of considerable importance in
12656-447: Was taken over by the Romans . The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city. They built a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea in 104 BC. Arles had to compete with Massalia (Marseille) further along the coast. Arles' leaders sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey , providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia
12769-401: Was the first film shot by Sonnenfeld, who collaborated with the Coens on their two subsequent films and went on to be a director. It marked the first of many collaborations between the Coens and composer Carter Burwell . It was also the screen debut of McDormand, who went on to feature in many of the Coens' films (and marry Joel). Their next project was Crimewave (Raimi, 1985), written by
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