82-532: The Hawke's Bay wine region is New Zealand 's oldest and second-largest wine-production region, on the east coast of the North Island. Production reached 41,000 tonnes in 2018 from 4,681 hectares (11,570 acres) of planted vines, representing 10.2% of total national production. Some of the oldest wineries still operating in New Zealand, including Te Mata Estate , Church Road, and Mission Estate , were established in
164-412: A Scouts New Zealand branch. However, since 2000, both major youth organisations have gone into recess. From at least 1870 Waipawa was served by mail coaches running between Napier and Waipukurau . On 6 December 1981 the station closed to passengers, it was an unattended station from 20 November 1983, closed to all but parcels on 18 August 1984 and closed completely on 2 November 1984. By 1987 only
246-474: A 1984 government initiative paid growers to pull up vines, but many growers used the grants to swap these varieties with more fashionable ones, particularly Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, often keeping the old rootstock . This, combined with the introduction throughout the 1980s of much improved canopy management techniques to reduce leaf vigour and improve grape quality, set the New Zealand wine industry on course for recovery and greatly improved quality. By
328-724: A Geographical Indication (GI) classification for New Zealand wine, equivalent to the European Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) classification and the American Viticultural Areas in the United States . In 2017, a total of 18 applications were lodged with the GI register at the Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand , and registrations were complete by early 2019. Northland is
410-465: A Geographical Indication since October 2017, is one of New Zealand's smallest. It contains two GI sub-regions, Gladstone and Martinborough, as well as Masterton and Opaki . Martinborough was the original area planted on the basis of careful scientific study in the 1970s, which identified its soils and climate as perfectly suited to the cultivation of Pinot Noir. As a consequence, many of the vineyards established there are older than their counterparts in
492-574: A children's home in Waipawa named Abbotsford. However, it was often shown as Abbotsford, Waipawa and Waipawa was more commonly used alone after the opening of the Waipawa railway station and Waipawa Mail in the late 1870s. A local newspaper, the Waipawa Mail , was published for most of the period from 1878 to 1980. It was one of 45 started by Joseph Ivess . In 1980 it merged to become the CHB Mail , which
574-438: A distinctive effect on both New Zealand wine styles and the domestic palate. The early wines, which made a stir internationally, were lauded for the intensity and purity of the fruit in the wine. Indeed, the strength of flavour in the wine accommodated very dry styles, despite intense acidity. While stainless steel did not produce the intensity of fruit, it allowed for its exploitation. Even today, New Zealand white wines tend toward
656-486: A great deal of complexity, with aromas and flavours not common in New Zealand wine and normally associated with Burgundy wine . Notable producers include Akarua, Felton Road, Chard Farm and Mount Difficulty. In a blind tasting of New Zealand Pinot Noir in 2006, Michael Cooper reported that of the top ten wines, five came from Central Otago, four from Marlborough and one from Waipara. This compares with all top ten wines coming from Marlborough in an equivalent blind tasting in
738-515: A greater complexity. In an article in Decanter (September 2014), Bob Campbell suggests regional styles are starting to emerge within New Zealand Pinot Noir. Marlborough, with by far the largest plantings of Pinot, produces wines that are quite aromatic, red fruit in particular red cherry, with a firm tannic structure that provides cellaring potential. New Zealand red wines are also made from
820-585: A phase in the 1980s and 1990s of mainly Cabernet Sauvignon planting and wine production by large producers such as Corbans , McWilliams, and Mission Estate. As viticultural techniques were improved and tailored to New Zealand's maritime climate, other Bordeaux-style grapes were planted, and a switch of emphasis made to the more suitable, earlier-ripening Merlot. Today, Merlot is the second most planted red variety after Pinot Noir, accounting for 1,087 hectares (2,690 acres), outweighing Cabernet Sauvignon plantings by five to one. Typically, these Bordeaux blends come from
902-454: A sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 43.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 450 people (21.6%) aged under 15 years, 291 (14.0%) aged 15 to 29, 912 (43.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 429 (20.6%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 84.0% European/ Pākehā , 25.3% Māori , 3.9% Pacific peoples , 1.7% Asian , and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
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#1732859401391984-604: A third of what it was in the early 2000s and has been overtaken by a tripling of Syrah planting in that time. In the same time period, Sauvignon Blanc has grown more than five-fold and Pinot Noir has doubled. Whilst today's fashion has turned from Bordeaux blends to Pinot Noir, it also indicates the marginality of Cabernet Sauvignon in New Zealand conditions. There are some producers dedicated to establishing other red grape varieties. New Zealand has small plantings of Tempranillo , Pinotage, Montepulciano and Sangiovese in Hawke's Bay and
1066-501: A total area of 1,067 hectares (2,640 acres), or about three per cent of the New Zealand total. Nearly half of this area is Pinot Noir, the remainder mostly Sauvignon Blanc, with smaller areas of Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Riesling and Syrah. Martinborough is a small wine village located 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Wellington by road, in the South Wairarapa. The combination of topography, geology, climate and human effort has led to
1148-452: A vineyard, where grapes are grown on the land surrounding a central simply owned or family-owned estate with its own discrete viticultural and winemaking equipment and storage, is only one model. While the European cooperative model (where district or AOC village winemaking takes place in a centralized production facility) is uncommon, contract growing of fruit for winemakers has been a feature of
1230-525: Is a decile 3 school with a roll of 332 as of August 2024. The school opened in 1862. Waipawa used to have a secondary school, Waipawa District High School. This was merged in 1959 with Waipukurau District High School to make Central Hawke's Bay College based in Waipukurau . Waipawa has been home to several youth organisations. Namely, the New Zealand Cadet Forces 's ATC branch, as well as
1312-416: Is a small region covering the greater Auckland Region , with a total vineyard area in 2022 of 285 hectares (700 acres). The region mostly consists of small boutique wineries, and produces some of New Zealand's finest Chardonnay white wines, as well as red Bordeaux-style wines and Syrah. Auckland has three sub-regions established as geographical indications: Waiheke Island , Kumeu , and Matakana . Although
1394-504: Is approximately 2,100 hectares (5,200 acres) traced by three roads: Ngatarawa Road, State Highway 50 and Maraekakaho Road. The area adjoins the Gimblett Gravels to the north, and contains the old riverbed of the nearby Ngaruroro River before it changed course after an earthquake in the 1860s. The soils include free draining alluvial gravels and shallow clay-loam soils over Lake Taupō pumice tephras . Vineyards were first established in
1476-400: Is common to see an Auckland producer market a "Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc" or a Marlborough producer market a "Gisborne Chardonnay". Contract growing is an example of the use of indigenous agro-industrial methods that predate the New Zealand wine industry. Another example of the adaptation of NZ methods toward the new industry was the universal use of stainless steel in winemaking adapted from
1558-558: Is exported, chiefly to the United States, Britain and Australia, reaching a record NZ$ 1.92 billion in export revenue in 2020. Winemaking and viticulture date back to New Zealand's colonial era . New Zealand's first vineyard was planted in 1819 by missionary Samuel Marsden in Kerikeri . James Busby , New Zealand's governing British Resident in the 1830s, planted vineyards on his land near Waitangi , having earlier established what
1640-604: Is incorrect as of November of 2023, as far as being a GI officially recognized by the New Zealand Intellection Property Office, the organization that regulates GIs.) The designation is controlled as a registered trademark owned by the Gimblett Gravels Winegrowers Association, available only to its members. Membership is open to any producer that can show their vineyards are on the Gimblett Gravels soil (and thus by definition within
1722-419: Is most well known internationally for red wines made from traditional French varieties. After Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir has become New Zealand's second most planted variety, while in the warmer regions, particularly Hawke's Bay and Waiheke Island, Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends of mainly Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon have been gaining recognition. The late 1970s were early in the modern wine industry, and
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#17328594013911804-533: Is now a free weekly paper, published in Waipukurau. Waipawa covers 6.80 km (2.63 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 2,540 as of June 2024, with a population density of 374 people per km . Waipawa had a population of 2,085 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 114 people (5.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 159 people (8.3%) since the 2006 census . There were 843 households, comprising 990 males and 1,095 females, giving
1886-704: Is now the Hunter Valley wine region during his time in Australia. He was producing wine for locally stationed British soldiers in 1836. In 1851, French Marist missionaries established a vineyard in Hawke's Bay for making Communion wine . Now part of the Mission Estate Winery , it is the oldest commercial vineyard in New Zealand. Portrait artist William Beetham planted Pinot Noir and Hermitage ( Syrah ) grapes at his Lansdowne, Masterton vineyard in 1881. In 1895,
1968-507: Is now well established; Oz Clarke wrote New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc was "arguably the best in the world", and Mark Oldman wrote "New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc is like a child who inherits the best of both parents—exotic aromas found in ... the New World and the pungency and limy acidity of an Old World Sauvignon Blanc like Sancerre." Wine regions are located mostly in free draining alluvial valleys —Hawke's Bay, Martinborough , Nelson ,
2050-731: Is planted mostly in Marlborough, Hawke's Bay and Gisborne, with the remainder in the South Island. Some of the initial plantings of Pinot Gris were identified later as Flora ; indeed, some Auckland winemakers have incorporated this mishap into their Flora wine names, such as "The Rogue" from Ascension and "The Impostor" from Omaha Bay Vineyards. Other white wine varietals grown in New Zealand include (in descending order of vineyard area) Riesling, Gewürztraminer and Viognier , and less commonly Chenin Blanc , Albariño , Arneis and Sémillon . Riesling
2132-517: Is produced in New Zealand. In 1956, Selaks in Kumeu made the first commercial sparkling wine called Champelle. In 1975, Daniel Le Brun, a Champagne maker, emigrated to New Zealand to begin producing méthode traditionelle in Marlborough. The suitability of the Marlborough terroir and success of the wines produced over the next 20 years were sufficient to attract investment from large Champagne producers, most notably Deutz and Moët & Chandon . Today,
2214-521: Is produced predominantly in Martinborough and the South Island, as is Gewürztraminer, although it is also planted extensively in Gisborne. Chenin Blanc was once more important, but the viticultural peculiarities of the variety, particularly its unpredictable cropping in New Zealand, have led to its disfavour. Nevertheless, good examples exist from Esk Valley, Margrain and Millton Estate. Today, New Zealand
2296-441: Is typically wetter, but wine regions have developed in rain shadows and in the east, on the opposite coast from the prevailing moisture-laden wind. The wine regions of New Zealand tend to experience cool nights even in the hottest of summers. The effect of consistently cool nights is to produce fruit, which is nearly always high in acidity. New Zealand's winemakers employ a variety of production techniques. The traditional concept of
2378-633: The South Pacific Ocean , New Zealand has a largely maritime climate , although its elongated geography produces considerable regional variation from north to south. Like many other New World wines , New Zealand wine is usually produced and labelled as single varietal wines, or if blended, winemakers list the varietal components on the label. New Zealand is best known for its Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc , and more recently its dense, concentrated Pinot Noir from Marlborough, Martinborough and Central Otago . While New Zealand wine traces its history to
2460-650: The Wairau and Awatere valleys of Marlborough , and Canterbury —with the notable exceptions of Waiheke Island , Kawarau Gorge in Central Otago. The alluvial deposits are typically the local sandstone called greywacke , which makes up much of the mountainous spine of New Zealand. Sometimes the alluvial nature of the soil is important, as in Hawke's Bay where the deposits known as the Gimblett Gravels represent such quality characteristics that they are often mentioned on
2542-527: The hapū of Ngāi Toroiwaho and Ngāti Whatuiāpiti . The Tapairu Marae and Te Rangitahi or Te Whaea o te Katoa meeting house are affiliated with the hapū of Ngāti Mārau o Kahungunu . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 887,291 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the two marae and three others, creating 12 jobs. Waipawa School is a Year 1-8 co-educational state primary school. It
Hawke's Bay wine region - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-421: The 1960s saw the end of the New Zealand policy known as the " six o'clock swill ", where pubs and bars were open for only an hour after the working day ended, and closed all day Sunday. The same legislative reform saw the introduction of BYO ("bring your own") licences for restaurants, which had a marked effect on New Zealanders' appreciation and consumption of wine. Finally, the advent of jet airliners in
2706-675: The 1970s, some of these inhibiting factors underwent important changes. In 1973, Britain entered the European Economic Community which required ending the favourable trade terms for New Zealand's meat and dairy exports. This led ultimately to a dramatic restructuring of the agricultural economy, and diversification away from traditional "primary" products—dairy, meat and wool—to products with potentially higher economic returns. Vines, which produce best in low moisture and low soil fertility environments, were seen as suitable for areas that had previously been marginal pasture . The end of
2788-472: The 1980s, wineries in New Zealand, especially in the Marlborough region, were producing outstanding Sauvignon Blanc. It was in 1985 that the Sauvignon Blanc from Cloudy Bay Vineyards finally garnered international attention and critical acclaim for New Zealand wine. Wine writer George Taber recounts Cloudy Bay is "what many people consider to be the world's best Sauvignon Blanc". New Zealand's reputation
2870-712: The Canterbury region has witnessed the development of Pinot Noir as the dominant red variety, particularly in the now dominant Waipara sub-region. Producers include Waipara Hills, Pegasus Bay , Waipara Springs, Muddy Water, Greystone, Omihi Hills and Black Estate. The next region to excel with Pinot Noir was Martinborough, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Wellington in the Wairarapa region. Several vineyards, including Palliser Estate, Martinborough Vineyards, Murdoch James Estate (now Luna Estate) and Ata Rangi consistently produced interesting and increasingly complex wine from Pinot Noir at
2952-661: The French experience of the affinity between the grape type and the chalky soil on the Côte-d'Or . Even the greywacke alluvial soils in the Waipara valley floor have a higher calcium carbonate concentration than the Côte-d'Or, indicated by the milky water that flows in the Waipara River. The Kawarau valley has a thin and patchy topsoil over a bedrock that is schist . Early growers blasted holes into
3034-548: The Gimblett Gravels area), and membership then allows the use of the label designation on any wines sourced (minimum 95%) from these vineyards. There are no other grape growing or winemaking regulations. Notable producers are Te Awa, Villa Maria, Trinity Hill, Newton Forrest Estate, Craggy Range, Esk Valley, Church Road, Sacred Hill, and CJ Pask. Also known as the Ngatarawa Triangle, the Bridge Pa Triangle wine district
3116-782: The Gisborne GI established in October 2017 covers most of the East Cape Gisborne District , most of the 1,191 hectares (2,940 acres) of vineyard area in 2020 is concentrated in a relatively small area around Gisborne city . The fertile Gisborne region originally grew prodigious grape yields throughout the mid-20th Century, which was mostly used to make fortified and cask wines. In the 1980s, a shift away from cask wine for better quality, bottled still wine meant that huge areas of bulk varieties, most notably Müller-Thurgau, were uprooted and replaced with Chardonnay and Gewürztraminer, for which
3198-523: The Hawke's Bay GI, most notably Gimblett Gravels and Bridge Pa Triangle, which have developed reputations for fine red wines. The Gimblett Gravels is an area of approximately 800 hectares (2,000 acres) defined by the extent of a particular local soil stratum known as the Omahu Gravels. It is one of the few geographical indications in the world defined by a soil type rather than the usual geographical, municipal or political boundaries. (N.B. this last part
3280-714: The Hawke's Bay area in the late 19th century. Despite this, it was only established as a geographical indication (GI) in 2018. The GI protects any wine produced within the boundaries of the entire Hawke's Bay Region , but in practice the vineyards are chiefly concentrated in the plains and low hills surrounding the cities of Napier and Hastings . Grape varieties planted in Hawke's Bay by vineyard area in hectares, 2020. Data from New Zealand Winegrowers vineyard report. Red wines made from Merlot blends and Syrah are consistently well reviewed. Varietal white wines from Chardonnay , Sauvignon Blanc , Pinot Gris and Viognier are also produced. There are several sub-regions within
3362-653: The Larose from Stonyridge, the Dreadnought and Ironclad from Man O' War, wines from Destiny Bay, and Goldie Estate. In Marlborough, Hans Herzog Estate is famous for making the Spirit of Marlborough, and examples of Bordeaux blends can be found as far south as Waipara, where the Maestro from Pegasus Bay also demonstrates the shift from Cabernet Sauvignon to Merlot predominant blends. The amount of Cabernet Sauvignon in production has dropped to
Hawke's Bay wine region - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-597: The Le Brun family continues to produce well-awarded méthode sparkling wine, operating as No. 1 Family Estate, after Lion acquired the Daniel Le Brun name. In 2013, several Marlborough producers established Méthode Marlborough, a collaborative organisation to standardise and promote the brand both domestically and internationally. Although the majority of méthode traditionelle sparkling wines in New Zealand are made in Marlborough, there are also examples from throughout
3526-658: The New Zealand Wine Awards in 2019. New Zealand vineyard area by region, 2020. Marlborough accounts for about two thirds of the total vineyard area in New Zealand. Waipawa Waipawa is the second-largest town in Central Hawke's Bay in the east of the North Island of New Zealand . It has a population of 2,540 (June 2024). The town is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northeast of Waipukurau and 46 km (29 mi) southwest of Hastings , on
3608-525: The New Zealand government's Department of Agriculture invited the expert consultant viticulturist and oenologist Romeo Bragato to investigate winemaking possibilities. After tasting Beetham's Hermitage, he concluded that New Zealand and the Wairarapa in particular were "pre-eminently suited to viticulture." His French wife, Marie Zelie Hermance Frere Beetham, supported Beetham in his endeavours. Their partnership and innovation to pursue winemaking helped form
3690-436: The New Zealand industry since the start of the winemaking boom in the 1970s. Indeed, many well-known producers began as contract growers. Many fledgling producers started out using contract fruit while waiting for their own vines to mature enough to produce production-quality fruit. Some producers use contract fruit to supplement the range of varieties they market, even using fruit from other geographical regions. For example, it
3772-463: The Special Reserve from Lindauer. More recently, exports of méthode have been declining, halving in volume between 2005 and 2011, and now making up less than one percent of total New Zealand exports. This is due partly to a rise in popularity and production of sparkling Sauvignon Blanc, a new style of sparkling New Zealand wine. New law came into force in New Zealand in 2017 that established
3854-539: The area in 1981 by Alwyn Corban and Garry Glazebrook, who founded Ngatarawa Wines. Their successes attracted others to the area, and the Bridge Pa Triangle Wine District organisation was eventually incorporated in 2015. Membership allows producers to use the Bridge Pa Triangle logo and branding on the label as long as the wine has a minimum of 85% of the grapes sourced from the area. There are no other grape or wine-production regulations. Notable wineries in
3936-524: The area include Alpha Domus, Sileni Estates, Red Metal and Ash Ridge. Several other producers make single vineyard wines from their plantings in the Bridge Pa Triangle area, most notably the award-winning Syrah from Te Mata Estate's "Bullnose" vineyard. The Te Mata Special Character Zone is an area of hills adjacent to Havelock North and Te Mata Peak . It was first protected by the Hawke's Bay Regional Council in 1996, making it New Zealand's first legally protected wine growing area. The principal producers in
4018-474: The bare rock of north-facing slopes with miners' caps to provide planting holes for the vines. These conditions necessitate irrigation and make the vines work hard for nutrients. Irrigation, low cropping techniques, and the thermal effect of the rock produces great intensity for the grapes and subsequent wine. The wine regions in New Zealand stretch from latitudes 36°S in the north ( Northland ) (comparable in latitude to Jerez, Spain), to 45°S ( Central Otago ) in
4100-465: The basis of modern New Zealand's viticulture practices. Dalmatian immigrants arriving in New Zealand in the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought with them viticultural knowledge and planted vineyards in West and North Auckland. Typically, their vineyards produced table wine and fortified wine to suit the palates of their communities. For the first half of the 20th century, winemaking in New Zealand
4182-433: The classic Bordeaux varieties, mainly Merlot, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc , Malbec , and Petit Verdot . Syrah wines from Hawke's Bay, particularly the Gimblett Gravels and Bridge Pa Triangle sub-regions, as well as farther north from Waiheke Island, have also gained a good reputation internationally. Early success in the Hawke's Bay Region in the 1960s by McWilliams and in the 1980s by Te Mata Estate , led to
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#17328594013914264-427: The climate unusual in the typically maritime conditions in New Zealand, and ideal for growing Pinot Noir. Indeed, recent years have seen Pinot Noir from Central Otago win numerous international awards and accolades, and excite the interest of British wine commentators including Jancis Robinson and Oz Clarke. Not only did the wines have the distinctive acidity and abundant fruit of New Zealand wines, but they demonstrated
4346-466: The comparatively low annual sunshine hours to be found in New Zealand discouraged the planting of red varieties. Despite this, some held great hopes for Pinot Noir. Initial results were mixed because of limited access to good clones, yet the Saint Helena 1984 Pinot Noir was notable enough that the Canterbury region was thought to become the New Zealand home for Pinot Noir. While the early excitement passed,
4428-696: The drier end of the spectrum. New Zealand has long been best known for its Sauvignon Blanc, which dominates its wine industry. In 2017, its vines took up 22,085 hectares (54,570 acres) of vineyard area, a full 60% of New Zealand's total grape planting, and Sauvignon Blanc wine made up 86% of the nation's exports. Many critics regard New Zealand's Sauvignon Blanc as among the best in the world. Historically, Sauvignon Blanc has been used in many French regions in both AOC and Vin de pays wine, and famously Sancerre and Pouilly Fumé . Following Robert Mondavi 's lead in renaming Californian Sauvignon Blanc Fumé Blanc (partially in reference to Pouilly Fumé, but also to denote
4510-422: The early 19th century, the modern wine industry in New Zealand began in the mid-20th century and expanded rapidly in the early 21st century, growing by 17% a year from 2000 to 2020. In 2020, New Zealand produced 329 million litres (87,000,000 US gal) from 39,935 hectares (98,680 acres) of vineyard area, of which 25,160 ha (about two-thirds) is dedicated to Sauvignon Blanc. Nearly 90% of total production
4592-514: The end of the 1980s and into the 1990s. At around this time, the first plantings of Pinot Noir in Central Otago occurred in the Kawarau Gorge. Central Otago had a long (for New Zealand) history as a producer of quality stone fruit, particularly cherries. Significantly further south than all other wine regions in New Zealand, it benefited from being surrounded by mountain ranges which increased both its daily and seasonal temperature variations, making
4674-412: The hotter and drier regions of New Zealand, largely in the Hawke's Bay Region. Wines that typify the best of Hawke's Bay include Elephant Hill's Airavata, Te Mata Estate's Coleraine, Craggy Range's Sophia, Newton Forrest Estate's Cornerstone, Esk Valley's The Terraces and Villa Maria's Reserve Merlot and Cabernet. Waiheke Island, whilst a very small viticultural region, also produces acclaimed red wines like
4756-598: The late 1960s and early 1970s ushered in the OE ("overseas experience") , where young, typically well-educated New Zealanders spent time living and working overseas, often in Europe. The ensuing exposure to wine while abroad subsequently stimulated demand within New Zealand. In 1973, Montana Wines, now Brancott Estate owned by Pernod Ricard , planted Marlborough's first vineyards and produced its first Sauvignon Blanc in 1979, labelled by year of production ( vintage ) and grape variety, in
4838-399: The most northerly wine region in New Zealand, and thus closest to the equator . A Geographical Indication since October 2017, it is also the smallest GI, producing 269 tonnes in 2020 from an area of 71 hectares (180 acres) under vines. Although Chardonnay is the most planted variety, Northland is most well known for ripe Syrah red wines, and white wines from Pinot Gris, which together comprise
4920-441: The norms and standards of the New Zealand dairy industry. There was an existing small-scale industrial infrastructure ready for winemakers to employ economically. While current winemaking technology is almost universally sterile and hygienic worldwide, the natural antibiotic properties of alcohol production were more heavily relied upon in the 1970s when the New Zealand wine industry started. This pervasive use of stainless steel had
5002-573: The northern bank of the Waipawa River , a tributary of the Tukituki River . Waipawa was settled in the early 1860s. It holds the main office of the Central Hawke's Bay District Council, and is New Zealand's oldest inland European settlement. Frederick Abbot was one of the early settlers and Waipawa was originally called Abbotsford, when the township was being sold in 1859, and there is still
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#17328594013915084-454: The particular qualities of a vintage have tended to blur any distinction of terroir. Almost every region is represented among the most highly rated New Zealand Chardonnays, which include wines from Kumeu River Estate (Kumeu), Church Road, Clearview, Sacred Hill, Villa Maria and Te Mata Estate (Hawke's Bay), Ata Rangi (Martinborough), Fromm (Marlborough), Neudorf (Nelson), Millton Estate (Gisborne). Although Chardonnay may be less fashionable than it
5166-531: The previous year. Cooper suggested that this has to do with more Central Otago production becoming available in commercial quantities, than the relative qualities of the regions' Pinot Noir. As is the case for other New Zealand wine, New Zealand Pinot Noir is fruit-driven, forward and early maturing in the bottle. It tends to be quite full bodied (for the variety), very approachable and oak maturation tends to be restrained. High quality examples of New Zealand Pinot Noir are distinguished by savoury, earthy flavours with
5248-517: The region are Te Mata Estate , Craggy Range and Black Barn, but other producers have vineyards in the area, including De La Terre and Trinity Hill. Several vineyards are established in the coastal area around the small town of Te Awanga , 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Hastings. The area has the sunny warm Hawke's Bay climate, moderated by cool coastal breezes at night. Notable producers here are Beach House, Clearview Estate, and Elephant Hill. Growers 50 kilometres (31 mi) further south around
5330-479: The region becoming one of New Zealand's premier wine regions, despite its small size, particularly for Pinot Noir. The growing season from flowering to harvest is amongst the longest in New Zealand. Naturally breezy conditions control vine vigour, creating lower yields of grapes with greater intensity. A genuine cool climate, with a long, dry autumn, provides ideal ripening conditions for Pinot Noir and other varietals, such as Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris and Syrah. Most of
5412-424: The region is well known today. It is also the world's most easterly vine-producing region. Hawke's Bay is New Zealand's oldest and second-largest wine region, and includes the Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa Triangle and Te Mata Special Character Zone sub-regions. It is best known for its Merlot and Syrah red wines, and white wines mainly from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Viognier. The Wairarapa winegrowing region,
5494-558: The rest of New Zealand. Quartz Reef is based in Central Otago, Church Road in Hawke's Bay, and Lindauer (originally established in Gisborne now also owned by Lion ); there are makers as far north as the Auckland regions as well. Exports of New Zealand sparkling wines are chiefly to the United Kingdom, where the best-known examples there are the Pelorus from Cloudy Bay, now owned by LVMH , and
5576-563: The rest of the Wairarapa. In general, the area lies in the rain shadow of the Tararua Range , which gives it a warm climate with relatively low rainfall. Subtle differences are seen in the wines from the South Wairarapa (which includes Martinborough), which has more maritime influences, to those grown farther north in Gladstone and Masterton. By 2020, the Wairarapa had 126 vineyards with
5658-490: The smokiness of the wine produced from flinty soil and oak barrel ageing), there was a trend for oaked Sauvignon Blanc in New Zealand during the late 1980s. Strong oaky overtones dropped out of fashion through the 1990s but have since made a comeback, with several makers now offering oak-aged Sauvignon Blanc—Greywacke, Dog Point, te Pa (Sauvignon Blanc 'Oke'), Sacred Hill (Sauvage), Jackson Estate (Grey Ghost), Hans Herzog (Sur Lie) and Saint Clair (Barrique). New Zealand pioneered
5740-419: The south (comparable in latitude to Bordeaux , France). New Zealand's climate is maritime , meaning that the sea moderates the weather, producing cooler summers and milder winters than would be expected at similar latitudes in Europe and North America. Maritime climates tend to demonstrate higher variability with cold snaps possible at any time of the year and warm periods even in the depth of winter. The climate
5822-506: The style of wine producers in Australia. That year, superior quality wines of Müller-Thurgau , Riesling and Pinotage were also produced. Good Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Auckland and Hawke's Bay bolstered the industry with ever-increasing investment, vineyard plantings, rising land prices and greater local interest and pride. The result of this boom was over-planting, particularly in hybrids and less well regarded but high yield varietals such as Müller-Thurgau. Hoping to address this issue,
5904-598: The sunniest climate in New Zealand, with an annual average sunshine total of over 2400 hours, approximately equivalent to Tuscany . The long autumns permit the production of fine late-harvest wines. There are two sub-regions in Nelson: Waimea and Moutere Valley. Notable wineries from the region include Neudorf Vineyards, awarded Raymond Chan's 2012 Winery of the Year and Seifried Estate Winery , who have won Champion Open White Wine, Champion Sauvignon Blanc and Best Wine - Nelson at
5986-623: The top three planted varieties. Some Northland wineries are also making wine from warmer climate grapes such as Montepulciano, Chambourcin and Pinotage. The combination of high summer temperatures and high rainfall can be challenging for viticulture; although irrigation is not needed, the humidity can encourage some pests and diseases. The fertile soils and Northland climate also results in high vine productivity, requiring good vineyard management to limit yields in order to ensure better quality wines. Consequently, Northland tends to produce ripe wines, with low acidity. The Auckland Geographical Indication
6068-460: The towns of Waipawa and Waipukurau registered their own sub-region geographical indication in 2019, which covers roughly the southern half of the larger Hawke's Bay GI, with the same boundary as the Central Hawke's Bay District local authority. The principal producers are Lime Rock, Junction Wines and Pukeora Estate. New Zealand wine New Zealand wine is produced in several of its distinct winegrowing regions . As an island country in
6150-405: The use of screwtop closures in fine wines because of the frequency of quality issues affecting wines being shipped long distances with cork closures. Chardonnay is produced as far south as Central Otago, but plantings increase moving further north. There is little discernible difference in styles of Chardonnay between the New Zealand wine regions; individual winemakers' recipes, use of oak, and
6232-485: The warmer Auckland regions. Most New Zealand wine producers that produce Pinot Noir or Merlot also produce a rosé style wine, although it is sometimes found made from other red varieties. New Zealand rosé is made to drink immediately rather than age, resulting in the crisp, fresh, fruit-forward flavours popular with the New Zealand public. Well rated examples are from Forrest, Isabel, Ti Point, Whitehaven and Rapaura Springs. Méthode traditionelle sparkling wine
6314-542: The wine label. The Gimblett Gravels is a former riverbed with very stony soils. The effect of the stones is to lower fertility, lower the water table, and act as a heat store that tempers the cool sea breezes that Hawke's Bay experiences. This creates a significantly warmer mesoclimate . Waipara , in Canterbury, represents another soil type. The Omihi Hills , part of the Torlesse group of limestone deposits, are located here. Viticulturists have planted Pinot Noir here because of
6396-640: The wineries are on the Martinborough terrace, a raised alluvial terrace of the nearby Ruamahanga River . Martinborough wineries are relatively small and typically family-owned, with the focus on producing quality rather than quantity. Relatively small yields enable Martinborough winemakers to devote themselves to handcrafting superior wines. Among the many long-established wineries, several, including Martinborough Vineyard, Schubert Wines, Te Kairanga, Ata Rangi, Palliser Estate, Luna Estate, Dry River, Escarpment, Te Hera and Craggy Range have become internationally recognised as premium producers of Pinot Noir. Nelson has
6478-416: Was $ 26,400, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 105 people (6.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 777 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 261 (16.0%) were part-time, and 45 (2.8%) were unemployed. Waipawa has two marae affiliated with the iwi of Ngāti Kahungunu . The Mataweka Marae and Nohomaiterangi meeting house are affiliated with
6560-428: Was 13.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.2% had no religion, 32.5% were Christian , 2.3% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.1% were Buddhist and 2.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 216 (13.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 408 (25.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
6642-411: Was a marginal economic activity. Land use during this period was primarily animal agriculture, and the exports of dairy, meat, and wool dominated the economy. Most New Zealanders were of British descent, and favoured beer and spirits ; the temperance movement further reduced the national appreciation for wine. The Great Depression of the 1930s also hampered the growth of the fledgling industry. By
6724-400: Was ten years ago (it has declined in vineyard area in the last ten years, losing ground to Pinot Gris ), winemakers in 2016 reported strong sales and a recent upswing. It also commands higher prices than any other New Zealand white wine variety. Pinot Gris emerged in the early 2000s from almost nowhere to the country's fourth most planted variety in 2017, having overtaken Riesling in 2007. It
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