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75-564: Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand ( née   Rutnik ; / ˈ k ɪər s t ən ˈ dʒ ɪ l ɪ b r æ n d / KEER -stən JIL -ib-rand ; born December 9, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from New York since 2009. A member of the Democratic Party , she served as member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2009. Born and raised in upstate New York , Gillibrand graduated from Dartmouth College and from

150-590: A Bachelor of Arts degree in 1932 and was a member of the Chi Psi fraternity, Wolf's Head senior society, and Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society. After graduating from college, Corning started an insurance company and soon entered politics. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Albany Co., 1st D.) in 1936 ; and of the New York State Senate (30th D.) from 1937 to 1941, sitting in

225-442: A woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote a man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but

300-538: A bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers and received an "A" rating from the NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF). This fell to an "F" rating during her time in Senate. She expressed personal support for same-sex marriage, but advocated for civil unions for same-sex couples and said same-sex marriage should a state-level issue. After taking office, Gillibrand became

375-516: A combined Schumer–Gillibrand press release said that the two strongly supported a Latino being nominated to the Supreme Court at the time of the next vacancy. Their first choice was Sonia Sotomayor . The two introduced her at Sotomayor's Senate confirmation hearing in July 2009. During the lame duck session of the 111th Congress , Gillibrand scored two substantial legislative victories: the passage of

450-539: A county official. Corning was re-elected in landslides for most of his career. The most notable exception was 1973 when a prominent businessman and reform candidate, Carl Touhey, ran a well-financed Republican campaign and came within 3,500 votes of defeating him. In 1977, Corning faced a primary election challenge from State Senator Howard C. Nolan Jr. , defeating him by a comfortable margin. Corning's last mayoral re-election came in 1981, when he defeated Charles Touhey (the son of 1973 mayoral candidate Carl Touhey) by

525-476: A criminal investigation into whether they had committed perjury in their testimony before Congress when they claimed that they had no knowledge of a connection between tobacco smoking and cancer. Gillibrand worked closely on the case and became a key part of the defense team. As part of her work, she traveled to the company's laboratory in Germany, where she interviewed scientists about the company's alleged research into

600-513: A federal salary, and to limit himself to three terms in office. Campaign expenditures were the second highest in the nation for a House race. Democrats generally saw major successes during the 2008 congressional elections, credited in part to a coattail effect from Barack Obama's presidential campaign . Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was again an issue. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $ 18,200 from Philip Morris employees for her 2008 campaign, putting her among

675-462: A former Congressman from Tennessee , considered a run but decided against it in March 2009. Concerned about a possible schism in the party that could lead to a heated primary, split electorate, and weakened stance, high-ranking members of the party backed Gillibrand and requested major opponents not to run. In the end, Gillibrand faced Gail Goode, a lawyer from New York City, and won the primary with 76% of

750-528: A lobbyist. Her parents divorced in the late 1980s. Douglas Rutnik is an associate of former U.S. Senator Al D'Amato . Gillibrand has an older brother and a younger sister. Her maternal grandparents were businessman Peter Noonan and Dorothea "Polly" Noonan, a founder of the Albany Democratic Women's Club and a leader of the city's Democratic political machine . Gillibrand has English , Austrian , Scottish , German , and Irish ancestry. Polly Noonan

825-564: A margin no greater than 10%. Gillibrand's special election victory gave her the right to serve the rest of Clinton's second term, which ended in January 2013. Gillibrand ran for a full six-year term in November 2012. In the general election, she faced Wendy E. Long , an attorney running on both the Republican Party and Conservative Party lines. Gillibrand was endorsed by The New York Times and

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900-602: A member of Congress and prominent judge. Corning's father, Edwin Corning , was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1927 to 1928. His uncle, Parker Corning , served as a member of the United States House of Representatives . His brother, Edwin Corning Jr. , served as a member of the New York State Assembly . Corning was educated at The Albany Academy , Groton School , and Yale University (class of 1932). The Corning family

975-409: A person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote

1050-563: A press conference to announce Gillibrand as his choice. The response to the appointment in New York was mixed. Upstate New York media was generally optimistic about the appointment of an upstate senator, as none had been elected since Charles Goodell left office in 1971. Many downstaters were disappointed with the selection, with some media outlets stating that Paterson had ignored the electoral influence of New York City and downstate on state politics. One questioned whether Paterson's administration

1125-415: A two-month search to fill her Senate seat. Under New York law, the governor appoints a replacement. A special election would then be held in November 2010 for the remainder of her term, which ended in January 2013. Governor David Paterson 's selection process began with a number of prominent names and high-profile New York Democrats, including Andrew Cuomo , Fran Drescher and Caroline Kennedy , vying for

1200-710: A two-to-one margin. During his final term in office, his health deteriorated. He died in office in 1983. In 1932, Corning married Elizabeth Norris Platt (1912–1993). They were the parents of two children, Erastus Corning III and Bettina Corning Dudley. Corning's extended family was prominent in Albany-area business in politics for several generations. In addition to his father Edwin, who served as lieutenant governor, Corning's family included: Erastus Corning (great-grandfather); Amasa J. Parker (great-grandfather); Parker Corning (uncle); and Edwin Corning Jr. (brother). Dorothea "Polly" Noonan—a onetime secretary to Corning,

1275-619: A vice chairwoman of the Democratic State Committee, and a longtime president of the Albany Democratic Women's Club—was Corning's "closest confidante". According to author Paul Grondahl, the lives of Corning and Noonan were "'inextricably linked through politics and personal devotion'". Author William Kennedy recalled in his book “O Albany!” that at Corning's funeral, members of the media were asked not to "'focus undue attention'" on Noonan. According to The New York Times , Corning, "in effect, disinherited his wife and children. He left

1350-409: Is distinguished by "her determination and knowledge and willingness to sit down one on one with senators and explain what she is up to". Her fund-raising ability—almost $ 30 million from 2009 through 2013—helped her become a mentor to female candidates nationwide during that period. In 2014, Gillibrand was included in the annual Time 100 , Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in

1425-417: Is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition , the term z domu (literally meaning "of

1500-449: The Democrat and Chronicle . She won the election with 72.2% of the vote; in so doing, she surpassed Schumer's 71.2% victory in 2004 and achieved the largest victory margin for a statewide candidate in New York history. She carried all counties except for two in western New York. Gillibrand was reelected to a second term in the Senate, defeating Republican Chele Chiavacci Farley with 67% of

1575-552: The 160th , 161st , 162nd and 163rd New York State Legislatures . He resigned his seat on August 1, 1941, to seek the Democratic nomination for Mayor of Albany. Corning won the first of his 11 terms as mayor in November 1941, easily defeating the Republican candidate, Benjamin R. Hoff, by nearly 46,000 votes. Corning took office on January 1, 1942. Shortly after his first term began, the newly elected Governor Thomas E. Dewey had

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1650-673: The 38th Infantry Regiment , a unit of the 2nd Infantry Division , he arrived in France with his unit in October, 1944. In France, Corning was initially attached to an organization that performed rebuilding duties in towns and villages that had been liberated from German occupation. During late 1944 and early 1945, he took part in the Battle of the Bulge and the Western Allied invasion of Germany and attained

1725-582: The Blue Dog Coalition , a group of moderate to conservative Democrats. She was noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 , citing concerns regarding insufficient oversight and excessive earmarks . She opposed a 2007 state-level proposal to issue driver's licenses to illegal immigrants and voted for legislation that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities . Gillibrand also voted for

1800-591: The Democratic nomination for president of the United States in 2020 , officially announcing her candidacy on March 17, 2019. After failing to qualify for the third debate , she withdrew from the race on August 28, 2019. Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik was born on December 9, 1966, in Albany, New York , the daughter of Polly Edwina (Noonan) and Douglas Paul Rutnik. Both her parents are attorneys, and her father has also worked as

1875-611: The Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and the passage of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act . Both were issues she had advocated for during that session. In the aftermath of these victories, Gillibrand gained a more prominent national profile. In March 2011, Gillibrand co-sponsored the PROTECT IP Act , which would restrict access to websites judged to be infringing copyrights, but ultimately announced she would not support

1950-447: The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 . After Clinton was appointed U.S. Secretary of State in 2009, Governor David Paterson selected Gillibrand to fill the Senate seat Clinton had vacated, making her New York's second female senator. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to keep the seat, and was reelected to full terms in 2012 , 2018 , and 2024 . During her Senate tenure, Gillibrand's policy platform has shifted to

2025-402: The Republican organization led by William Barnes Jr. in the early 1920s. The O'Connell machine proved so durable that it still largely controlled Albany County until the early 1980s, one of the last such organizations to remain viable. Corning entered politics at an early age as an affiliate of the O'Connell organization, winning a seat in the New York State Assembly in 1935. After serving in

2100-452: The UCLA School of Law . After holding positions in government and private practice and working on Hillary Clinton 's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign , Gillibrand was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2006. She represented New York's 20th congressional district and was reelected in 2008. During her House tenure, Gillibrand was a Blue Dog Democrat noted for voting against

2175-577: The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Albany. Gillibrand's tenure at Davis Polk included serving as a defense attorney for tobacco company Philip Morris during major litigation , including both civil lawsuits and U.S. Justice Department criminal and civil racketeering and perjury probes. As a junior associate in the mid-1990s, she defended the company's executives against

2250-531: The surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of

2325-540: The "Israel Anti-Boycott Act". This legislation would have criminalized any political boycott intended to protest actions by the Israeli government, with a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) denounced S.720, claiming its provisions seeking to "punish U.S. persons based solely on their expressed political beliefs" are "inconsistent" with First Amendment constitutional protections. In July 2017, Gillibrand stated that she no longer supported

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2400-577: The Assembly during the 1936 legislative session, Corning won election to the New York State Senate , where he served from 1937 to 1941. Corning was elected mayor in 1941. He continued to win election every four years until 1981, and served from 1941 until his death in 1983. Corning was drafted for World War II and served in the United States Army 's 2nd Infantry Division during combat in Europe. In 1946, he

2475-462: The House, Gillibrand has moved her political positions and ideology toward a liberal , progressive position since her appointment to the Senate. In both cases, her views were significantly defined by the respective constituencies she served—a conservative congressional district versus the generally liberal state of New York, especially as defined by New York City. For example, although she had been quiet on

2550-718: The Noonan family his insurance business". During her childhood and college years, Gillibrand used the nickname "Tina"; she began using her birth name a few years after law school. In 1984, she graduated from Emma Willard School , an all-women's private school in Troy, New York , and then enrolled at Dartmouth College . Gillibrand majored in Asian Studies , studying in both Beijing and Taiwan . In Beijing, she studied and lived with actress Connie Britton at Beijing Normal University . Gillibrand graduated magna cum laude in 1988. At Dartmouth, she

2625-505: The Noonan family his insurance business, which generously sold policies to anyone who wanted to do business with the government". Corning referred to himself as "Erastus Corning 2nd", preferring it to "Erastus Corning II" or "Erastus Corning Jr." On May 28, 1983, following a year-long illness, Corning died of cardio-pulmonary failure at University Hospital in Boston . He is interred at Albany Rural Cemetery . The Erastus Corning Tower ,

2700-545: The Republican nomination, Sweeney was endorsed by the Conservative and Independence parties. During the campaign, Gillibrand got support from other Democratic Party politicians. Mike McNulty , a Democratic Congressman from the neighboring 21st congressional district , campaigned for her, as did both Hillary and Bill Clinton ; the former president appeared twice at campaign events. Both parties poured millions of dollars into

2775-629: The Senate was announced, Gillibrand reportedly contacted the Empire State Pride Agenda, an LGBT lobbying organization in New York, to express her full support for same-sex marriage, the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy regarding gay and lesbian servicemembers, and the passage of legislation banning discrimination against transgender persons. She had supported civil unions for same-sex couples and argued that

2850-467: The U.S. military's " Don't Ask, Don't Tell " policy when she was in the House, during her first 18 months in the Senate, Gillibrand was an important part of the successful campaign to repeal it. Gillibrand made national headlines in February 2009 for stating that she and her husband kept two guns under their bed. Her staff later indicated that Gillibrand no longer stored guns under her bed. On April 9, 2009,

2925-558: The bill as-is due to wide critical public response. In 2012, Gillibrand authored a portion of the STOCK Act , which extended limitations on insider trading by members of Congress. A version of the bill, merged by Senator Joe Lieberman with content from another bill authored by Senator Scott Brown , was passed by Congress and signed into law by Obama in April. In 2013, Gillibrand proposed legislation that would remove sexual assault cases from

3000-402: The bill in its then-current form, adding that she would advocate for changes to it. She said the bill did not "have any relevance to individuals at all" and insisted she planned to "urge them to rewrite it to make sure it says...'This is only applying to companies.'" Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to

3075-581: The connection. The inquiry was dropped and it was during this time that she became a senior associate. While working at Davis Polk, Gillibrand became involved in—and later the leader of—the Women's Leadership Forum, a program of the Democratic National Committee . Gillibrand has said that a speech to the group by Hillary Clinton inspired her: "[Clinton] was trying to encourage us to become more active in politics and she said, 'If you leave all

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3150-455: The decision-making to others, you might not like what they do, and you will have no one but yourself to blame.' It was such a challenge to the women in the room. And it really hit me: She's talking to me." In 2001, Gillibrand became a partner in the Manhattan office of Boies, Schiller & Flexner . In 2002 she informed Boies of her interest in running for office and was permitted to transfer to

3225-453: The district and its electoral offices had been in Republican hands for all but four years since 1913, and as of November 2006, 197,473 voters in the district were registered Republicans and 82,737 were registered Democrats. Sweeney said in 2006 that "no Republican can ever lose [the district]". Using New York's electoral fusion election laws, Gillibrand ran in 2006 on both the Democratic and Working Families lines; in addition to having

3300-482: The election, with Clinton becoming something of a mentor to her. Gillibrand donated more than $ 12,000 to Clinton's Senate campaigns. Gillibrand considered running for office in 2004, in New York's 20th congressional district , against the three-term Republican incumbent John E. Sweeney . But Hillary Clinton believed circumstances would be more favorable in 2006 and advised her to wait until then. Traditionally conservative,

3375-462: The firm's Albany office. She left Boies in 2005 to begin her 2006 campaign for Congress. Gillibrand has said her work at private law firms allowed her to take on pro bono cases defending abused women and their children and tenants seeking safe housing after lead paint and unsafe conditions were found in their homes. After her time at Davis Polk, she served as Special Counsel to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Andrew Cuomo during

3450-432: The first member of Congress to publish her official schedule, listing everyone she met with on a given day. She also published earmark requests she received and her personal financial statement. This "Sunlight Report", as her office termed it, was praised by in a December 2006 New York Times editorial as a "quiet touch of revolution" in a non-transparent system. Of the earmarking process, Gillibrand said she wanted whatever

3525-565: The house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Erastus Corning 2nd Corning hailed from a prominent Albany family. His great-grandfather, Erastus Corning , was an industrialist who founded the New York Central Railroad and served in Congress and as Albany's mayor from 1834 to 1837. Another great-grandfather, Amasa J. Parker , was

3600-596: The last year of the Clinton administration . Gillibrand worked on HUD's Labor Initiative and its New Markets Initiative, on TAP's Young Leaders of the American Democracy, and on strengthening Davis–Bacon Act enforcement. In 1999, Gillibrand began working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign , focusing on campaigning to young women and encouraging them to join the effort. Many of those women later worked on Gillibrand's campaigns. She and Clinton became close during

3675-411: The left. She has been outspoken on sexual assault in the military and sexual harassment , having criticized President Bill Clinton , Senator Al Franken , and Governor Andrew Cuomo (all fellow Democrats) for alleged sexual misconduct. She supports paid family leave , a federal jobs guarantee , and the abolition and replacement of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement . Gillibrand ran for

3750-613: The military chain of command; the bill was cosponsored by Senators Rand Paul and Ted Cruz . Gillibrand's bill failed to gain enough votes to break a filibuster in March 2014, but her efforts likely improved her standing as a lawmaker in the Senate. In December 2013, Gillibrand introduced the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, which would have provided paid family leave. By 2013, Gillibrand had "skillfully aligned herself with causes with visible, moving human characters who have helped amplified her policy goals". For example, in campaigning for

3825-445: The police report was false and promised to have the official report released by state police , but did not do so. The Sweeney campaign did release an ad in which Sweeney's wife called Gillibrand's campaign "a disgrace". Several months later, Sweeney's wife said her "disgrace" statement was coerced, and that her husband was physically abusive. By November 5, a Siena poll showed Gillibrand ahead of Sweeney 46% to 43%. She won with 53% of

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3900-610: The powerful Albany Democratic political machine , run by "Boss" Daniel P. O'Connell , investigated. The investigations proved largely unsuccessful and left Corning and O'Connell unscathed. This political machine proved to be one of the most durable in American history, even outlasting the Daley family machine in Chicago . After having been previously classified as ineligible for military service during World War II , in 1944, Corning's draft status

3975-621: The rank of private first class . In the fall of 1945, Corning was discharged and returned to Albany. His awards included the Combat Infantryman Badge , Bronze Star Medal , European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with two battle stars , World War II Victory Medal , Army Good Conduct Medal , and the Presidential Unit Citation , which was awarded to Corning's battalion. At the New York state election, 1946 , Corning ran for Lieutenant Governor of New York on

4050-511: The repeal of the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, she established a website with videos of gay and lesbian veterans telling their personal stories. She has been less deferential to Senate seniority protocols and more uncompromising in her positions—such as combating sexual assault in the military—than most freshman senators, which has sometimes caused friction with her Democratic colleagues. Senator Charles Grassley has contrasted her approach with other New Yorkers of both parties, saying she

4125-498: The respective campaigns. Many saw Gillibrand as moderate or conservative. Michael Brendan Dougherty in The American Conservative wrote after her victory, "Gillibrand won her upstate New York district by running to the right: she campaigned against amnesty for illegal immigrants, promised to restore fiscal responsibility to Washington, and pledged to protect gun rights." Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris

4200-413: The same-sex marriage issue should be left to states. Paterson's office had advised her to reach out to Empire State Pride. Gillibrand was sworn in on January 26, 2009; at 42, she entered the chamber as the youngest senator in the 111th Congress . In February, she endorsed Scott Murphy , whom New York Democrats chose as their nominee for her former seat in the House of Representatives. In April, Murphy won

4275-466: The seat against Republican Jim Tedisco by 399 votes and succeeded Gillibrand in the House until 2011. Gillibrand had numerous potential challengers in the September 14, 2010, Democratic primary election . Some were obvious at the time of her appointment. Most notably, Representative Carolyn McCarthy was unhappy with Gillibrand's stance on gun control, but McCarthy decided not to run. Harold Ford, Jr. ,

4350-412: The spot. Gillibrand quietly campaigned for the position, meeting secretly with Paterson on at least one occasion. She said that she made an effort to underscore her successful House elections in a largely conservative district, adding that she could be a good complement to Chuck Schumer . Gillibrand was presumed a likely choice in the days before the official announcement. On January 23, 2009, Paterson held

4425-625: The tallest building in Albany and the tallest in the state outside New York City , is named for him, as is the Corning Riverfront Park, a nature trail and fishing site on the western banks of the Hudson River in Albany. The tower is part of the Empire State Plaza , a 98-acre (400,000 m ), 11-building state government office and cultural complex. Some believe that the building was named after Corning because it has 42 floors (which

4500-402: The ticket with James M. Mead for governor, but they were defeated by the incumbent Republicans Dewey and Joe R. Hanley . Corning served ten full consecutive terms as mayor after his return from the war. His insurance firm profited from being the sole bidder on Albany County insurance contracts for many years. Corning defended this apparent conflict of interest by noting that he himself was not

4575-531: The top dozen Democrats in such contributions. Questioned during the campaign about her work on behalf of Philip Morris, Gillibrand said that she had voted in favor of all three anti-tobacco bills in that session of Congress. She said that she never hid her work for Philip Morris, and added that as an associate at her law firm, she had had no control over which clients she worked for. Davis Polk allowed associates to withdraw from representing clients about whom they had moral qualms. Upon taking office, Gillibrand joined

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4650-663: The vote. After Gillibrand's win, Republicans quickly began speculating about possible 2008 candidates. Len Cutler, director of the Center for the Study of Government and Politics at Siena College, said that the seat would be difficult for Gillibrand to hold in 2008, with Republicans substantially outnumbering Democrats in the district. Gillibrand was reelected in 2008 over former New York Secretary of State Sandy Treadwell , 62% to 38%. Treadwell lost despite significantly outspending Gillibrand and promising never to vote to raise taxes, not to accept

4725-416: The vote. Despite what was expected to be a heated race, Gillibrand easily prevailed against former Republican congressman Joseph DioGuardi in her first statewide election. By the end of October, a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showed Gillibrand leading 57%-34%. Gillibrand won the November election 63%–35%, carrying 54 of New York's 62 counties; the counties that supported DioGuardi did so by

4800-465: The vote. During a campaign debate, she pledged that she would serve out a full six-year term if reelected. She was endorsed by the progressive groups Indivisible and Working Families . Gillibrand is seeking a third Senate term. She faces Republican nominee Mike Sapraicone, an ex-NYPD detective and businessman. A member of the Democratic Party's relatively conservative Blue Dog faction while in

4875-675: The world. In 2015, Gillibrand invited campus activist Emma Sulkowicz to attend the State of the Union Address . Her invitation was intended to promote the Campus Accountability and Safety Act , a bill Gillibrand co-sponsored. Gillibrand once supported legislation that would criminalize "boycotts" by individuals or groups seeking to express a disapproval of the actions taken by the government of Israel. Gillibrand's advocacy against protests and "boycotts" included her co-sponsoring S.720, coined

4950-711: Was a longtime confidante of Erastus Corning 2nd , the longtime mayor of Albany, New York . In Off the Sidelines , her 2014 memoir, Gillibrand said that Corning "was simply part of our family... He appeared at every family birthday party with the most fantastic present". Gillibrand wrote that she did not know that the ambiguous relationship between her married grandmother and the married Corning "was strange" until she grew up, adding that Corning "may have been in love with my grandmother", but that he also loved her grandmother's entire family. According to The New York Times , Corning, "in effect, disinherited his wife and children" and "left

5025-537: Was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority. During college, Gillibrand interned at Senator Al D'Amato 's Albany office. She received her J.D. from UCLA School of Law and passed the bar exam in 1991. [REDACTED] In 1991, Gillibrand joined the Manhattan -based law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell as an associate. In 1992, she took a leave from Davis Polk to serve as a law clerk to Judge Roger Miner of

5100-413: Was an issue during the campaign. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $ 23,200 in contributions from the company's employees during her 2006 campaign. The probable turning point in the election was the November 1 release of a December 2005 police report detailing a 9-1-1 call by Sweeney's wife, in which she claimed Sweeney was "knocking her around the house". The Sweeney campaign claimed

5175-414: Was aware of "[where] statewide elections are won and lost". Gillibrand was relatively unknown statewide, and many voters found the choice surprising. One source stated, "With every Democrat in New York ... angling for the appointment, there was a sense of bafflement, belittlement, and bruised egos when Paterson tapped the junior legislator unknown outside of Albany." Shortly before her appointment to

5250-559: Was best for her district and would require every project to pass a "greatest-need, greatest-good" test. In the House of Representatives, Gillibrand served on the following committees: On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his choice of Hillary Clinton, the junior U.S. senator from New York, as Secretary of State . Clinton was confirmed by a vote of 94–2 on January 21, 2009. Just hours before being sworn in as Secretary of State, Clinton resigned her Senate seat, effective immediately. Obama's December announcement began

5325-541: Was born to American parents in Cawnpore , India , where her father Allan was serving as a missionary. After the 1890 death of Allan Maxwell, her mother Ellen became a successful novelist and married U.S. Navy admiral Albert S. Barker . Corning's father was from an Albany-area family prominent in business and politics. Corning was educated at The Albany Academy and Groton School . In 1928, he began attendance at Yale University . Corning graduated magna cum laude with

5400-409: Was changed and he was found eligible. Opting not to apply for an officer's commission or specialty training in a field such as civil affairs , he joined the United States Army as a private . During his absence, Frank Harris, a member of the city council, served as acting mayor. Corning underwent training as an Infantryman at Fort Dix , New Jersey , and Camp Blanding , Florida . Assigned to

5475-496: Was involved in several Albany-area businesses, and Corning started an insurance agency after his college graduation. While he served as mayor, his agency did not do business with the city of Albany, but did do business with Albany County, which Corning argued presented no conflict of interest, since he was not a county official. Corning's father was one of the leaders of the Democratic Party organization formed by Daniel P. O'Connell , which wrested control of Albany city and county from

5550-491: Was moved to University Hospital in Boston , where he died on May 28. Corning was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York . At over 41 years, Corning's tenure makes him Albany's longest-serving mayor, as well as the longest-tenured mayor ever of any large city in the United States. Erastus Corning 2nd was born in Albany, New York on October 7, 1909, the son of Louise Maxwell and Edwin Corning . Corning's mother

5625-427: Was the Democratic Party's unsuccessful nominee for lieutenant governor. In the 1970s, Corning teamed with Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller to finance construction of the Empire State Plaza , a large state government office complex near Albany's downtown area. The plaza's tallest building, Erastus Corning Tower , was named in Corning's honor. In the early 1980s, Corning's health began to deteriorate. In January 1983, he

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