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45-538: Ghilamara is a small town situated in the far east of Lakhimpur district in Assam . Situated in border of Lakhimpur and Dheamji districts; Ghilamara is a beautiful, serene, peaceful, small town in the district of Lakhimpur, Assam, India. Dhemaji is on the east, Gogamukh is on the north, Brahmaputra is on the south and the Subansiri River is on the west of Ghilamara. As the place is situated in bank of Arunachal hill,

90-474: A grant by his son Satyanarayana who nevertheless draws his royal lineage from Asuras in his mother's side who were "enemies of the gods". The mention of Satyanarayana as having the shape of his maternal uncle (which is also an indirect reference to the same Asura/Daitya lineage) may also constitute evidence of matrilineality of the Chutia ruling family, or that their system was not exclusively patrilineal . On

135-541: A paddy field which was named thereafter as Ghilamara field - which means Field where Ghila was killed . 1. Veterinary hospital= 1 1. No.s of tube-well= 2763 2. No.s of well=65 1. Total surface road= 26 km 2. total un-surface road=65 km 1. Nationalized bank (1) United Bank of India (UBI) 2. Gramin Bank (1) Assam Gramin Vikash Bank The local economy is yet in quite backward state. The major occupation

180-434: A precariously small territory and population, which may indicate this absence of serious interaction with the old settled people of the neighborhood until the 14th century. At its largest extent, the Chutia influence might have extended up to Viswanath in the present Darrang district of Assam, though the main control was confined to the river valleys of Subansiri , Brahmaputra , Lohit and Dihing and hardly extended to

225-555: Is agriculture. Road networks: people says, "it's better than before". Once famous bird sanctuary "Bordoibam Pakshi Uddyan" is now in very pitiful shape due to lack of attention from authorities. There is an industrial training institute) building constructed in the center point of Ghilamara which is yet to start. The locales of Ghilamara have been advanced in the area of education, despite being economically backward. A good number of institutions are there starting from primary education to higher education. North Bank college had been one of

270-565: The Subansiri river as well as the ruins between Dhal and Ghagar rivers (near present-day North Lakhimpur town) shows the evidence of the settlement. The Burmese , who had ruined the native kingdoms, at the end of the 18th century, was in 1826 expelled by the British under the Treaty of Yandabo . They placed the southern part of the state, together with Sivasagar under the rule of Purandar Singha ; but it

315-508: The 13th and the 16th century. Among these, the Chutia state was the most advanced, with its rural industries, trade, surplus economy and advanced Sanskritisation . It is not exactly known as to the system of agriculture adopted by the Chutias, but it is believed that they were settled cultivators. After the Ahoms annexed the kingdom in 1523, the Chutia state & its population was absorbed into

360-482: The 2011 census, 57.8% of the population spoke Assamese , 17.64% Mishing , 12.96% Bengali , 2.46% Sadri , 2.35% Nepali , 1.21% Deori and 1.17% Hindi as their first language. There are four Assam Legislative Assembly constituencies in this district: Bihpuria, Naoboicha, Lakhimpur, and Dhakuakhana . Dhakuakhana is designated for Scheduled Tribes . Bihpuria is in the Tezpur Lok Sabha constituency , whilst

405-452: The Ahom kingdom through Ahomisation — the nobility and the professional classes were given important positions in the Ahom officialdom and the land was resettled for wet rice cultivation. Though there is no doubt on the Chutia polity, the origins of this kingdom are obscure. It is generally held that the Chutias established a state around Sadiya and contiguous areas —though it is believed that

450-634: The Bhuyans hotly pursued the retreating Chutia king who sued for peace. The peace overtures failed and the king finally fell to Ahom forces, bringing an end to the Chutia kingdom. Though some late spurious manuscripts mention the fallen king as Nitipal (or Chandranarayan) the extant records from the Buranjis such as the Ahom Buranji and the Deodhai Ahom Buranji do not mention him; rather they mention that

495-462: The Chutia territory. In 1520 the Chutias attacked the Ahom fort Mungkhrang twice and in the second killed the commander and occupied it, but the Ahoms, led by Phrasengmung and King-lung attacked it by land and water and recovered it soon and erected an offensive fort on the banks of the Dibru River. In 1523 the Chutia king attacked the fort at Dibru but was routed. The Ahom king with the assistance of

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540-1382: The East by Dhemaji District . Majuli , the largest river-island district is on the South and Biswanath District is on the West. The Brahmaputra is navigable for steamers in all seasons as far as Dibrugarh , in the rainy season as far as Sadiya ; its navigable tributaries within the district are the Subansiri River , Ranganadi, and Dikrong River . The exact location of the district is 26.48’ and 27.53’ Northern latitude and 93.42’ and 94.20' East longitude (approx.). The district has three sub divisions -- Dhakuakhana , Narayanpur-Bihpuria and North Lakhimpur (sadar). Lakhimpur district has eight Police stations. viz. North Lakhimpur, Boginadi, Panigaon , Dhakuakhana , Ghilamara , Narayanpur, Laluk and Bihpuria . Forests are mainly tropical rain forest. Important reserved forests includes Ranga Reserve, Kakoi Reserve, Dulung Reserve and Pabho Reserve. Some varieties are Hollokh ( Terminalia myriocarpa ), Ajhar ( Lagerstroemia speciosa ), Simolu ( Bombax ceiba or Salmalia malabarica ), Sum ( Machilus ), Gomari ( Gmelina arborea ), Sisu ( Dalbergia sissoo ), Silikha ( Terminalia chebula ), Neem ( Azadirachta indica ), Nahar ( Mesua ferrea ) etc. Wild elephants, buffaloes, tigers, deer etc. are there in

585-566: The admixture of the Chutia and Ahom populations. A sizeable section of the population was also displaced from their former lands and dispersed in other parts of Upper Assam. After annexing the Chutia kingdom, offices of the Ahom kingdom, Thao-mung Mung-teu (Bhatialia Gohain) with headquarters at Habung ( Lakhimpur ), Thao-mung Ban-lung (Banlungia Gohain) at Banlung ( Dhemaji ), Thao-mung Mung-klang (Dihingia gohain) at Dihing ( Dibrugarh , Majuli and northern Sibsagar ), Chaolung Shulung at Tiphao (northern Dibrugarh ) were created to administer

630-606: The annals of Assam as the region where tribes from the east first reached the Brahmaputra . The most prominent of them was the Chutiya rulers who held the areas of the present district for long, until the outbreak of the Ahom-Chutiya conflict in the 16th century and eventually the area came under the rule of the Ahom dynasty . The Ahoms created a new position called Bhatialia Gohain to control

675-416: The capital area ruled by the Chutia rulers became the administrative domain of the office of Sadia Khowa Gohain of the Ahom kingdom. The Chutia kingdom came into prominence in the second half of the 14th century, and it was one among several rudimentary states ( Ahom , Dimasa , Koch , Jaintia etc.) that emerged from tribal political formations in the region after the fall of Kamarupa kingdom , between

720-410: The decade 2001-2011 was 17.06%. Lakhimpur has a sex ratio of 965 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.39%. 8.77% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 7.85% and 23.93% of the population respectively. Hindus are 76.49%, Muslims are 18.57% and Christians are 4.43% of the population. Languages of Lakhimpur district (2011) At the time of

765-638: The donor-ruler named Dharmanarayan, mentioned as the son of Satyanarayana in the Bormurtiya grant with the Dharmanarayan, the father of the donor-ruler Durlabhnarayana of the Chepakhowa grant. This effectively results in identifying Satyanarayana with Ratnanarayana. A late discovery of an inscription, published in a 2002 souvenir of the All Assam Chutiya Sanmilan seems to genealogically connect

810-481: The early 19th century—to legitimize the Matak rajya around 1805—or after the end of Ahom rule in 1826. This document relates the legend of Birpal. Yet another Assamese document, retrieved by Ney Elias from Burmese sources, relates an alternative legend of Asambhinna. These different legends suggest that the genealogical claims of the Chutias have changed over time and that these are efforts to construct (and reconstruct)

855-619: The forests. Varieties of bird species are observed in swampy areas. The great Subansiri River has legends of once famous gold washing. But as of now, there is no any major exploration of minerals in the district, except some minor exploration for petroleum by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) near Dhakuakhana . 27°13′48″N 94°06′00″E  /  27.23000°N 94.10000°E  / 27.23000; 94.10000 Chutiya kingdom The Chutia kingdom (also Sadiya or Chutiya ) (Pron: / ˈ s ʊ ð iː j ɑː / or Sutia )

900-453: The founder of the Ahom kingdom , was searching for a place to settle in Upper Assam, he and his followers did not encounter any resistance from the Chutia state, implying that the Chutia state must have been of little significance till at least the mid 14th century, when the Ahom chronicles mention them for the first time. However, it is also known that the Ahoms themselves were a people with

945-503: The hills even at its zenith. The earliest mention of a Chutia king is found in the Buranjis that describe a friendly contact during the reign of Sutuphaa (1369–1379), in which the Ahom king was killed. To avenge the death the next Ahom ruler Tyaokhamti (1380–1387) led an expedition against the Chutiya kingdom but returned with no success. During the same era (late 14th century) Gadadhara,

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990-450: The king (Dhirnarayan) and the prince (Sadhaknarayan) were killed. As a reward for the assistance, the Ahom king settled this Bhuyans in Kalabari , Gohpur , Kalangpur and Narayanpur as tributary feudal lords. The Ahom kingdom took complete possession of the royal insignia and other assets of the erstwhile kingdom. The rest of the royal family was dispersed, the nobles were disbanded and

1035-474: The kingdom is also called Sadiya . The Buranjis written in the Ahom language called the kingdom Tiora (literal meaning: Burha Tai/Elder Tai ) whereas those written in the Assamese language called it Chutia . Brahmanical influence in the form of Vaishnavism reached the Chutia polity in the eastern extremity of present-day Assam during the late fourteenth century. Vaishnava Brahmins created lineages for

1080-451: The kingdom was established in the 13th century before the advent of the Ahoms in 1228, and Buranjis , the Ahom chronicles, indicate the presence of a Chutia state the evidence is scarce that it was of any significance before the second half of the 14th century. The earliest Chutia king in the epigraphic records is Nandin or Nandisvara, from the latter half of the 14th century, mentioned in

1125-493: The last historically known king, Dhirnarayan with Neog's list above. Though it is accepted that the rule of the Chutia rulers ended in 1523, different sources give different accounts. The extant Ahom Buranji and the Deodhai Asam Buranji mention that in the final battles and the aftermath both the king (Dhirnarayan) and the heir-apparent (Sadhaknarayan) were killed; whereas Ahom Buranji-Harakanta Barua mentions that

1170-449: The line of Viyutsva . Unfortunately, there are many manuscript accounts of the origin and lineage that do not agree with each other or with the epigraphic records and therefore have no historical moorings. One such source is Chutiyar Rajar Vamsavali, first published in Orunodoi in 1850 and reprinted in Deodhai Asam Buranji . Historians consider this document to have been composed in

1215-450: The newly acquired regions. The Chutias may have been the first people in Assam to use firearms. When the Ahoms annexed Sadiya, they recovered hand-cannons called Hiloi as well as large cannons called Bor-top , Mithahulang being one of them. As per Maniram Dewan, the Ahom king Suhungmung received around three thousand blacksmiths after defeating the Chutias. These people were settled in

1260-455: The other hand, a later king Durlabhnarayana mentions that his grandfather Ratnanarayana (identified with Satyanarayana) was the king of Kamatapura which might indicate that the eastern region of Sadhaya was politically connected to the western region of Kamata . In these early inscriptions, the kings are said to be seated in Sadhyapuri, identified with the present-day Sadiya ; which is why

1305-520: The other three are in the Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency . The economy of Lakhimpur is mainly based on agriculture. Major crops are rice, tea, mustard, sugarcane, etc. A small number of SSc and MSc industries are located in the district. The name Lakhimpur was derived from the name "Lakshmipur" which was given by the Sutiya king named Lakshminarayan who ruled during the 15th century. Later, it

1350-594: The park with Dhemaji district . Lakhimpur district occupies an area of 2,277 square kilometres (879 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Indonesia 's Yapen Island . Located in the North-East corner of the Indian State of Assam , the district of Lakhimpur lies on the North bank of the river Brahmaputra . It is bounded on the North by Lower Subansiri and Papumpare Districts of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and on

1395-416: The past. Only a few recently compiled Buranjis provide the history of the Chutia kingdom; though some sections of these compilations are old, the sections that contain the list of Chutiya rulers cannot be traced to earlier than 19th century and scholars have shown great disdain for these accounts and legends. Neog (1977) compiled a list of rulers from epigraphic records based crucially on identifying

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1440-1562: The pioneer on the north bank of Brahmaputra, established in 1961. Being the second oldest institution of higher education in the undivided Lakhimpur District, North Bank College has been rendering higher education to the ambitious youths of this backward area and facilitating for their present livelihood. 1. North Bank College 2. Ghilamara Girls College 3. Ghilamara Model Higher Secondary School 4. Ghilamara Town HS School 5. Kanta Khanikar High School 6. Ghilamara Public High School 7. Ghilamara Girls MV School 8. Ghilamara Model Lower Primary School 9. Sankardev Shishu Niketan Ghilamara 10. Ghilamara Music and Art College 11. North Bank Fine Art College 12. Ghilamara Boys' MV School 13. Ghilamara Na-Pukhuri High School 14. Dakhin Ghilamara High School 15. Ghilamara Town LP School 16. Pragati English Medium School 17. Medhabi Jatiya Bidyalaya 18. Suvidya Residential School, Ghilamara 19. Subanshiri Valley Academy, Ghilamara 20. Ghilamara Adarsha Lower Primary School 1. Lakhimpur State Road Division, (PWD), Ghilamara 2. Lakhimpur State Road Sub-Division, (PWD), Ghilamara 3. PHE Division 4. PHE Sub-Division 5. Water Resource Sub-Division 6. Subansiri Revenue Circle, Ghilamara 7. ASEB, Sub-Division 8. Seri-culture Office 9. Block Elementary Education Office 10. Ghilamara Development Block Lakhimpur district Lakhimpur figures largely in

1485-419: The region till date which were issued by Chutia kings between 14th and 15th century. These include: There is a lack of historical data to detail the source of the name Ghilamara . Based on legends and local oral folklore, the name Ghilamara is originated with the story that revolves around Ghila, a Chutia rebel leader. The Ahom army under Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603) defeated the Chutia rebels and killed Ghila in

1530-456: The region. The area was later given by Ahoms to the Baro-Bhuyans to rule like feudal lords, as they had helped defeat the Chutiya and Kachari kingdoms. There was a Chutia principality formed by the king Lakshminarayan in the start of the 15th century upon which the district has been named. The copperplate inscription of a land grant given by the Chutia king in the year 1403 CE in the west of

1575-525: The remnant of the royal family was deported to Pakariguri, Nagaon—a fact that is disputed by scholars. The extent of the power of the kings of the Chutia kingdom is not known in detail. Nevertheless, it is estimated by most modern scholarship that Chutias held the areas on the north bank of Brahmaputra from Parshuram Kund (present-day Arunachal Pradesh) in the east and included the present districts of Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Tinsukia and some parts of Dibrugarh in Assam. Between 1228 and 1253 when Sukaphaa ,

1620-522: The rulers patronized the non-brahmanised Dikkaravasini (also Tamresvari or Kechai-khati ), which was either a powerful tribal deity, or a form of the Buddhist deity Tara adopted for tribal worship. This deity, noticed in the 10th century Kalika Purana well before the establishment of the Chutia kingdom, continued to be presided by a Deori priesthood well into the Ahom rule and outside Brahminical influence. The royal family traced its descent from

1665-566: The rulers with references to Krishna legends but placed them lower in the Brahminical social hierarchy because of their autochthonous origins. Though asura lineage of the Chutia rulers have similarities with the Narakasura lineage created for the three Kamarupa dynasties, the precise historical connection is not clear. Although a majority of the Brahmin donees of the royal grants were Vaishnavas,

1710-493: The territory was placed under the newly created office of the Sadiakhowa Gohain . Besides the material assets and territories, the Ahoms also took possession of the people according to their professions. Many of Brahmans, Kayasthas, Kalitas, and Daivajnas (the caste Hindus), as well as the artisans such as bell-metal workers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, and others, were moved to the Ahom capital and this movement greatly increased

1755-523: The weather is pretty cold in the month of January and very hot in the month Jul-Aug. The average temperature in winter season is from 5 to 20 degree Celsius (41 to 68 degree Fahrenheit) and in summer it increases to 18-36 degree Celsius (65-96.5 degree Fahrenheit). Annual rain ranges from 200 cm to 250 cm (78 to 98.5 inches). This area was under the Chutia kings until the Ahoms annexed it in 1523 A.D. At least four copper plates have been recovered from

1800-496: The younger brother of Rajadhara and a descendent of Candivara in order to expand his influence collected a large army at Borduwa and attacked the Chutiyas and Khamtis but was held captive, he was later set free and had to settle at Makhibaha (in present-day Nalbari district ). Suhungmung , the Ahom king, followed an expansionist policy and annexed Habung and Panbari in either 1510 or 1512, which, according to Swarnalata Baruah,

1845-530: Was a late medieval state that developed around Sadiya in present Assam and adjoining areas in Arunachal Pradesh . It extended over almost the entire region of present districts of Lakhimpur , Dhemaji , Tinsukia , and some parts of Dibrugarh in Assam, as well as the plains and foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. The kingdom fell around the year 1524 to the Ahom Kingdom after a series of conflicts and

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1890-545: Was changed by the Baro-Bhuyans to Lakhimpur, when they were made feudal lords of the region by the Ahoms after defeating the Sutiya kings and was kept in memory of the land (in present-day Darrang district ), which they lost to the Koch kingdom. In the year 1996 Lakhimpur district became home to the Bardoibum-Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary , which has an area of 11 km (4.2 sq mi). It shares

1935-483: Was not till 1838 that the whole was taken under direct British Administration. Lakhimpur district used to have several other districts of Arunachal Pradesh within its fold and was known as the Lakhimpur Frontier Tract . After independence, the district contained the present day Dibrugarh district , Tinsukia district and Dhemaji district . Its headquarter was at Dibrugarh . In 1971, Dibrugarh district

1980-416: Was ruled by Bhuyans while according to Amalendu Guha, it was a Chutia dependency. In 1513 a border conflict triggered the Chutia king Dhirnarayan to advance to Dikhowmukh and build a stockade of banana trees ( Posola-garh ). This fort was attacked by a force led by the Ahom king himself leading to a rout of the Chutia soldiers. This was followed by the Ahoms erecting a fort at Mungkhrang, which fell within

2025-571: Was separated from Lakhimpur. This was repeated on 14 October 1989, with the formation of Dhemaji district . According to the 2011 census Lakhimpur district has a population of 1,042,137, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island . This gives it a ranking of 435th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 457 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,180/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over

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