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93-566: Peach Bowl ( NCAA ) ( 1993 – 2016 ) Georgia State Panthers ( NCAA ) ( 2010 – 2016 ) Celebration Bowl ( NCAA ) ( 2015 – 2016 ) Atlanta Falcons ( NFL ) ( 1992 – 2016 ) The Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in the Southeastern United States . Located in Atlanta between downtown to the east and Vine City to the west, it was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of

186-661: A Super Bowl appearance , the Falcons slumped to a 5–11 record in 1999. The final NFL Game at the Georgia Dome was the 2016 NFC Championship between the Falcons and the Green Bay Packers , won by the Falcons 44–21 to advance to their second Super Bowl in franchise history. The Dome was also the annual host (since 1998) to FCS Classic football game between Florida A&M Rattlers and another HBCU opponent ( Southern Jaguars in 2011 and Tennessee State Tigers in prior years), and

279-565: A helix that forms a composite rope , in a pattern known as laid rope . Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands of such laid rope in a pattern known as cable laid . Manufactured using an industrial machine known as a strander, the wires are fed through a series of barrels and spun into their final composite orientation. In stricter senses, the term wire rope refers to a diameter larger than 9.5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8  in), with smaller gauges designated cable or cords. Initially wrought iron wires were used, but today steel

372-427: A 2 in (50.8 mm) diameter rope. The mnemonic "never saddle a dead horse" means that when installing clips, the saddle portion of the assembly is placed on the load-bearing or "live" side, not on the non-load-bearing or "dead" side of the cable. This is to protect the live or stress-bearing end of the rope against crushing and abuse. The flat bearing seat and extended prongs of the body are designed to protect

465-504: A 25-24 Clemson victory over LSU – averaged 8.557 million viewers (a 5.6 household coverage rating), making it ESPN's most-viewed non-BCS bowl ever. The 2017 season matchup , played January 1, 2018, featured an undefeated UCF playing an Auburn team that had in the regular season defeated both national championship contenders Georgia and Alabama (the eventual 2018 College Football Playoff Champion ). A 34–27 UCF victory resulted in UCF being

558-460: A carbon content of 0.4 to 0.95%. The very high strength of the rope wires enables wire ropes to support large tensile forces and to run over sheaves with relatively small diameters. In the so-called cross lay strands, the wires of the different layers cross each other. In the mostly used parallel lay strands, the lay length of all the wire layers is equal and the wires of any two superimposed layers are parallel, resulting in linear contact. The wire of

651-471: A centre with at least one layer of wires being laid in the opposite direction to that of the outer layer. Spiral ropes can be dimensioned in such a way that they are non-rotating which means that under tension the rope torque is nearly zero. The open spiral rope consists only of round wires. The half-locked coil rope and the full-locked coil rope always have a centre made of round wires. The locked coil ropes have one or more outer layers of profile wires. They have

744-637: A darn spaceship". The new stadium, which would be known as Mercedes-Benz Stadium , received approval from the city of Atlanta, Fulton County, and Georgia state governments in 2013. Construction commenced and ground was broken in 2014. The Falcons' final game in the Dome was the 2016 NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017, with a 44–21 victory over the Green Bay Packers , that sent the Falcons to their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history. The stadium's final public event took place on March 4 and 5, 2017, with back-to-back Monster Jam shows. Shortly after

837-442: A dome. At the time it was planned to retain the Georgia Dome to continue hosting non-NFL events. In justifying the need for a new venue, Falcons CEO and president Rich McKay said that the Georgia Dome "was a really functional building that served its purpose very well. We did not want to build a better Georgia Dome. That was not the object. If we would have done that, we would have renovated the Georgia Dome. We really wanted to change

930-586: A new exterior monument sign on Northside Drive. The interior end zones each received a new and considerably wider HD video screen that significantly enhanced views of replays, as well as graphics and digital presentations. A new sound system was installed in the same year, replacing the previous system that was nearly 20 years old. In 2008, the Georgia Dome started showing safety videos before games, presented by Deltalina , flight attendant "mascot" of Delta Air Lines . The videos satirize Delta's massively popular " Deltalina " inflight safety videos . The videos' theme

1023-534: A number of international soccer matches. On June 24, 2009, the Dome hosted its first ever soccer match between Mexico and Venezuela in front of 51,115 fans, with grass laid over the FieldTurf. On February 9, 2011, Mexico and Bosnia and Herzegovina played a friendly match in front of 50,507 fans. On July 20, 2013, the Dome hosted two quarter-final match-ups of the 2013 Gold Cup —Panama vs. Cuba and Mexico vs. Trinidad & Tobago—in front of 54,229 fans. The stadium

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1116-435: A reference rope length, of cross-section loss, as well as other failures so that the wire rope can be replaced before a dangerous situation occurs. Installations should be designed to facilitate the inspection of the wire ropes. Lifting installations for passenger transportation require that a combination of several methods should be used to prevent a car from plunging downwards. Elevators must have redundant bearing ropes and

1209-419: A safety gear. Ropeways and mine hoistings must be permanently supervised by a responsible manager and the rope must be inspected by a magnetic method capable of detecting inner wire breaks. The end of a wire rope tends to fray readily, and cannot be easily connected to plant and equipment. There are different ways of securing the ends of wire ropes to prevent fraying. The common and useful type of end fitting for

1302-551: A structure length of 746 ft (227 m), a structure width of 607 ft (185 m), and a total floor area of 102,150 square feet (9,490 m). The stadium was the largest cable -supported dome in the world. Its roof was made of teflon -coated fiberglass fabric and had an area of 374,584 square feet (34,800 m). From its completion until the December 31, 1999, opening of the 20-acre (8.09-hectare) Millennium Dome in London, it

1395-590: A team from the Southeastern Conference . From 1993 until 2013, the game matched an SEC team against one from the ACC. From 1993 to 2005, this matchup was the third selection from the ACC against the fourth from the SEC. In 2005, the bowl hosted its first-ever matchup of top 10 ranked teams. The Peach Bowl was the first charity bowl, and is credited to being created by Lions Club member George Pierre Crumbley Jr. , known as

1488-606: A tornado ripped two holes in the dome during the Alabama – Mississippi State quarterfinal game, delaying the game for about an hour. The quarterfinal game to follow between the Kentucky Wildcats and Georgia Bulldogs was postponed until the following day. The resulting damage forced the rest of the tournament to be moved to the Alexander Memorial Coliseum, now known as McCamish Pavilion , at Georgia Tech . In 2010,

1581-418: A wire rope is to turn the end back to form a loop. The loose end is then fixed back on the wire rope. Termination efficiencies vary from about 70% for a Flemish eye alone; to nearly 90% for a Flemish eye and splice; to 100% for potted ends and swagings. When the wire rope is terminated with a loop, there is a risk that it will bend too tightly, especially when the loop is connected to a device that concentrates

1674-437: Is a fiber core, made up of synthetic material or natural fibers like sisal. Synthetic fibers are stronger and more uniform but cannot absorb much lubricant. Natural fibers can absorb up to 15% of their weight in lubricant and so protect the inner wires much better from corrosion than synthetic fibers do. Fiber cores are the most flexible and elastic, but have the downside of getting crushed easily. The second type, wire strand core,

1767-469: Is a method of wire rope termination that refers to the installation technique. The purpose of swaging wire rope fittings is to connect two wire rope ends together, or to otherwise terminate one end of wire rope to something else. A mechanical or hydraulic swager is used to compress and deform the fitting, creating a permanent connection. Threaded studs, ferrules, sockets, and sleeves are examples of different swaged terminations. Swaging ropes with fibre cores

1860-403: Is made up of one additional strand of wire, and is typically used for suspension. The third type is independent wire rope core (IWRC), which is the most durable in all types of environments. Most types of stranded ropes only have one strand layer over the core (fibre core or steel core). The lay direction of the strands in the rope can be right (symbol Z) or left (symbol S) and the lay direction of

1953-402: Is not recommended. A wedge socket termination is useful when the fitting needs to be replaced frequently. For example, if the end of a wire rope is in a high-wear region, the rope may be periodically trimmed, requiring the termination hardware to be removed and reapplied. An example of this is on the ends of the drag ropes on a dragline . The end loop of the wire rope enters a tapered opening in

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2046-404: Is the main material used for wire ropes. Historically, wire rope evolved from wrought iron chains, which had a record of mechanical failure. While flaws in chain links or solid steel bars can lead to catastrophic failure , flaws in the wires making up a steel cable are less critical as the other wires easily take up the load. While friction between the individual wires and strands causes wear over

2139-709: The AP Poll (inaugurated in 1936 ), before each game was played. Italics denote a tie game. Source: An offensive and defensive MVP are selected for each game; from 1989 through 1998, selections were made for both teams. Updated through the December 2023 edition (56 games, 112 total appearances). Won (11): Alabama , Arizona State , Army , Baylor , East Carolina , Houston , Michigan State , Syracuse , TCU , Texas A&M , UCF Lost (10): Cincinnati , Duke , Illinois , Iowa State , Michigan , Ohio State , Oklahoma , Penn State , Pittsburgh , Washington Tied (2): Texas Tech , Vanderbilt Updated through

2232-551: The Georgia High School Association (GHSA) football semi-finals until 2007 and hosted the football state championships from 2008 to 2016. The Georgia Dome hosted the NCAA Final Four Men's Basketball National Championship in 2002, 2007, and 2013, along with regional semi-finals and finals in 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2012 and NCAA Women's Final Four in 2003. The SEC men's basketball tournament has been held at

2325-573: The Georgia Historical Society commemorating the Georgia Dome's legacy was dedicated on September 6, 2018. The Dome was home to the NFL 's Atlanta Falcons . The stadium also hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000. The Falcons failed to qualify for the playoffs both seasons that the Dome hosted the Super Bowl; despite a 14–2 regular season in 1998 which was capped off with

2418-687: The Georgia Tech campus in Atlanta. Between 1971 and 1992, Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium hosted the game. Between 1993 and 2016, the Georgia Dome played host. The bowl then moved to Mercedes-Benz Stadium starting in 2017. Since the 2014 season, the Peach Bowl has been part of the New Year's Six , featuring College Football Playoff matchups with the 2016, 2019, and 2022 games hosting a national semifinal. With

2511-675: The Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Opened in 1992, it was then the second-largest covered stadium in the world by capacity, behind the Pontiac Silverdome . Though the Georgia Dome was a profitable facility, its primary tenant, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League , grew dissatisfied with it less than two decades after its opening and began planning for a replacement stadium. It

2604-769: The Georgia World Congress Center Authority announced plans for a new stadium just south of the Georgia Dome. At the time, the Georgia Dome had just completed a major update and was still relatively young. The Dome had been designed specifically for football while a handful of NFL teams still made do with multi-purpose stadiums shared with MLB teams; plus, the Dome had plenty of luxury suites and premium seating which were important revenue-generating features lacking other older venues which made them obsolete. Nonetheless, sports economist Rod Fort noted that pro sports team owners "thought they could get away with demanding new" stadiums every year with public money; plus,

2697-693: The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company (LC&N Co.) — as they had with the first blast furnaces in the Lehigh Valley — built a Wire Rope factory in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania , in 1848, which provided lift cables for the Ashley Planes project, then the back track planes of the Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad , improving its attractiveness as a premier tourism destination, and vastly improving

2790-570: The Ruhr Valley . With important patents, and dozens of working systems in Europe, Bleichert dominated the global industry, later licensing its designs and manufacturing techniques to Trenton Iron Works, New Jersey, USA which built systems across America. Adolf Bleichert & Co. went on to build hundreds of aerial tramways around the world: from Alaska to Argentina, Australia and Spitsbergen. The Bleichert company also built hundreds of aerial tramways for both

2883-476: The SEC Championship Game in 2008 . The Dome had 5,740 club seats and 171 luxury boxes. The executives suites fit 16-24 people, while eight super-suites added in 2007 were capable of accommodating 57-96 guests. There were also four restaurants/bars. There were 12 escalators and 9 elevators. The structure was located on 9.19 acres (3.72 hectares) of land; the Dome had a height of 271 ft (83 m),

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2976-593: The "Father of the Peach Bowl", who shepherded it through NCAA certification. The game was originally created as a fund-raiser by the Lions Clubs of Georgia in 1968, but after years of lackluster attendance and revenue, the game was taken over by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in 1986. Chick-fil-A , a fast food restaurant chain based in nearby College Park , has sponsored the game since 1997. From 2006 until 2013, Chick-fil-A's contract gave it full naming rights and

3069-627: The 2017 show was scheduled to be in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium, construction delays would make the venue not ready for the July 29 event, which would find a temporary home at McEachern High School in Powder Springs . DCI hosted the 2018 and 2019 Southeast Championships at the new stadium. The Georgia Dome hosted WrestleMania XXVII on April 3, 2011, as well as WrestleMania Axxess in the Georgia World Congress Center ; WrestleMania XXVII

3162-475: The December 2023 edition (56 games, 112 total appearances). Source: Battle for Bowl Week has the teams compete in events during the week leading up to the game. Events in 2021 included a basketball challenge and go-kart racing. From 2011 to 2023, the winner of the Battle for Bowl Week won the game eight of thirteen times. Wire rope Wire rope is composed of as few as two solid, metal wires twisted into

3255-446: The Dome, demolition officials stated that bringing the roof down was the biggest challenge due to its unique design. The Georgia World Congress Center and Mercedes-Benz Stadium were undamaged during the first implosion, although the new stadium did receive a heavy dusting. Initially, demolition officials stated that the two remaining sections would be brought down manually with hydraulic excavators; however, after inspections determined that

3348-508: The Falcons did not have control of the Dome nor the profits, which made them less competitive than other teams that owned state-of-the-art facilities. In addition, Arthur Blank "wanted a state-of-the-art facility for his NFL and MLS teams and was willing to pitch in a huge amount of money to make it happen", as well as wanting to host another Super Bowl. Also with the Atlanta climate the Falcons long desired to play outdoors in either an open-air stadium or retractable roof stadium rather than inside

3441-551: The Falcons' first preseason game, and the process of decommissioning the Georgia Dome had resumed, with the Dome scheduled for implosion on November 20, 2017, at 7:30 am EST. In July 2017, GWCCA officials removed equipment they intend to reuse either at Mercedes-Benz Stadium or elsewhere on the GWCC campus while other equipment was liquidated by sealed bids. Most of the seats in the lower and middle bowls were sold in bulk to high schools and colleges while pairs were sold to individuals; most of

3534-495: The Georgia Dome during 10 seasons, most recently in 2014 . The ACC men's basketball tournament has been held at the Georgia Dome on two occasions, in 2001 and 2009. The NCAA Division I Basketball's Champions Classic was held at the dome in 2012. It was also one of two homes, along with the facility then known as Alexander Memorial Coliseum, for the NBA 's Atlanta Hawks during the construction of State Farm Arena from 1997 to 1999 on

3627-639: The Georgia Dome hosted over 1,400 events attended by over 37 million people. The Georgia Dome was the only stadium in the United States to host the Summer Olympics , Super Bowl and NCAA men's basketball Final Four . The Georgia Dome also hosted Wrestlemania 27 with The Rock as the host, and it was the biggest event in the venue. John Cena vs The Miz was the main event for the WWE Championship . The Georgia Dome's successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium ,

3720-416: The Georgia Dome site became greenspace for tailgating at Mercedes-Benz Stadium and other community events. On April 21, 2017, GWCCA officials announced that The Home Depot acquired the naming rights to the 13-acre (53,000 m) park prior to its construction, adopting the name of "The Home Depot Backyard". Cleanup of debris from the Georgia Dome site was completed by late February 2018 with construction of

3813-404: The Georgia Dome would remain nominally operational until Mercedes-Benz Stadium was ready; however, the Dome's artificial turf had been removed and its offices vacated prior to the announcement of the new stadium's delay. On June 9, 2017, Steve Cannon, CEO of the Falcons' parent company AMB Group, stated that construction officials were confident that Mercedes-Benz Stadium would be ready in time for

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3906-399: The Georgia Dome's closing, a group presented a petition to the governor's office to save the stadium from demolition, arguing that it was still in good condition and that its loss would be wasteful. While the Falcons initially sought an open-air stadium to complement the Georgia Dome, GWCCA officials ultimately concluded that maintaining two 70,000-seat stadiums was not financially feasible, and

3999-446: The Georgia Dome's fate was already sealed when Mercedes-Benz Stadium was approved in 2013. Demolition of the Georgia Dome was intended to begin shortly after the stadium's final event; however, due to construction delays caused by the complexity of Mercedes-Benz Stadium's eight-panel retractable roof, demolition of the Georgia Dome was postponed until the new stadium's certificate of occupancy could be issued. GWCCA officials stated that

4092-481: The Georgia World Congress Center Authority announced a $ 300 million renovation to the Georgia Dome. The project was separated into two stages. The first stage, which took place before the 2007 NFL season, focused on updating the premium seating areas, including the creation of eight 'super-suites' as well as an owners' club, most of them now incorporating new plasma TVs. In 2008, the exterior of

4185-567: The Home Depot Backyard beginning shortly thereafter; the new park officially opened on September 11, 2018. Ground was broken for a new high-rise convention center hotel on May 19, 2021, which opened in January 2024. The hotel is located between the Home Depot Backyard and GWCC Building C, and is the first newly constructed hotel for Hilton 's Signia brand. A historical marker erected by the GWCCA and

4278-599: The Imperial German Army and the Wehrmacht. In the latter part of the 19th century, wire rope systems were used as a means of transmitting mechanical power including for the new cable cars . Wire rope systems cost one-tenth as much and had lower friction losses than line shafts . Because of these advantages, wire rope systems were used to transmit power for a distance of a few miles or kilometers. Steel wires for wire ropes are normally made of non-alloy carbon steel with

4371-572: The United States as surface deposits in the Anthracite Coal Region north and south dove deeper every year, and even the rich deposits in the Panther Creek Valley required LC&N Co. to drive their first shafts into lower slopes beginning Lansford and its Schuylkill County twin-town Coaldale . The German engineering firm of Adolf Bleichert & Co. was founded in 1874 and began to build bicable aerial tramways for mining in

4464-451: The advantage that their construction prevents the penetration of dirt and water to a greater extent and it also protects them from loss of lubricant. In addition, they have one further very important advantage as the ends of a broken outer wire cannot leave the rope if it has the proper dimensions. Stranded ropes are an assembly of several strands laid helically in one or more layers around a core. This core can be one of three types. The first

4557-568: The announcement of the Mercedes-Benz Stadium to be opened in the summer of 2017, the 2016 tour season would be the last hurrah inside the dome. Though the 2016 season would be the last in the dome, it would prove to be a historical one at that, with the Bluecoats powering their way to the top to win the last competition in the stadium, bringing the corps' first Southeast Championship and later on their first DCI World Championship Title. While

4650-861: The annual host to the Southeastern Conference Football Championship Game and the Chick-fil-A Bowl (also known as the Peach Bowl) post-season college football games. From 2015 to 2016, the Dome hosted the Celebration Bowl , the annual post-season bowl match up between the MEAC and SWAC . On January 2, 2006, the Georgia Dome hosted the Nokia Sugar Bowl , between the University of Georgia and West Virginia University . The game

4743-525: The cockpit. Only aircraft cables have WSC (wire strand core). Also, aircraft cables are available in smaller diameters than wire rope. For example, aircraft cables are available in 1.2 mm ( 3 ⁄ 64  in) diameter while most wire ropes begin at a 6.4 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4  in) diameter. Static wire ropes are used to support structures such as suspension bridges or as guy wires to support towers. An aerial tramway relies on wire rope to support and move cargo overhead. Modern wire rope

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4836-460: The day of demolition until MARTA safety inspectors certified that the tunnels which run below the Dome site were safe for trains to operate. GWCCA officials stated that the implosion would be broadcast live by WSB-TV as well as livestreamed on the official websites of the Falcons, Atlanta United FC , and Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Live coverage of the implosion on the Weather Channel was blocked at

4929-406: The design of rope drives for cranes, elevators, rope ways and mining installations. Factors that are considered in design include: The calculation of the rope drive limits depends on: The wire ropes are stressed by fluctuating forces, by wear, by corrosion and in seldom cases by extreme forces. The rope life is finite and the safety is only ensured by inspection for the detection of wire breaks on

5022-513: The elevators, twice the escalators compared to the Georgia Dome". McKay said of it, "The architecture, I think, speaks for itself. I hope the first time you're in it, yeah, you're wowed by the architecture, but more wowed by the fan experience." SB Nation noted that while the "Georgia Dome did its job for 24 years...it wasn't anything special. That's not the case with [the Mercedes-Benz Stadium]. Walking up to it feels like you're approaching

5115-471: The expansion of the College Football Playoff to 12 teams in 2024, the Peach Bowl will become an annual feature of that playoff, along with the other New Year's Six bowls. Seven of the first ten meetings (all but the 1968, 1971, and 1974 games) pitted an Atlantic Coast Conference team against an at-large opponent. The bowl had no automatic berths prior to 1993, but usually featured an ACC team or

5208-443: The explosive charges did not detonate, a supplementary implosion took place on the morning of December 20 at 1:00 am EST. A window at one of the GWCC buildings was shattered during the second implosion but was quickly replaced. Following the implosion, most of the concrete from the Georgia Dome remained on site, crushed into smaller pieces to be used as infill material while steel and other materials were separated and recycled. Most of

5301-427: The game and do it for a long, long time." Stadium general manager Scott Jenkins described the new stadium's advantages over the Dome, saying "The LED displays we have, whether it's every seat is two-inches wider than the Georgia Dome, almost all the concourses connect so you can circumnavigate the building, you don't get cut-off. You can move vertically throughout the building, we have really wide staircases, we have twice

5394-452: The game was referred to as the Chick-fil-A Bowl as a result. The traditional "Peach Bowl" name was reinstated following the announcement that the bowl would be one of the six College Football Playoff bowls. The funds from the deal were used to increase payouts for the participating teams. In response, from 2006 to 2014 the ACC gave the committee the first pick of its teams after the BCS —usually

5487-622: The game's history. The rating was also higher than two New Year's Day bowls, the Cotton and the Gator . In October 2009, the bowl extended the Atlantic Coast Conference contract through 2013. According to Sports Illustrated , although the bowl generated $ 12.3 million in profit in 2007, only $ 5.9 million of that was paid out to the participating schools. On December 31, 2012, the bowl set new records for viewership. The New Year's Eve telecast –

5580-624: The individual wires were wrapped around the centers in one direction and the strands were wrapped around the core in the opposite direction. Multi-strand ropes are all more or less resistant to rotation and have at least two layers of strands laid helically around a centre. The direction of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying strand layers. Ropes with three strand layers can be nearly non-rotating. Ropes with two strand layers are mostly only low-rotating. Depending on where they are used, wire ropes have to fulfill different requirements. The main uses are: Technical regulations apply to

5673-431: The last moment by a MARTA bus that stopped in front of the camera just seconds before the implosion. While the implosion was considered successful with the roof and a majority of the structure felled, the eastern wall and the northwest gate of the Dome were left standing after the implosion. Although the Dome's proximity to adjacent structures was a major concern, with Mercedes-Benz Stadium only 83 feet (25 m) away from

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5766-456: The life of the rope, it also helps to compensate for minor failures in the short run. Wire ropes were developed starting with mining hoist applications in the 1830s. Wire ropes are used dynamically for lifting and hoisting in cranes and elevators , and for transmission of mechanical power . Wire rope is also used to transmit force in mechanisms, such as a Bowden cable or the control surfaces of an airplane connected to levers and pedals in

5859-412: The load on a relatively small area. A thimble can be installed inside the loop to preserve the natural shape of the loop, and protect the cable from pinching and abrading on the inside of the loop. The use of thimbles in loops is industry best practice . The thimble prevents the load from coming into direct contact with the wires. A wire rope clip, sometimes called a clamp, is used to fix the loose end of

5952-522: The loop back to the wire rope. It usually consists of a U-bolt , a forged saddle, and two nuts. The two layers of wire rope are placed in the U-bolt. The saddle is then fitted to the bolt over the ropes (the saddle includes two holes to fit to the U-bolt). The nuts secure the arrangement in place. Two or more clips are usually used to terminate a wire rope depending on the diameter. As many as eight may be needed for

6045-611: The loser of the ACC Championship Game or one of the division runners-up. Also from 2006, the bowl got the fifth overall selection from the SEC (including the BCS). However, the BCS took two SEC schools in every season for the last nine years of its run, leaving the Chick-Fil-A with the sixth pick from the conference—usually one of the division runners-up. It ascended to major-bowl status when it

6138-427: The only undefeated FBS team for the 2017 season. As such, UCF was selected as the 2017 national champions by one NCAA recognized selector and thus claims a share of the 2017 national championship. The Peach Bowl has donated more than $ 32 million to charity since 2016. Team rankings entering games for which the Peach Bowl was designated a CFP semifinal are taken from CFP rankings. Otherwise, rankings are taken from

6231-505: The outer layer is supported by two wires of the inner layer. These wires are neighbors along the whole length of the strand. Parallel lay strands are made in one operation. The endurance of wire ropes with this kind of strand is always much greater than of those (seldom used) with cross lay strands. Parallel lay strands with two wire layers have the construction Filler, Seale or Warrington. In principle, spiral ropes are round strands as they have an assembly of layers of wires laid helically over

6324-399: The process further. In America wire rope was manufactured by John A. Roebling , starting in 1841 and forming the basis for his success in suspension bridge building. Roebling introduced a number of innovations in the design, materials and manufacture of wire rope. Ever with an ear to technology developments in mining and railroading, Josiah White and Erskine Hazard , principal owners of

6417-494: The roof had been chipped away and ventilation holes were cut into the roof fabric. 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg) of explosives were used to bring the Dome down within 12 seconds. Due to the large exclusion zone required for the demolition, no public viewing areas were made available; additionally, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority officials announced that rail service west of the Five Points station would be suspended on

6510-405: The rope and are always placed against the live end. The US Navy and most regulatory bodies do not recommend the use of such clips as permanent terminations unless periodically checked and re-tightened. An eye splice may be used to terminate the loose end of a wire rope when forming a loop. The strands of the end of a wire rope are unwound a certain distance, then bent around so that the end of

6603-408: The second Peach Bowl matchup between #15 Clemson and #21 Auburn . It was the first time the Peach Bowl had ended regulation play with a tie, and with the rules in play since the early 1990s, required an overtime, which Auburn won, 23–20. With a 5.09 share (4.92 million households), the 2007 game was the highest-rated ESPN-broadcast bowl game of the 2007–2008 season as well as the highest rated in

6696-427: The sides to ensure that Mercedes-Benz Stadium and other nearby buildings were not damaged during the demolition; to protect nearby structures, construction felt was placed over the four corners of the Dome, and a 70 foot (21 m) tall fence covered in the same material was erected between the Dome and Mercedes-Benz Stadium. To ensure that the roof fell in place during the implosion, parts of the concrete ring supporting

6789-561: The site of the former Omni Coliseum . While playing at the Georgia Dome on March 27, 1998, the Atlanta Hawks set a then-NBA single-game attendance record with 62,046 fans against Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls. For the 1996 Summer Olympics , one half of the arena hosted the basketball competitions (including final) while the other half hosted the artistic gymnastics events and team handball (men's final). The Georgia Dome held

6882-403: The socket, wrapped around a separate component called the wedge. The arrangement is knocked in place, and load gradually eased onto the rope. As the load increases on the wire rope, the wedge become more secure, gripping the rope tighter. Poured sockets are used to make a high strength, permanent termination; they are created by inserting the wire rope into the narrow end of a conical cavity which

6975-414: The stadium fully opened and 40,000 for basketball and gymnastics when the stadium was sectioned off (one half closed off by a large curtain). For most Georgia State football games, the dome was configured with 28,155 seats, with tickets for only the bulk of the lower level and the club-level seats on sale. The record for overall attendance at the Georgia Dome came during a college football game, with 80,892 at

7068-441: The stadium was repainted, replacing the original teal and maroon color scheme with a red, black, and silver theme to match the Falcons' team colors; the stadium's original teal seats were replaced with red seats in the lower and upper levels and black seats in the middle level. The entrance gates and concourses were also renovated and updated before the 2008 football season. In 2009, the video screens in both end zones were relocated to

7161-546: The stadium was the first, and only indoor rain delay, when an upper deck rain gutter leaked inside the stadium. The 2006 competition was won by The Cavaliers , becoming the first of only four corps to win in the 11 years the stadium hosted the event. From 2007 to 2014, the Blue Devils would win an unprecedented 8 straight victories at the annual Southeastern Championship. The win streak would be snapped in 2015 by Carolina Crown with its fan-favorite production of "Inferno" With

7254-530: The throughput of the coal capacity since return of cars dropped from nearly four hours to less than 20 minutes. The following decades featured a burgeoning increase in deep shaft mining in both Europe and North America as surface mineral deposits were exhausted and miners had to chase layers along inclined layers. The era was early in railroad development and steam engines lacked sufficient tractive effort to climb steep slopes, so inclined plane railways were common. This pushed development of cable hoists rapidly in

7347-410: The unwrapped length forms an eye. The unwrapped strands are then plaited back into the wire rope, forming the loop, or an eye, called an eye splice. A Flemish eye, or Dutch Splice, involves unwrapping three strands (the strands need to be next to each other, not alternates) of the wire and keeping them off to one side. The remaining strands are bent around, until the end of the wire meets the "V" where

7440-422: The unwrapping finished, to form the eye. The strands kept to one side are now re-wrapped by wrapping from the end of the wire back to the "V" of the eye. These strands are effectively rewrapped along the wire in the opposite direction to their original lay. When this type of rope splice is used specifically on wire rope, it is called a "Molly Hogan", and, by some, a "Dutch" eye instead of a "Flemish" eye. Swaging

7533-414: The upper bowl seats were recycled. The stadium's lower bowl and loading docks were demolished by mid-August. From September 16 to 30, 2017, memorabilia from the Georgia Dome was sold in an online auction format by Schneider Industries. Demolition officials from Adamo Demolition , the company contracted for the job, stated that the pressure from the implosion needed to go up from the roof and not out through

7626-437: The water and roof material later fell with enough force to smash seats in the upper decks and knock holes in concrete floors. The collapse occurred after fans left the stadium, and no one was injured during the incident. The roof was eventually repaired in a way that prevented similar incidents from occurring in the future. In the 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak on March 14, 2008, during the 2008 SEC men's basketball tournament ,

7719-479: The wires can be right (symbol z) or left (symbol s). This kind of rope is called ordinary lay rope if the lay direction of the wires in the outer strands is in the opposite direction to the lay of the outer strands themselves. If both the wires in the outer strands and the outer strands themselves have the same lay direction, the rope is called a lang lay rope (from Dutch langslag contrary to kruisslag , formerly Albert's lay or langs lay). Regular lay means

7812-451: Was "Delta Safety First". Three years after the completion of the Dome, the integrity of its roof became an issue. During a Falcons pre-season game in August 1995, a severe rainstorm caused water to pool on the fabric, tearing part of the material, and causing a section of the roof to fall into the stadium. The storm was intense enough that the roof panels could be seen moving during the game, and

7905-546: Was added to the "New Year's Six" bowls starting with the 2014 season, assuring that it would feature major conference champions and/or prestigious runners-up. As of 2013, the bowl was sold out for 17 straight years, the second-longest streak behind only the Rose Bowl Game . In 2007, the Chick-fil-A Bowl became the best-attended non-BCS bowl for the previous decade. The 2007 game was played on December 31, 2007, featuring

7998-477: Was also home to the video game convention E3 from 1997 to 1998. In 1998, Gaither Homecoming hosted two Homecoming concerts, Atlanta Homecoming and All Day Singin' At The Dome . The stadium also hosted the Drum Corps International (DCI) Southeastern Championship from 2006 to 2016. The inaugural event featured 22 drum corps in the old fashioned Prelims/Finals one-day format. During the competition,

8091-521: Was an official candidate venue for hosting matches as part of the United States' bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup , but Qatar was selected to host the tournament. The Georgia Dome was also a prominent stop for many music acts including Alabama , Guns N' Roses , U2 , KISS , The Rolling Stones , Elton John , Billy Joel , Taylor Swift , Chuck Berry , Smash Mouth , The Beach Boys , Kid Rock , Phil Collins , Backstreet Boys , Korn , Metallica , Skillet , Beyoncé , One Direction and many more. It

8184-474: Was built adjacent to the south and opened on August 26, 2017. The Georgia Dome was demolished on November 20, 2017. The Georgia Dome was completed in 1992 in time for the 1996 Summer Olympics at a cost of $ 214 million, making it one of the largest state-funded construction projects in Georgia history. The stadium seated 71,228 for football , approximately 80,000 for concerts , and 71,000 for basketball when

8277-582: Was closed and demolished in 2017. In addition to the Falcons, the Georgia Dome was also the home of the Georgia State University Panthers football team. It hosted two Super Bowls ( XXVIII and XXXIV ), 25 editions of the Peach Bowl (January 1993–December 2016) and 23 SEC Championship Games ( 1994 − 2016 ). In addition, the Georgia Dome also hosted several soccer matches since 2009 with attendances over 50,000. In its 25 years of operation,

8370-715: Was held in Atlanta, Georgia , since the game's usual venue, the Louisiana Superdome , was unable host due to damage caused by Hurricane Katrina . From the program's inception in 2010 until 2016 , the stadium was home of the NCAA Division I Georgia State Panthers of Georgia State University . Subsequently, with the Dome's impending closure, the university acquired the Atlanta Braves ' former Turner Field baseball park and renovated it to Georgia State Stadium for college football. The Georgia Dome also annually hosted

8463-618: Was invented by the German mining engineer Wilhelm Albert in the years between 1831 and 1834 for use in mining in the Harz Mountains in Clausthal , Lower Saxony , Germany . It was quickly accepted because it proved superior strength from ropes made of hemp or of metal chains , such as had been used before. Wilhelm Albert's first ropes consisted of three strands consisting of four wires each. In 1840, Scotsman Robert Stirling Newall improved

8556-479: Was the largest hooked domed structure of any type in the world. Matt Hartley Lighting, LLC designed the lighting for the concourse of the Georgia Dome. The Georgia Dome originally used AstroTurf artificial surface for its football events. In 2003, Arthur Blank , the new owner of Atlanta Falcons, funded the installation of the new infilled FieldTurf artificial surface system. In 2006, the Atlanta Falcons and

8649-477: Was the last WWE event held in the Georgia Dome. WCW Monday Nitro was hosted in the Georgia Dome twice in 1998 and twice again in 1999; WWE Monday Night Raw was hosted 4 times in the stadium between 1999 and 2001. †= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time 1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage. Peach Bowl The first three Peach Bowls were played at Grant Field on

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