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50-600: George Norton Wilcox was born in Hilo August 15, 1839. His father was Abner Wilcox and mother was Lucy Eliza Hart. His parents were in the company of missionaries to Hawaii for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions , sailing in 1836. His parents taught at the Hilo Mission boarding school founded by David Belden Lyman and his wife. He had one older brother and two younger ones born while at Hilo. In 1846,

100-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

150-501: A city , Hilo is not an incorporated city, and does not have a municipal government. The entire island, which is between the slightly larger state of Connecticut and smaller Rhode Island in size, is under the jurisdiction of the County of Hawaiʻi , of which Hilo is the county seat. Hilo is home to county, state, and federal offices. The oldest city in the Hawaiian archipelago, Hilo's economy

200-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

250-646: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

300-568: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

350-527: A wealthy plantation owner and politician, and died July 7, 1919. Another younger brother Samuel Whitney Wilcox was born September 19, 1847, at Waiʻoli, married Emma Lyman (daughter of the Hilo missionaries), had six children, and died May 23, 1929. Although Samuel's youngest son Gaylord inherited the farm, his two prominent daughters were Elsie Hart Wilcox (1874–1954), who became the first female territorial senator of Hawaii, and Mabel Isabel Wilcox (1882–1978) who led

400-629: Is Hilo's primary newspaper distribution company along with other newspapers like the Honolulu Star-Advertiser . Asteroid (342431) Hilo is named after Hilo. Hilo also referred to the District of Hilo when the Big Island was divided into six districts by the traditional moku land division. Hilo is now divided in two: North and South Hilo Districts. The District of North Hilo, along Hawaii State Highway 19 from north to south, encompasses

450-593: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

500-460: Is home to Hawaii's only tsunami museum , mostly dedicated to the 1946 Pacific tsunami , and is notable for the banyan trees planted by Babe Ruth , Amelia Earhart and other celebrities. It is home to the Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo , shopping centers, cafés and other eateries, movie theaters, hotels, restaurants, and a developed downtown area with a Farmers Market. Downtown Hilo is bounded approximately by

550-466: Is land and 4.9 square miles (12.7 km ) of which (8.4%) is water. Hilo has a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ), with substantial rainfall throughout the year. Its location on the windward coast (relative to the trade winds ), makes it the fourth-wettest city in the United States, behind the southeast Alaskan cities of Whittier , Ketchikan and Yakutat , and one of the wettest in

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600-509: Is served by the county Hele-On Bus . Hilo is served by the Big Island's largest harbor, Hilo Harbor, which is on Hilo Bay . Hilo is home to a number of educational institutions, including two post-secondary institutions, the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo and Hawaiʻi Community College , and the Hilo and Waiakea primary and secondary school districts. Charter schools in the area serve primary and secondary students. Although sometimes called

650-452: Is the annual week-long Merrie Monarch Festival , the world's preeminent hula competition and festival, which brings in visitors and participants from all over the world. It is held in the spring of each year beginning on Easter Sunday. The local orchid society hosts the largest and most comprehensive orchid show in the state, the annual Hilo Orchid Show, which has been presented since 1951 and draws visitors and entrants worldwide. Hilo

700-456: Is the largest settlement in and the county seat of Hawaiʻi County , Hawaii , United States , which encompasses the Island of Hawaii , and is a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 census . It is the fourth-largest settlement in the state of Hawaii, the largest settlement in the state outside of Oahu , and the largest settlement in the state outside of

750-617: The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center , was established in 1949 to track these killer waves and provide warning. This tsunami also caused the end of the Hawaii Consolidated Railway , and instead the Hawaii Belt Road was built north of Hilo using some of the old railbed. On May 22, 1960, another tsunami, caused by a 9.5-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Chile that day, claimed 61 lives, allegedly due to

800-723: The People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

850-540: The Sheffield Scientific School . When he returned, he and his younger brother Albert worked for Robert Crichton Wyllie on his Princeville Plantation . Albert would later buy the Princeville Plantation near Hanalei. George leased and then bought Grove Farm from Hermann A. Widemann (1822–1899) starting in 1864. Using his engineering training, he designed an irrigation system to bring water from

900-539: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

950-473: The US Army Corps of Engineers proposed building a harbor on the island, Wilcox bought the entire bond issue to finance Nawiliwili Harbor . He died January 21, 1933. Since he never married, his estate was left to his nephews and nieces. It was one of the largest estates in the territory at the time. Younger brother Albert Spencer Wilcox was born May 24, 1844, married Luahiwa, and then Emma Mahelona, became

1000-515: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

1050-572: The University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo , ʻImiloa Astronomy Center , as well as the Merrie Monarch Festival , a week-long celebration, including three nights of competition, of ancient and modern hula that takes place annually after Easter . Hilo is also home to the Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation , one of the world's leading producers of macadamia nuts. Hilo is served by Hilo International Airport . Around 1100 AD,

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1100-479: The Wailuku River , Kamehameha Avenue , Ponahawai Street, and Kapiolani Street. The Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation is in Hilo, south of the main town off Hawaii Route 11 , north of Keaʻau . Hilo is home to most of the astronomical observatories on Mauna Kea as well as the ʻImiloa Planetarium and Museum. Astronomy has an economic impact of $ 100 million annually on the island. Astronomy on Mauna Kea

1150-411: The provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in

1200-464: The Census for 2020). The racial makeup was 32% Asian , 18.4% White , 10% Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander , 0.8% African American , 0.1% American Indian & Alaska Native , 0.6% from other races , and 38.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13% of the population. 21.1% of the households had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size

1250-518: The Greater Honolulu Area. Hilo is in the District of South Hilo. The city overlooks Hilo Bay and has views of two shield volcanoes , Mauna Loa , an active volcano , and Mauna Kea , a dormant volcano . The Hilo bay-front has been destroyed by tsunamis twice. The majority of human settlement in Hilo stretches from Hilo Bay to Waiākea-Uka , on the flanks of the volcanoes. Hilo is home to

1300-603: The House of Nobles) became an elected body in 1887, he served in it from 1888 to 1892. He was appointed as Minister of the Interior from November 8, 1892, to January 12, 1893. A few days later the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii ended the monarchy. The upper house of the legislature then became the senate of the Republic of Hawaii where he was elected through 1898. After World War I, when

1350-509: The Year About Hawaii, is set in Hilo. County seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada ,

1400-432: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

1450-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

1500-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

1550-592: The east coast of the island of Hawaiʻi , now divided into the District of South Hilo and the District of North Hilo. When William Ellis visited in 1823, the main settlement there was Waiākea on the south shore of Hilo Bay . Missionaries came to the district in the early-to-middle 19th century, founding Haili Church . Hilo expanded as sugar plantations in the surrounding area created jobs and drew in many workers from Asia . For example, by 1887, 26,000 Chinese workers worked in Hawai'i's sugar cane plantations, one of which

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1600-484: The failure of people to heed warning sirens. Low-lying bayfront areas of the city on Waiākea peninsula and along Hilo Bay, previously populated, were rededicated as parks and memorials. Hilo expanded inland beginning in the 1960s. The downtown found a new role in the 1980s as the city's cultural center with several galleries and museums opening; the Palace Theater reopened in 1998 as an arthouse cinema . Closure of

1650-480: The family moved to teach at a similar school at the Waiʻoli Mission near Hanalei, Hawaii , on the northern coast of the island of Kauaʻi . There he had four more brothers, although one died young. He graduated from Punahou School 1850–1860, and worked for Samuel Gardner Wilder loading a shipload of guano from Jarvis Island . He then attended Yale from 1860 to 1862, where he studied civil engineering in

1700-454: The first Hilo inhabitants arrived, bringing with them Polynesian knowledge and traditions. Although archaeological evidence is scant, oral history has many references to people living in Hilo, along the Wailuku and Wailoa rivers during the time of ancient Hawaii . Oral history gives the meaning of Hilo as "to twist". Originally, the name "Hilo" applied to a district encompassing much of

1750-577: The following unincorporated towns and localities: There are locations inland along State Highway 200 including Mauna Kea mountain road, Puu Huluhulu , and others. In the District of South Hilo, along State Highway 19, are the following unincorporated towns and localities: Along State Highway 11 are: There are other locations. Along State Highway 200 and its extension are: There are other locations. Jasmin Iolani Hakes' 2023 book Hula: A Novel , which won Honolulu magazine's award for Book of

1800-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

1850-498: The restoration of the Waiʻoli and Grove Farm houses into museums. Wilcox Health and George Norton Wilcox Memorial Hospital are named for him; hospital founder Mabel Wilcox was a nurse and commissioner of public health. The Grove Farm Company (incorporated in 1922) was kept in the family until it was sold to Stephen McConnell Case in 2000. Hilo Hilo / ˈ h iː l oʊ / ( Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈhilo] )

1900-409: The shore of the funnel-shaped Hilo Bay also makes it vulnerable to tsunamis . See or edit raw graph data . As of the census of 2020, 44,186 people lived in 16,225 households in the census-designated place. The population density was 796.7 inhabitants per square mile (307.6/km ). The 16,905 housing units reflected an average density of 311.3 per square mile (120.2/km ) in 2010 (No update on

1950-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

2000-497: The sugar plantations (including those in Hāmākua ) during the 1990s hurt the local economy, coinciding with a general statewide slump. Hilo in recent years has seen commercial and population growth. Hilo is on the eastern and windward side of the island. It is classified by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP), and has a total area of 58.3 square miles (151.0 km ), 53.4 square miles (138.3 km ) of which

2050-520: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

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2100-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2150-607: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

2200-559: The wet mountains to the sugarcane fields, an idea later copied by many other planters. He continued to grow the farm, and invest in related enterprises, such as other plantations on other islands, a guano fertilizer company of his own, and the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company . In 1880 he was elected to the house of representatives of the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom . When the upper house (known as

2250-607: The world. An average of around 126.72 inches (3,220 mm) of rain fell at Hilo International Airport annually between 1981 and 2010, with 272 days of the year receiving some rain. Rainfall in Hilo varies with altitude, with more at higher elevations. At some weather stations in upper Hilo the annual rainfall is above 200 inches (5,100 mm). Monthly mean temperatures range from 71.2 °F (21.8 °C) in February to 76.4 °F (24.7 °C) in August. The highest recorded temperature

2300-406: Was 2.71. The age distribution was 21.1% under age 18, 4.5% under age 5, and 21.10% 65 or older. The percent of females are 51.1%. The median household income on the 2020 census was $ 70,356, and the per capita income was $ 34,678. 16.1% of the population is under the poverty line. Hilo is served by Hilo International Airport , where Hawaiian Airlines , and Southwest Airlines operate. Hilo

2350-473: Was 94 °F (34 °C) on May 20, 1996, and the lowest 53 °F (12 °C) on February 21, 1962. The wettest year was 1994 with 182.81 inches (4,643.4 mm), and the driest was 1983, with 68.09 inches (1,729.5 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 50.82 inches (1,290.8 mm) in December 1954. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 27.24 inches (691.9 mm) on November 2, 2000. Hilo's location on

2400-480: Was developed at the invitation of the Hawaii Chamber of Commerce following the collapse of the sugar cane industry. Hilo is served by KWXX (94.7FM Hilo/101.5FM Kona), B93/B97 (93.1FM Kona/97.1FM Hilo), The Wave (KHBC 92.7FM Hilo), and KPUA (970AM Hilo) radio stations. Public Access television is provided through Nā Leo TV . The Hawaii Tribune-Herald , of Oahu Publications Inc., a subsidiary of Black Press ,

2450-408: Was historically based on the sugar plantations of its surrounding areas, prior to their closure in the 1990s. While Hilo has a fairly significant tourism sector, it gets less than half the annual visitors as the western coast of the Big Island, which has much sunnier weather and significantly less rain, with sandy and swimmable beaches and numerous major resorts. A main source of tourism in Hilo

2500-573: Was the Hilo Sugar Mill. At that time, the Hilo Sugar Mill produced 3,500 tons of sugar annually. A breakwater across Hilo Bay was begun in the first decade of the 20th century and completed in 1929. On April 1, 1946, an 8.6-magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands created a 46-foot-high (14 m) tsunami that hit Hilo 4.9 hours later, killing 159 total in the islands, with 96 deaths in Hilo alone. In response, an early warning system,

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