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21-629: Genuine Risk was a chestnut filly bred in Kentucky by Sally Humphrey. She was sired by Exclusive Native , a top-class track performer who was even better as a breeding stallion, siring the Triple Crown winner Affirmed . Her dam Virtuous was descended from the British broodmare Iona, a half-sister to Ocean Swell and the grandmother of Tomy Lee . The first filly to win the Kentucky Derby was Regret who won

42-527: A chestnut colt by Rahy in 1993, and Count Our Blessing, a chestnut colt by Chief Honcho foaled in 1996. Neither colt ever raced. Genuine Reward went to stud in 1997, sired 47 horses with 13 winners, and was in Wyoming until July 2015 when he was moved to Old Friends Equine in Georgetown, Kentucky , due to the philanthropic efforts of author Laura Hillenbrand. He died in 2018 at the age of 25. Count Our Blessing

63-556: Is best known as the sire of Triple Crown winner Affirmed , who helped Exclusive Native become the leading sire in North America of 1978 and 1979. Exclusive Native was a chestnut horse sired by Raise a Native out of Exclusive. Foaled in Florida , the chestnut colt was bred and owned by Louis Wolfson's Harbor View Farm. Exclusive Native won four races from thirteen starts, and his earnings totaled $ 169,013. Two of his wins included

84-418: Is caused by one of two recessive alleles at the extension locus (genetics) . Extension has three known alleles: the wildtype "E", necessary for the bay and black coat colors, plus two mutations "e" and "e ", both of which are capable of causing the chestnut color. Each individual horse has two copies of the extension gene. If either copy is "E", then the horse will be bay- or black-based. But if

105-423: Is considered a "base color" in the discussion of equine coat color genetics. Additional coat colors based on chestnut are often described in terms of their relationship to chestnut: Combinations of multiple dilution genes do not always have consistent names. For example, "dunalinos" are chestnuts with both the dun gene and one copy of the cream gene . The chestnut or sorrel color, genetically considered "red",

126-462: Is found on chromosome 3 (ECA3) and is part of the gene that codes for the equine melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). This receptor is part of a signalling pathway which when activated causes melanocytes to produce eumelanin , or black pigment, instead of pheomelanin , or red pigment. The two mutant alleles "e" and "e " code for dysfunctional receptors unable to activate this pathway, so absent "E", only red pigment can be produced. At least one copy of

147-445: Is one of the most common horse coat colors , seen in almost every breed of horse. Chestnut is a very common coat color but the wide range of shades can cause confusion. The lightest chestnuts may be mistaken for palominos , while the darkest shades can be so dark they appear black . Chestnuts have dark brown eyes and black skin, and typically are some shade of red or reddish brown. The mane, tail, and legs may be lighter or darker than

168-411: Is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production and release of melanin in skin and hair. Red hair color in horses ("e") is created by a missense mutation in the code for MC1R, which results in a protein that cannot bind to MSH. When only mutant copies ("e) of the gene are available, non-functional MC1R proteins are produced. As a result, no black pigment is deposited into the hair and

189-505: The Arlington Million Stakes , Sabona, Life's Hope and Valdez. The 2015 U.S. Triple Crown winner, American Pharoah , has Exclusive Native as a member of his fourth generation. Chestnut (coat) Chestnut is a hair coat color of horses consisting of a reddish-to-brown coat with a mane and tail the same or lighter in color than the coat. Chestnut is characterized by the absolute absence of true black hairs. It

210-695: The Sanford Stakes in 1967 and the Arlington Classic in 1968. He was also second in the Saratoga Special, Arlington-Washington Futurity and Swaps Handicap, and third in the Hopeful Stakes. Notwithstanding his strong racing record, he is best remembered as the sire of two U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductees: Affirmed and Genuine Risk . Affirmed won the American Triple Crown in 1978 and

231-404: The 1915 Derby 65 years earlier. Genuine Risk was the second in 1980. Since then, the filly Winning Colors won in 1988. Ridden by Jacinto Vásquez , Genuine Risk finished second in a very controversial Preakness Stakes , after being bumped and carried wide by the winner Codex , after Codex threw a cross-body block at Genuine Risk, and after Codex's jockey Ángel Cordero Jr. hit Genuine Risk in

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252-492: The annual Hunt Country Stable Tour, on what was to be her last public appearance. At the age of 31, she died in her paddock at the Firestone family's Virginia -based Newstead Farm on Monday, August 18, 2008. Legend – ₩ = Triple Crown winners, ♥ = Filly Exclusive Native Exclusive Native (April 17, 1965 – May 10, 1983) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Sanford Stakes and Arlington Classic . He

273-514: The body coat, but unlike the bay they are never truly black. Like any other color of horse, chestnuts may have pink skin with white hair where there are white markings , and if such white markings include one or both eyes, the eyes may be blue. Chestnut foals may be born with pinkish skin, which darkens shortly afterwards. Chestnut is produced by a recessive gene. Unlike many coat colors, chestnut can be true-breeding; that is, assuming they carry no recessive modifiers like pearl or mushroom ,

294-411: The entire coat is red-based. However, the skin of chestnut horses is still generally black, unless affected by other genes. Some chestnut foals are also born with lighter eyes and lightened skin, which darken not long after birth. This is not the same as the blue eyes and pink skin seen at birth in foals carrying the champagne gene . It is a genetic mechanism not fully understood, but may be related to

315-600: The face with his whip but didn't get disqualified. Genuine Risk also finished second in the Belmont Stakes to Temperence Hill . The only other filly to compete in all of the triple crown legs was Winning Colors in 1988, who won the Kentucky Derby, placed 3rd in the Preakness Stakes, and 6th in the Belmont Stakes. Genuine Risk's first mating was to the Triple Crown winner Secretariat in 1982. While in Kentucky she

336-477: The functional "E" allele is required to activate the signal and produce black pigment. In general, alleles that create fully functional MC1R proteins are inherited dominantly and result in a black-based coat color ("E"), while mutated alleles that create "dysfunctional" MC1R are recessive and result in a lighter coat color ("e"). Normally MC1R would bind to the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) which

357-946: The mating between two chestnuts will produce chestnut offspring every time. This can be seen in breeds such as the Suffolk Punch and Haflinger , which are exclusively chestnut. Other breeds including the American Belgian Draft and Budyonny are predominantly chestnut. However, a chestnut horse need not have two chestnut parents. This is especially apparent in breeds like the Friesian horse and Ariegeois pony which have been selected for many years to be uniformly black , but on rare occasions still produce chestnut foals. Chestnuts can vary widely in shade and different terms are sometimes used to describe these shades, even though they are genetically indistinguishable. Collectively, these coat colors are usually called "red" by geneticists. Chestnut

378-445: The two copies are any combination of "e" and "e " (e/e, e/e , or e /e ), then the horse will be red-based. Alternate extension "e " is rare and there is no known difference in appearance between it and the more common "e". Because the red color is recessive, two bay or black parents can produce a chestnut foal if both carry "e" or "e ". However, two chestnut parents cannot produce a bay or black foal. The extension locus (genetics)

399-552: Was Horse of the Year in both 1978 and 1979, helping Exclusive Native become the leading sire in North America for both those years. In 1980, Genuine Risk became one of only three fillies to ever win the Kentucky Derby . Exclusive Native sired many other stakes winners as well, including Champion 2-year-old filly Outstandingly and Champion 2-year-old colt Puerto RicoProdigo, as well as many Grade 1 Stakes winners like Mill Native, winner of

420-564: Was boarded at Waterford Farm but foaled at the Firestone's Catoctin Stud in Virginia. The resulting foal expected in 1983 would have made history as the first offspring of two Kentucky Derby winners. Genuine Risk, however, delivered a stillborn colt due to dystocia during foaling. Though scheduled to be bred to Nijinsky II in 1983, she was rebred to Secretariat without success. Over the next 17 years, she produced only two living foals: Genuine Reward,

441-766: Was eventually gelded and became a show horse under the name of Westley. Genuine Risk was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1986. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century , she is ranked #91. Retired from breeding in 2000 after losing several foals or failing to conceive , Genuine Risk spent the rest of her life at the Firestone's Newstead Farm in Upperville, Virginia . During Memorial Day Weekend in 2007, several hundred visitors visited Genuine Risk at Newstead during

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