GasGas Motorcycles is a Spanish motorcycle manufacturer specialising in off-road and trial bikes . The company was founded in 1985 in Salt, Girona , Catalonia , by Narcìs Casas and Josep Pibernat after the closure of the original Bultaco factory, where they previously worked.
83-550: GasGas was established to focus on trial motorcycles, leveraging the founders' experience and the local culture of motorcycle trials in Catalonia. The first models, such as the Halley, helped GasGas gain a foothold in the trial market. The brand expanded its product line to include enduro and motocross bikes, meeting the growing demand for diverse off-road motorcycles. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, GasGas solidified its position in
166-612: A solid rear axle with no differential ). In 1988, the All-terrain Vehicle Safety Institute (ASI) was formed to provide training and education for ATV riders. The cost of attending the training is minimal and is free for purchasers of new machines that fall within the correct age and size guidelines. Successful completion of a safety training class is, in many states, a minimum requirement for minors to be granted permission to ride on public land. Some states have had to implement their own safety training programs, as
249-525: A 10-year moratorium on production, and to collectively financing a + US$ 100 million ATV safety campaign. Despite the moratorium lifting, manufacturers did not return to the ATC market, focusing instead on four-wheeled ATVs. A ban on sales of new or used three-wheelers and a recall of all remaining three-wheelers was proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics . These safety issues with three-wheel ATCs caused
332-514: A 1970 Model. Variations would be popularized in the James Bond movie, Diamonds Are Forever and TV shows such as Doctor Who , Magnum, P.I. and Hart to Hart . In 1973, Honda trademarked the term " All Terrain Cycle " (ATC), applying it to all Honda's three-wheeled ATVs; it became a universal name associated with all vehicles of this type. It was directly influenced by earlier 6-wheeled AATVs of
415-508: A 64 km/h (40 mph) crash. The UK Department for Transport concluded that there were serious safety concerns when the REVA was crashed at 35 mph (56 km/h). After consultation with stakeholders including farmers and quad cycle manufacturers, Australia's Heads of Workplace Safety Authorities (HWSA) in 2011 released a strategy intended to reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with quad-bike use. The development of
498-542: A category B (car) or B1 (motor vehicles with 4 wheels up to 400 kg unladen or 550 kg if designed for carrying goods) licence. In the United Kingdom, the safety issues of cars classed as quad cycles are illustrated by the case of the G-Wiz ( REVAi ). The electric microcar was given a Euro NCAP specification test, and the results showed that the vehicle's occupants would suffer "serious or life-threatening" injuries in
581-588: A category of off-road racing that is known as rally racing or rally raid . In addition to rallying and rally raids , there are other off-road races that are very similar to enduros but that vary in that they are not necessarily timekeeping events and in that they are often sanctioned by other bodies than the primary enduro sanctioning bodies. One example in the USA is the Grand National Cross Country , which more closely resembles hare scrambles , such as
664-448: A certain minute. The object of the event is to arrive at pre-defined checkpoints according to a strict schedule. Early or late arrivals result in the riders' scores being penalized. Throughout a day there will also be allocated periods for refuelling and servicing the machine. Penalties apply for not meeting defined times or for outside-assistance when not permitted. There are two different types of events – enduros and rallies . Within
747-419: A flipping and steering hazard under acceleration and on inclines. Lateral rollovers may also occur when traversing steep inclines. ATCs require unique techniques to ride properly, and turning lean requires more exaggeration than ATVs; Throttle steering is another technique commonly used on ATCs in soft terrain and at high speeds, leaning to the inside of the turn and manipulating the throttle to break traction with
830-711: A form of horseless carriage for road use. The term "ATV" was originally coined to refer to non-straddle ridden, typically six-wheeled, amphibious ATVs , such as the Jiger produced by the Jiger Corporation, the Amphicat produced by Mobility Unlimited Inc, and the Terra Tiger produced by the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company in the mid-1960s and early 1970s. With the introduction of straddle ridden ATVs,
913-518: A full-frame 'cage' around the operator were not only ineffective, but could add to the risk to injury or death. In February 2012, the Melbourne-based Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR) published a paper which criticised the research claims of the manufacturers in relation to crush protection devices. The paper reviewed research in a number of countries since 1993 in relation to rollover protection and found that
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#1732855415248996-452: A lawyer for the ATV industry, had distorted the statistics and prevented further debate. The United States government maintains a website about the safety of ATVs where safety tips are provided, such as not driving ATVs with a passenger (passengers make it difficult or impossible for the driver to shift their weight, as required to drive an ATV) or not driving ATVs on paved roads (ATVs usually have
1079-558: A light and fast ATV. Shortly after the introduction of the Banshee in 1987, Suzuki released the LT500R QuadRacer. This unique quad was powered by a 500 cc liquid-cooled two-stroke engine with a five-speed transmission. This ATV earned the nickname "Quadzilla" with its remarkable amount of speed and size. While there are claims of 100+ mph (160 km/h) stock Quadzillas, it was officially recorded by 3&4 Wheel Action magazine as reaching
1162-540: A mandatory consumer product safety standard a specified American National Standard for four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles developed by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America. Makes it unlawful for any manufacturer or distributor to import or distribute any new all-terrain vehicle unless: (1) the vehicle complies with the standard, is subject to an all-terrain vehicle action plan, and bears a label certifying such compliance and certain other information; and (2)
1245-403: A maximum speed of up to approximately 70 mph (110 km/h). They can haul small loads on attached racks or small dump beds, and tow small trailers. Due to the different weights, each has advantages on different types of terrain. A popular model is Yamaha's Raptor 700, which has a nearly 700 cc four-stroke engine. Six-wheel models often have a small dump bed, with an extra set of wheels at
1328-410: A motorcycle for trail use which had the word enduro as a badge on its side panels. The World Enduro Championship and several other championships currently categorize enduro motorcycles into three classes; Enduro 1 (100–125 cc two-stroke or 175–250 cc four-stroke), Enduro 2 (175–250 cc two-stroke or 290–450 cc four-stroke) and Enduro 3 (290–500 cc two-stroke or 475–650 cc four-stroke). Major events in
1411-560: A part of Pierer Mobility, acquired a significant stake in GasGas. This acquisition brought financial stability and resources, allowing GasGas to expand its product offerings and integrate KTM's advanced technologies and manufacturing capabilities. In 2020 Rieju acquired the Gas Gas off-road platform, continuing production of the enduro models under the Rieju "MR" name. In 1993, GasGas succeeded in luring
1494-912: A particular terrain can also play a vital role in preventing injuries. Fatal accidents typically occur when the vehicle rolls over. Wearing a helmet can reduce the risk of death by 42% and the risk of nonfatal head injury by 64%. In the United States, statistics released by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) show that in 2016-2020, an estimated 526,900 emergency department treated injuries were associated with off-highway vehicles (an annual average of 105,400), and up to half of these injuries involved children and youth under age 25. From 2016-2018, 1591 people died in ATV-associated incidents, with 28% involving children and youth under age 25. Focus has shifted to machine size balanced with
1577-984: A shift in the buying public, as the sales of later four-wheel ATV models grew rapidly. While three-wheel models ended production in 1987, agreements between the major manufacturers and the US U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission to officially cease production and finance safety campaigns moved forward. While the lighter weight of ATCs made them popular with certain riders, manufacturers continued to focus on ATV production. US Public Law 110-314, enacted on August 8, 2008, separated ATCs from existing new production ATV safety standards, and requires new standards for three-wheeled ATCs to be drafted. This effectively suspended importation of three-wheeled ATCs, until new standards of safety can be drafted. As of 2020, such standards have not been drafted. While search engines can find informal information suggesting major Japanese manufacturers pressed for this measure due to an influx of inexpensive Chinese ATCs in
1660-528: A single operator, but some ATVs, referred to as tandem ATVs, have been developed for use by the driver and one passenger. The rider sits on and operates these vehicles like a motorcycle, but the extra wheels give more stability at slower speeds. Although most are equipped with three or four wheels, six or eight wheel (tracked) models exist and existed historically for specialized applications. Multiple-user analogues with side-by-side seating are called utility terrain vehicles (UTVs) or side-by-sides to distinguish
1743-514: A top speed of over 79 mph (127 km/h) in a high-speed shootout in its 1988 June issue, making it the fastest production four-wheeled ATV ever produced. Suzuki discontinued the production of the LT500R in 1990 after just four years. At the same time, the development of utility ATVs was rapidly escalating. The 1986 Honda FourTrax TRX350 4x4 ushered in the era of four-wheel-drive ATVs. Other manufacturers quickly followed suit, and 4x4s have remained
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#17328554152481826-504: A trophy winner and competitor to big-bore ATVs. Kawasaki responded with its Tecate-4 250. The TRX250R was very similar to the ATC250R it eventually replaced and is often considered one of the greatest sport ATVs ever built. In 1987, Yamaha Motor Company introduced a different type of high-performance machine, the Banshee 350 , which featured a twin-cylinder liquid-cooled two-stroke motor from
1909-538: A variety of terrains and competitive enduro racing. The FSE and FSR are the fuel injected, four-stroke enduro bikes similar in appearance to the EC models. In 2007–2009, the company standardised the colour red for all displacements and models. As of the 2010 model year, all standard EC models are black with red and white accents. The "Six Days" edition uses white plastics with red, yellow, and black accents. The "Racing" models are white with black and yellow accents. GasGas
1992-506: Is a form of motorcycle sport run on extended cross-country, off-road courses. Enduro consists of many different obstacles and challenges. The main type of enduro event, and the format to which the World Enduro Championship is run, is a time-card enduro, whereby a number of stages are raced in a time trial against the clock. In a traditional time-keeping enduro, riders leave together in groups or rows, and each row starts at
2075-414: Is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, has a seat that is straddled by the operator, and has handlebars. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. It is street-legal in some countries, but not in most states, territories and provinces of Australia, the United States, and Canada. By the current ANSI definition, ATVs are intended for use by
2158-499: Is needed to promote safety measures in enduro and to reduce risk factors of injury which in turn can help to make enduro a safe alternative to the other dangerous motorcycling sports.” All-terrain vehicles An all-terrain vehicle ( ATV ), also known as a light utility vehicle ( LUV ), a quad bike or quad (if it has four wheels), as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
2241-412: Is notable for being the fastest consumer ATC available, with tested top speeds of +80 mph from the stock 42 horsepower (31.3 kW)@6500rpm engine and 5 speed gearbox. With final drive gearing changes, the ATC could exceed 100 mph. However, due to the rarity of the machines the brand never became well-known, and as all Tiger Models were custom-ordered and built to the buyer's specifications for
2324-586: Is renowned for its trial bikes, which are designed for agility and precision. The TXT series is among the most popular, featuring lightweight frames, powerful engines, and advanced suspension systems. These motorcycles are designed to excel in the intricate and challenging environments typical of trial riding. The motocross range includes the MC series, designed for high-performance racing on motocross tracks. These motorcycles are equipped with powerful engines, lightweight frames, and advanced shock absorption technology to handle
2407-613: The 2022 edition . GasGas bikes are currently imported into many countries in Europe and around the world, including Australia , New Zealand , Canada , South America , South Africa and the United States . GasGas Motorcycles's enduro lineup includes models like the EC and EX series, which are built for long-distance off-road riding. These bikes feature robust engines, durable construction, and advanced suspension systems, making them suitable for
2490-582: The 350X Sport ATC, their largest displacement machine, in 1985. But the bulk of their sales were the 200cc line, offering six models and selling over 500,000 units in 3 years. Honda's response to the Tecate and Tri-Z, the liquid cooled 1985 and 1986 ATC250R, remains one of the most desirable ATCs of the era, and aftermarket support still follows the machine. Main articles: Tiger ATV LTD and Polaris Scrambler 250R/es American-based manufacturers also produced ATCs in this period, albeit in small numbers. Polaris offered
2573-626: The Wild HP brand and come in two-stroke and fuel-injected four-stroke models. Before 2007, the Wild HP line of quads was available in a choice of blue or red regardless of displacement. Beginning in 2007 the Wild HP line standardized to black. GasGas motorcycles have achieved significant success in various off-road competitions. The brand's trial bikes have won numerous world championships, and its enduro and motocross bikes have also earned accolades in international competitions. Riders sponsored by GasGas consistently perform at high levels, contributing to
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2656-491: The World Enduro Championship . Paul Edmondson won the 125cc world championship in 1994 and the 250cc class in 1996, Petteri Silván the 250cc and the overall championship in 1999, and Petri Pohjamo the 125cc class in 2003. In 2006, British Enduro Champion Wayne Braybrook, riding a GasGas, was one of only two riders to finish all 80 miles of the Red Bull Last Man Standing event. 126 other riders did not finish
2739-644: The ASI program cannot include those riders with ATVs outside of the age and size guidelines, which may still fall within the states' laws. From January 1, 2019, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission updated ATV lighting requirements, requiring all categories of ATVs to be equipped with a stop lamp and side reflectors similar to those required on passenger cars. In industry, agriculture workers are disproportionately at risk for ATV accidents. Most fatalities occur in white men over
2822-564: The American market, no official documentation or cited sources support these claims. Currently, all manufacturers not based in the US are restricted from the manufacture and sale of new Three-Wheeled All Terrain Cycles, until safety standards can be implemented. Below is a summary of Section 232, which effects the ATC ban. (Sec. 232) Requires the CPSC, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to establish as
2905-548: The Austrian Erzberg Rodeo than Enduros, but is on a shorter course of perhaps a few miles/kilometers in length that is repeated for several laps. GNCC is famous for the high level of ATV (four-wheeled off-road vehicles) competition in addition to motorcycle competition. Endurocross or indoor enduro is a variation of enduro held indoors. Riders must complete as quick as possible a course with obstacles similar to those in enduro. Khanna et al. (2015) reviewed
2988-595: The RD350LC street motorcycle. Heavier and more difficult to ride in the dirt than the 250s, the Banshee became a popular machine with sand dune riders thanks to its unique power delivery. The Banshee remains popular, but 2006 is the last year it was available in the U.S. (due to EPA emissions regulations); it remained available in Canada until 2008 and in Australia until 2012. The Warrior 350 was introduced in 1987 and went on for years as
3071-568: The Scrambler in 1985 and 1986, producing appx 1600 units. Speciality manufacturer Tiger ATV also produced a range of ATCs, but their liquidation in 1991 left no official record of how many units were produced. The collector ATV market estimates vary drastically, from 300 to as many as 1000 units total production. Tiger ATCs were offered for three years, with models using 80 to 500 cc (0.0800 to 0.500 L; 4.88 to 30.5 cu in) two-stroke engines provided by KTM and Rotax . The Tiger 500
3154-500: The Tiger 500, the largest displacement ATC produced commercially. While Kawasaki and Yamaha both produced utility ATCs, famously making the KLT 250 Police and Yamahauler respectively, Suzuki turned their attention to building Sport Quads. Honda continued to diversify their line-up (at peak offering 10 distinct models), releasing the larger, fully suspended 250 cc Big Red utility ATC, and introduced
3237-557: The Tri-Moto YZ125. Kawasaki followed suit the next year with the KLT200, while Suzuki produced their first model, the ALT125, in 1982. As the popularity of ATCs increased dramatically, rapid development ensued. The ability to go anywhere on terrain that most other vehicles could not cross soon made them popular with US and Canadian hunters. As other manufacturers were entering the market, Honda
3320-458: The Tricart patents and design rights to Sperry-Rand New Holland who manufactured them commercially. Numerous small American manufacturers of 3-wheelers followed. These small manufacturers were unable to compete when larger motorcycle companies like Honda entered the market in 1969. Honda introduced their first sit-on straddle-ridden three-wheeled all-terrain vehicle in 1969, known as a US90 , as
3403-591: The US the rally format has greatly grown in popularity and is referred to as an "enduro" in many cases. The AMA National Enduro Series has used a similar format since 2007, referred to as "start-control / restart enduros". This format is believed to be more accessible for new riders by reducing the complexity of the race format in addition to making scoring easier for organizers. Rallies and enduros share two pronounced qualities; they are usually lengthy compared to most forms of motorsport racing and they cover varying off-road terrain, usually without repeating any section of
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3486-410: The US. The ECEA has multiple classes divided by bike type and rider demographic that allow a qualified rider to choose a class to compete in. Each skill class (A, B, C) is divided into sub-classes depending on machine type, rider age, and gender. Some examples include "C 4-stroke," "C-Veteran (30+)," "B 2-Stroke Light," "B 2-Stroke Heavy," "Women's", etc... Generally speaking, there are rewards at both
3569-515: The United Kingdom that is synonymous with off-road rally) such as the Dakar Rally . An enduro motorcycle is specialized for the nature of the sport, with the deep suspension of a motocross bike combined with the features required to make it legal for the public road portions of the course. Engines are generally single-cylinder two-stroke between 125 and 300 cm (cc), or four-stroke between 250 and 650 cm (cc). In 1973 Yamaha introduced
3652-531: The World Enduro Champion. The best enduro riders from around the world come to compete in hare scrambles, hard enduros, and enduro cross, classic enduros, etc. Red Bull covers the series on youtube and a WESS website is updated with the events schedule each year. The International Six Days Enduro (ISDE) has been held since 1913, and it is the oldest off-road event in the FIM calendar. The event brings together
3735-737: The age of 16 should not ride ATVs. In the United States, about 40,000 children under age 16 are treated in emergency departments for ATV-related injuries each year. A Canadian study stated that "associated injury patterns, severity, and costs to the healthcare system" of pediatric injuries associated to ATVs resemble those caused by motor vehicles, and that public policies should reflect this. Helmets are underutilized and result in Glasgow Coma Scale scores in children presenting from ATV accidents being similar to those in motorcycle accidents. The Consumer Product Safety Commission met in March 2005 to discuss
3818-444: The age of 55. ATV's have the ability to be officially street legal and can be used on at least certain roads in 21 states, requirements vary by state however. A "quad" is recognised by UK law as a vehicle with four wheels and a mass of less than 550 kg (1,210 lb). A quad cycle to be used on a public road in the UK must be taxed, insured and registered, and the driver must have
3901-550: The back to increase the payload capacity. They can be either four-wheel-drive (back wheels driving only), or six-wheel-drive. In 2011 LandFighter was founded, "the first Dutch/European ATV brand". Most production is in Taiwan, to European standards ; the ATVs are finally assembled in the Netherlands. Safety helmets , mandatory in some jurisdictions, provide the rider with some protection in
3984-419: The best riders to represent their national team, and it is often referred to as the "World Cup of Enduro" or the "Olympics of Motorcycling". The American Motorcycle Association is the primary sanctioning body for motorcycle races of all types in the United States of America. AMA series are often analogous to FIM series. The East Coast Enduro Association is one of the most prominent organizers of enduro races in
4067-607: The brand's reputation for excellence in off-road motorcycling. In both 2023 and 2024, Gas Gas won the premier class of the Motocross World Championship with Spanish rider Jorge Prado (motocross racer) . Starting from the 2022 season, GasGas is the sponsor working with the Aspar Team in the Moto2 world championship and uses the name GasGas Aspar Team. The partnership concluded at the end of 2023 season as Aspar will carry
4150-2137: The branding of Pierer-owned CFMoto in 2024 season. After being acquired by KTM , GasGas entered the Moto3 World Championship as a unique constructor using their KTM-based RC250GP . 1949 Mondial 1950 Mondial 1951 Mondial 1952 MV Agusta 1953 MV Agusta 1954 NSU * 1955 MV Agusta 1956 MV Agusta 1957 Mondial 1958 MV Agusta 1959 MV Agusta 1960 MV Agusta 1961 Honda 1962 Honda 1963 Suzuki 1964 Honda 1965 Suzuki 1966 Honda 1967 Yamaha 1968 Yamaha 1969 Kawasaki 1970 Suzuki 1971 Derbi 1972 Derbi 1973 Yamaha 1974 Yamaha 1975 Morbidelli 1976 Morbidelli 1977 Morbidelli 1978 Minarelli 1979 Minarelli 1980 Minarelli 1981 Minarelli 1982 Garelli 1983 MBA 1984 Garelli 1985 MBA 1986 Garelli 1987 Garelli 1988 Derbi 1989 Honda 1990 Honda 1991 Honda 1992 Honda 1993 Honda 1994 Honda 1995 Honda 1996 Aprilia 1997 Aprilia 1998 Honda 1999 Honda 2000 Honda 2001 Honda 2002 Aprilia 2003 Aprilia 2004 Aprilia 2005 KTM 2006 Aprilia 2007 Aprilia 2008 Aprilia 2009 Aprilia 2010 Derbi 2011 Aprilia 2012 KTM 2013 KTM 2014 KTM 2015 Honda 2016 KTM 2017 Honda 2018 Honda 2019 Honda 2020 Honda 2021 KTM 2022 Gas Gas 2023 KTM 2024 CFMoto Enduro Enduro
4233-443: The case of an accident. Safety courses and educational literature reduced the number and severity of accidents among ATC and ATV riders. As cornering is more challenging on a three-wheel ATC than with a four-wheeled machine, properly leaning into the turn is required to counterbalance the weight and keep the machine stable. Careless operators may roll over at high speeds. The lighter front-end and smaller footprint of ATCs present both
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#17328554152484316-409: The classes of vehicle. Both classes tend to have similar powertrain parts. Engine sizes of ATVs for sale in the United States as of 2008 ranged from 49 to 1,000 cc (3.0 to 61 cu in ). Royal Enfield built and sold the first powered four-wheeler in 1893. It had many bicycle components, including handlebars. The Royal Enfield resembles a modern ATV-style quad bike but was designed as
4399-510: The core features were retained. These were: a sophisticated long-travel suspension, a liquid-cooled, two-stroke motor, and a fully-manual five-speed transmission (for 1985–1986 models), and a six-speed transmission (for the '87–'92 models). It was a machine exclusively designed for racing by highly skilled riders. Honda responded a year later with the FourTrax TRX250R—a machine that has not been replicated until recently. It currently remains
4482-406: The dangers of ATVs. Data from 2004 showed 44,000 injuries and almost 150 fatalities in children while riding ATVs. In response to calls for further regulation, the CPSC's director of compliance, John Gibson Mullan, said that because the statistics were not rising, existing measures were working. The New York Times reported an accusation from a staff member that Mullan, who had previously worked as
4565-724: The enduro calendar include the World Enduro Championship (WEC), the International Six Days Enduro (ISDE) and several national championships. The world governing body for enduro is the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). In the United States, the national governing body is the American Motorcycle Association (AMA). In the United Kingdom, the national governing body is the Auto-Cycle Union . The World Enduro Championship (WEC)
4648-465: The enduro test. In the 2008 season , Honda 's Mika Ahola won the Enduro 1 class, Yamaha 's Johnny Aubert took the Enduro 2 class and KTM 's Samuli Aro won his fifth title in the Enduro 3 class. The World Enduro Super Series (WESS) is a championship started in 2018. All of the races in the series had been previously run as separate events, and this series brings in 11 races from around Europe to crown
4731-425: The event and season level for each sub-class (i.e., "I was the B 2-Stroke Light winner at this event..."). Classes include age brackets as high as 80+ (Legends class). The following is a list of bike classes: Because of the variety of awards that are possible, riders are sometimes accused of sandbagging . In addition to races and series sanctioned by national associations, a large number of events are also held at
4814-490: The event of a roll-over. When the report was released the only model of anti-crush protection on the market was the Australian-made "Quad bar", which was vigorously opposed by the industry through media activity and a poster campaign at regional events for farmers which are often used to showcase new products. The industry argued that the device had not been properly tested and that past studies of tractor-style ROPS such as
4897-494: The first quad ATV in 1980. They called it the Avenger 400. Prior to that, Adventure Vehicles made 3 wheel ATVs and a dump body utility 3 wheeler using Kohler 8 hp engines and Comet drive systems (Comet centrifugal belt-driven clutch, and a Comet forward, neutral, reverse transaxle, with a rigid rear axle or rear differential option.) The Avenger 400 was a rigid suspension vehicle with a fiberglass body and welded tube construction. It
4980-525: The industry's opposition to rollover protection could not be supported because of limitations in past research. It recommended further research on the topic and the development of research tools based on the use of ATV/quadbikes in Australian conditions. In most provinces, ATV users are required to register their vehicle and have a designated off-highway license plate. Some provinces, like Nova Scotia , recently moved to allow ATVs limited road shoulder usage for
5063-400: The international off-road motorcycle community, the term enduro traditionally refers specifically to time keeping events which require competitors to maintain a prescribed mile per hour average over varying terrain. Competitors are moderated by a series of secret time keeping checkpoints along the race course, and are penalized based on their arrival time to the checkpoints. Rallies , on
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#17328554152485146-636: The lack of protection due to the absence of a rigid cab. Modern ATVs were introduced in the early 1970s, with almost immediate alarming injury rates for children and adolescents. Based on analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank , ATVs are more dangerous than dirt bikes , possibly due to crush injuries and failure to wear safety gear such as helmets. They are as dangerous as motorcycles , based on mortality and injury scores. More children and women, who are less likely to wear helmets, are injured on ATVs. Many common injuries can be prevented with
5229-399: The literature on sports injuries in enduro riders, finding: "The extremities are the most injured parts in enduro. However, 98% of these injuries are mild to moderate". With only four studies on off-road motorcycle injuries, they concluded: “there is paucity of published data on enduro injuries. In depth understanding of the physiological aspect of enduro riders with close monitoring of injuries
5312-406: The local and regional level by smaller governing bodies. In the US these events closely resemble AMA sanctioned events, utilizing the same A, B, C skill classes. Many riders begin their racing careers at events such as these. The popularity of enduro varies widely by continent, country, region, and even by event type. Some popular events are loosely categorized as enduros even though they fall into
5395-482: The manufacturer or distributor is in compliance with the action plan. Prohibits the importation of new three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles until a mandatory consumer product safety standard applicable to three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles is in effect. Suzuki was a leader in the development of mass production four-wheeled ATVs. It sold the first model, the 1982 QuadRunner LT125, which was a recreational machine for beginners. Adventure Vehicles of Monroe, Louisiana made
5478-449: The most popular type of ATV ever since. These machines are popular with hunters, farmers, ranchers, and workers at construction sites. Models are divided into the sport and utility markets. Sport models are generally small, light, two-wheel-drive vehicles that accelerate quickly, have a manual transmission, and run at speeds up to approximately 80 mph (130 km/h). Utility models are generally bigger four-wheel-drive vehicles with
5561-558: The multiple world trials champion Jordi Tarrés away from Beta and he promptly won three successive world trials championships (1993, 1994 and 1995) for GasGas. More recently, GasGas won the Trial Outdoor World Championship twice (2005 and 2006) with Adam Raga . It has also won the Trial Indoor World Championship in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 with Raga riding. GasGas has also been successful in
5644-463: The off-road market. The company's trial bikes achieved significant competitive success, with numerous world championships won by riders such as Jordi Tarrés and Adam Raga . GasGas also invested in developing competitive enduro and motocross bikes, further expanding its presence in off-road motorsports. Despite its successes, GasGas faced financial difficulties in the 2010s, leading to insolvency in 2015. In 2019, Austrian motorcycle manufacturer KTM ,
5727-403: The other hand, are run on point to point courses where the competitor with the fastest time between the two points being declared the winner. Such courses may be shorter than the total length of the race, in which case the course is repeated several times, with each repetition being referred to as a lap. Such courses may also be very long such that competitors never cover the same ground twice. In
5810-437: The purpose of factory ATV racing, Polaris is generally known as the first American 'Production' ATV producer. Production of three-wheelers was voluntarily ceased by all manufacturers by 1987, in light of safety concerns, and ahead of any legislation. Though later studies showed that three-wheelers were not considered more unstable than four-wheelers (although accidents are equally severe in both classes), manufacturers agreed to
5893-456: The race. It was announced that GasGas would field a one rider team for the 2021 Monster Energy Supercross season. Justin Barcia rode the #51 Troy Lee Designs/Red Bull/GasGas Factory Racing team bike to a win in the season opener at Houston . The brand has competed in the Dakar Rally with Laia Sanz (2012 and 2021), Daniel Sanders (since 2022) and Sam Sunderland (since 2022). Sunderland won
5976-444: The rear tires, resulting in the machines turning on axis while maintaining a forward direction. Four-wheel quad cycles have a tendency to roll over, often injuring or killing the rider. Suitably designed roll bars can be fitted, which do not prevent the cycle from overturning, but prop it up, providing some protection for the rider. Safety has been a major issue with ATVs due to the many deaths and injuries associated with them and
6059-464: The report was closely followed by The Weekly Times newspaper and ABC television which reviewed the issue through its 7.30 program. Apart from encouraging of standard safety measures such as helmet-wearing, the strategy also recommend development of a national training curriculum, point of sale material for purchasers and, controversially, a recommendation that owners consider fitting an after-market anti-crush device which may offer added protection in
6142-482: The rigorous demands of motocross racing. In recent years, GasGas has also ventured into electric motorcycles with models like the TXE. These bikes offer environmentally friendly alternatives while maintaining the high performance and agility that GasGas is known for. The TXE, for example, features an electric motor designed to deliver smooth and controllable power, ideal for trial riding. The GasGas sport quads are sold under
6225-406: The sixties, and utilized balloon tires for both a low environmental impact and to compensate for a lack of mechanical suspension . Honda entered the 1980s with a virtual monopoly in the market, due to effective patents on design and engine placement. By 1980, other companies paid patent royalties to Honda to enter the lucrative ATC field with their own machines. Yamaha introduced their first ATC,
6308-522: The term AATV was introduced to define the original amphibious ATV category. The first three-wheeled ATV was the Sperry-Rand Tricart. It was designed in 1967 as a graduate project of John Plessinger at the Cranbrook Academy of Arts near Detroit. The Tricart was straddle-ridden with a sit-in rather than sit-on style (similar to the contemporaneous Big Wheel toy ). In 1968 Plessinger sold
6391-491: The terrain in the course of an event. Examples of such rallies include the Baja 500 and Baja 1000 , which are promoted and administered by SCORE International and are amongst the most well known long-distance off-road races. Off-road races that span multiple days and that have different types of stages, some that are timed and others that are not, are generally referred to as rallies (or rallyes) or rally raids (a term widely used in
6474-416: The usage of ATVs categorized by age ranges and engine displacements—in line with the consent decrees. ATVs are mandated to bear a label from the manufacturer stating that the use of machines greater than 90 cc by riders under the age of 12 is prohibited. This is a 'manufacturer/CPSC recommendation' and not necessarily state law. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the CPSC recommended that children under
6557-422: The use of proper protective equipment. Most ATV manufacturers recommend at least a suitable DOT-approved helmet, protective eyewear, gloves and suitable riding boots for all riding conditions. Sport or aggressive riders, or riders on challenging terrain (such as those rock crawling or hillclimbing ), may opt for a motocross -style chest protector and knee/shin guards for further protection. Use of tires suited to
6640-720: Was a rudimentary vehicle reminiscent of the Tote Gote of the 1960s. Suzuki sold the first four-wheeled mini ATV, the LT50, from 1984 to 1987. After the LT50, Suzuki sold the first ATV with a CVT transmission, the LT80, from 1987 to 2006. In 1985 Suzuki introduced to the industry the first high-performance four-wheel ATV, the Suzuki LT250R QuadRacer. This machine was in production for the 1985–1992 model years. During its production run, it underwent three major engineering makeovers. However,
6723-545: Was diversifying, offering the ATC250R , the first Sport ATC intended for competition, in 1981. The 1982 Honda ATC200E Big Red was a landmark model. It featured both suspension and racks, making it the first ATC designed specifically for utility, and would become the world's best-selling ATC. Honda followed that effort in 1983 with the ATC200X , an easy-to-handle 192 cc (0.192 L; 11.7 cu in) four-stroke Sport ATC that
6806-610: Was ideal for new riders. Not to be outdone, Kawasaki and Yamaha responded with their own Sport ATCs. 1984 saw the release of the Kawasaki KXT250 Tecate, and Yamaha followed in 1985 with the Tri-Z 250. Both were liquid Cooled 250 cc two-strokes capable of giving the Honda ATC250R competition. In response to growing market, American Specialty manufacturer Tiger also introduced a series of ATCs, hand-built-to-order models that included
6889-500: Was started in 1990, replacing the European Enduro Championship , which had been contested since 1968. The championship is run under the FIM and generally consists of around eight or nine Grands Prix spread around the globe. These events are split into two days (and two different races), from which points towards the world championship are awarded. Each round includes a motocross test and an "extreme test", in addition to
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