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28-407: Gaozhou is a county -level city in southwestern Guangdong Province , China. Formerly the primary city in the area, it is now administered as part of the prefecture -level city of Maoming . As of the 2020 census , Gaozhou had a population of 1,328,658 living in its 3,270.86 km (1,262.89 sq mi) territory, nevertheless its built-up (or metro) area is much smaller. The locals speak

56-623: A puppet state of the Empire of Japan , in the 1930s. Counties in multiple provinces were lost to the Chinese Soviet Republic in 1931, with most being recovered in 1934 before the Long March . Following the end of the Second World War in 1945, Manchuria was reincorporated as nine provinces and three municipalities, and Taiwan Province was created by annexing the island of Taiwan and

84-529: A local CCP committee. A county's is called the secretary ( 中共县委书记 ), the de facto highest office of the county. Policies are carried out via the people's government of the county, and its head is called the county governor ( 县长 ). The governor is often also one of the deputy secretaries in the CCP Committee. Administrative divisions of the Republic of China (1912%E2%80%931949) The Republic of China

112-479: A special class of counties in mainland China reserved for non- Han Chinese ethnic minorities . Autonomous counties are found all over China, and are given, by law, more legislative power than regular counties. There are 117 autonomous counties in mainland China. As the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is central to directing government policy in mainland China, every level of administrative division has

140-760: A variation of the Gaozhou dialect . It is best known in China for being the ancestral home of Leo Ku . Gaozhou is a historically important city in Guangdong . Under the Qing , it was the seat of Gaozhou Commandery , overseeing Dianbai , Huazhou , Maoming , "Sih-ching", Wuchuan , and Xinyi Counties . After the Chinese Civil War , it was placed under the administration of Maoming as Gaozhou County and then promoted to county-level city status in 1993. Administratively, Gaozhou

168-1528: Is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the provincial-level city Maoming in Guangdong Province. The city of Gaozhou consists of five districts (Panzhou, Shanmei, Baoguang, Shizailing, and Jinshan); the county includes another 23 towns. Gaozhou is located 420 km (260 mi) away from Shenzhen and Guangzhou , 450 km (280 mi) away from Hong Kong . County (China) Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present Counties ( simplified Chinese : 县 ; traditional Chinese : 縣 ; pinyin : Xiàn ) are found in

196-674: Is sometimes translated as " district " or " prefecture " when put in the context of Chinese history . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty ,

224-612: The Chinese Civil War and subsequent relocation to Taiwan in 1949, the jurisdiction of the ROC was restricted to only Taiwan , the Penghus , Hainan , and a few offshore islands of Fujian and Zhejiang . Hainan was captured by the People's Republic of China in May 1950, followed by the unrecognized Tibet in 1951 and Zhejiang in 1955. The remaining area is called the " Free area of the Republic of China " in

252-648: The Communist government and including Outer Mongolia (includes Tannu Uriankhai ), Jiangxinpo (northern Burma / Kachin State ), as part of the Republic. Until 1998, the authorities in Taiwan still published relevant maps. As of the ROC government suspends publication of relevant administrative codes in 2005, the nominal political divisions of the Republic were 35 provinces , 1 special administrative region , 2 regions, 18 special municipalities (adding Taipei and Kaohsiung to

280-580: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration have officially renounced claims to Mongolia in 2002. Although the administration of pro-independence President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008) did not actively claim sovereignty over all of China, the relevant laws involving mainland China ruled by the CCP remain unchanged. Thus, the claimed area of the ROC continues to include mainland China, several off-shore islands, and Taiwan. Beginning in 2006,

308-598: The mainland to the Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan in 1949, the Nationalist Party continued to regard the Republic of China as the internationally recognized sole legitimate government of China . The jurisdiction of the Republic was restricted to Taiwan , the Penghu , and a few islands off Fujian , but the Republic of China has never retracted its claim to mainland China. Moreover,

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336-414: The third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan , a level that is known as " county level " and also contains autonomous counties , county-level cities , banners , autonomous banners and city districts . There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. The term xian

364-422: The 1960s to the 1980s. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both

392-462: The Kuomintang government in Taiwan unilaterally overturned its recognition of Mongolia in 1953. Accordingly, the official first-order divisions of Republic of China remain the historical divisions of China immediately prior to the loss of mainland China and maps of China and the world published in Taiwan sometimes show provincial and national boundaries as they were in 1949, ignoring changes made by

420-638: The PRC. On May 21, 2012, the Mainland Affairs Council released a press announcement that said that Outer Mongolia has never been part of its constitutionally claimed territory. In 2016, a pre-1949 map of the ROC was installed in the Legislative Yuan which drew the ire of the lawmakers who called for the removal or replacement of a map in the Legislative Yuan which shows Nanjing as the ROC capital, and portrays Mongolia as part of its territory despite it

448-552: The Penghu islands . By this time there was a total of thirty-five provinces, twelve municipalities (院轄市, yuànxiáshì ), one special administrative region (特別行政區, tèbié xíngzhèngqǖ ), and two regions (地方, difāng ) as first-level divisions. China recognized the Mongolian People's Republic following the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance , formally relinquishing claims on the area of Outer Mongolia . After its loss of

476-524: The ROC Constitution. In most ordinary legislation, the term "Taiwan Area" is used in place of the "Free Area", while mainland China is referred to as the "Mainland Area." After the Republic of China was established in 1912, it set up four more provinces in Inner Mongolia and two in historic Tibet , bringing the total to 28. In 1931, Ma Zhongying established Hexi in the northern parts of Gansu but

504-585: The ROC Yearbook, under Chen's administration, ceased displaying official administrative divisions in mainland China . It recognized two provinces ( Taiwan and Fujian ) and two special municipalities ( Taipei and Kaohsiung ). President Ma Ying-jeou reasserted the ROC's claim to be the sole legitimate government of China and the claim that mainland China is part of ROC's territory. He does not, however, actively seek reunification, and prefers to maintain an ambiguous status quo in order to improve relations with

532-563: The ROC never acknowledged the province. However, China lost four provinces with the establishment of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria . After the defeat of Japan in World War II in 1945, China re-incorporated Manchuria as 10 provinces, and assumed control of Taiwan as a province. As a result, the Republic of China in 1946 had 35 provinces. The Beiyang government streamlined

560-676: The day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. During the Republican period, counties were the second level administrative divisions of its provinces. After the Chinese Civil War, counties became subordinate to prefectural level cities while the previous structure is retained. The counties became directly governed by the Executive Yuan after the provinces became streamlined in 1998, but they were fully abolished in 2018. Autonomous counties ( 自治县 ; zìzhìxiàn ) are

588-500: The independence of Outer Mongolia in January 1946 after the 1945 Mongolian independence referendum which voted for independence. Later, Hainan separated and became a first-level administrative region in January 1949. By this time the top-level divisions consisted of 35 provinces , 12 Yuan-controlled municipalities , one special administrative region and Tibet area . After the central government's withdrawal from mainland China during

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616-601: The number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from

644-420: The original list with four added in 2010 and 2014), 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. For second-order divisions, under provinces and special administrative regions, there are counties (2,035), province-controlled cities (56), bureaus (34) and management bureaus (7). Under provincial-level municipalities there are districts, and under leagues there are banners (127). After Taiwan's first political party rotation,

672-493: The system used in Qing dynasty down to three levels: The Beiyang government set up four more provinces out of Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas ( Chahar , Rehe , Ningxia , Suiyuan ) and two others out of parts of historical Tibet ( Chuanbian  [ fr ; zh ] (later Xikang ) out of Kham and Qinghai out of Amdo ; Ü-Tsang was the Dalai Lama 's realm at this time and not part of any province), bringing

700-528: The total number of provinces up to 28. The Nationalist government established municipalities (cities directly administered by the central government) and added sub-county levels (like townships ). Circuits were abolished in 1928 as being superfluous. The reforms were impracticable; the average province had more than 50 counties with some with more than a hundred. Some provinces were later subdivided into prefectures. Four northeast provinces ( Fengtian , Heilongjiang , Rehel , Jilin ) were lost to Manchukuo ,

728-534: Was founded in 1912. It used most of the same administrative divisions as the Qing dynasty but divided Inner Mongolia into four provinces and set up several municipalities under the authority of the Executive Yuan . After the end of World War II in 1945, Manchuria was reincorporated into the Republic of China as nine provinces. Taiwan and the Penghu were also acquired by the Republic of China and organized into Taiwan Province after Retrocession Day . The Nationalist government of China officially recognized

756-454: Was recognized again in 2002. Kuomintang legislator William Tseng said that the map is accurate, until the Constitution and laws are amended to change the nation's official territory while DPP lawmaker Chen Ting-fei stated, "With the way it portrays the ROC territory, that map is like one from a parallel universe—it is out of step with current thinking." Eventually, this outdated world map

784-626: Was removed and replaced with maps of Taiwan from different periods. After the streamlining of Fujian and Taiwan provincial governments in 1956 and 1998, the Tsai Ing-wen administration de facto abolished the Taiwan Provincial Government on 1 July 2018 and the Fujian Provincial Government on 1 January 2019. With the first-level provinces retained under its constitutional structure, the Executive Yuan now administers

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