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37-400: Europe North America Oceania Ganji Bar is the lower valley region from the old flow of the rivers Satluj and river Beas or river Hakra to river Ravi. There was a high ridge in the middle of Montgomery (Sahiwal), Sahiwal District , old Gogaira district (now Sahiwal Division ). This high land runs from northeast to southwest. it was also called Dhaya. Dhaya is a term applied to

74-472: A Muslim-majority area, despite claims from the Indian National Congress and Sikh groups on the basis of greater property ownership and revenues paid to the state. The climate of Sahiwal district is hot semi arid , reaching 47 °C in summer, and down to 5 °C in winter. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 585 mm. Notable educational institutes of

111-418: A barrier between populated area and wild forest, a natural jungle, etc. The dominant culture of this region is Bari Culture and native language spoken is Punjabi , spoken with various dialects. After the introduction of the canal system, many lands of this area were granted to people mostly belong to various districts of Eastern Punjab . Satluj The Sutlej River ( / ˈ s ʌ t l ə dʒ / )

148-607: A blend of Multani and Lehndi dialects of the Punjabi language. We find yet another poet, Ali Haidar Multani , whose classical verses carry the spontaneity and sweetness of folk songs. Mian Mohammad Bakhsh who did not live in Ganji Bar, too, had a fascination for it: ‘deer munching your grass in the Bar beware; the hunter is all set to breathe down your neck'. Baba Talib Jatoi, a Punjabi language poet from Ganji Bar. Many people participated in

185-669: A densely populated region between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco, legumes, potato and oil seeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured. Following the Ummayad Arab conquest of the Punjab cities of Uch and Multan, led by Muhammad bin Qasim, Arabs of the Emirate of Multan ruled the region of Sahiwal for a few centuries. Then Sahiwal remained part of

222-512: A length of 309 km (192 mi). The drop in height is 3,256 m (10,682 ft). Historically, the river was the centre of the Zhangzhung Kingdom until its fall in the 8th century AD. Sutlej is an antecedent river , which existed before the Himalayas and entrenched itself while they were rising. The Sutlej, along with all of the Punjab rivers, is thought to have drained east into

259-613: A proposal to build a 214-kilometre (133 mi) long heavy freight and irrigation canal, to be known as the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) to connect the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. The project is intended to connect the Ganges, which flows to the east coast of the subcontinent, with points west, via Pakistan. When completed, the SYL would enable inland shipping from India's east coast to its west coast (on

296-410: A slope to the top of the ridge from the low lands at foot. This ridge occupied the middle part of the area and its top was called Ganji Bar. The soul of the ridge was inferior and saline. But on the other hand, it was a view that with a plentiful supply of water and good cultivation the greater position of the land could be brought to bear fair crops. Ganji Bar was the only Bar for its elevated situation,

333-601: Is a river in Ngari , Tibet , China . The name Langqên , Tibetan for "elephant", is because of a valley that resembles an elephant trunk. This river is the main source of the Sutlej, a tributary of Indus River . It enters India at Shipki La pass. The source is south of Gangdise Range , in Ngari Prefecture. Its course is mainly in the Zanda County . The river drains an area of 22,760 km (8,790 sq mi), and covers

370-423: Is an old brick fort and several isolated mounds. Which marks the site of an ancient city. This old city of Ganji Bar was the center of politics during Mughal rule. Sardar Mir Chakar Rind made it the capital of his rule in this area. Mughal emperor Humayun got refuge here. The formidable Mallians of Sandal and Ganji Bars ferociously fought Alexander , on his way back home, along the river Ravi. Alexander himself

407-494: Is located on the Sutlej river basin. Evidence suggests Indus Valley civilisation also flourished here. Ungti Chu and Pare Chu rivers which drain the southeastern part of Ladakh are tributaries of Sutlej river. Continuing west-southwest, the Sutlej enters Pakistan about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Bhedian Kalan , Kasur District , Punjab province, continuing southwest to water the ancient and historical former Bahawalpur princely state . Few centuries ago, Sutlej river

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444-486: Is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan . The Sutlej River is also known as Satadru . It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River . The Bhakra Dam is built around the river Sutlej to provide irrigation and other facilities to the states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana . The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under

481-646: The Ganges prior to 5 mya . There is substantial geologic evidence to indicate that prior to 1700 BC, and perhaps much earlier, the Sutlej was an important tributary of the Ghaggar-Hakra River (thought to be the legendary Sarasvati River ) rather than the Indus, with various authors putting the redirection from 2500 to 2000 BC, from 5000 to 3000 BC, or before 8000 BC. Geologists believe that tectonic activity created elevation changes which redirected

518-570: The Garuda Valley by the Zhangzhung , the ancient civilization of western Tibet . The Garuda Valley was the centre of their empire, which stretched many miles into the nearby Himalayas . The Zhangzhung built a towering palace in the Upper Sutlej Valley called Kyunglung , the ruins of which still exist today near the village of Moincêr , southwest of Mount Kailash (Mount Ti-se). Eventually,

555-726: The Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India like the Sirhind Canal , Bhakra Main Line and the Rajasthan canal . The mean annual flow is 14 million acre feet (MAF) (roughly 1.727 × 10  L) upstream of Ropar barrage , downstream of the Bhakra dam. It has several major hydroelectric points, including the 1,325  MW Bhakra Dam ,

592-568: The Supreme Court of India . To augment nearly 100 tmcft (some 2.832 × 10  L) water availability for the needs of this link canal, Tso Moriri lake/Lingdi Nadi (a tributary of Tso Moriri lake) waters can be diverted to the Sutlej basin by digging a 10 km=long gravity canal to connect to the Ungti Chu river. The Upper Sutlej Valley, called Langqên Zangbo in Tibet , was once known as

629-671: The War of Independence 1857 in the Bar area including one of its leaders from the Ganji Bar region Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal . District headquarter Gogaira was the center of the war. It is situated in Ganji bar. Other cities of Ganji Bar were Harappa , Chichawatni , and Kamalia . When British annexed Punjab in 1849, the District Headquarters of this area was Pakpattan. It consisted of the present Sahiwal division. Now it consists of three districts Sahiwal , Okara and Pakpattan . After defeating Sikhs,

666-439: The 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant , and the 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam . The drainage basin in India includes the states and union territories of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Ladakh and Haryana. The source of the Sutlej is west of the catchment area of Lake Rakshastal in Tibet , as springs in an ephemeral stream. Lake Rakshastal used to be part of the Sutlej river basin long ago and separated from

703-498: The 2nd decade of the 20th century, it became the food basket of India. It was a land rich in cotton crop. So it was named Ganji Bar. This opinion is more reliable as it tells the real meanings of Ganji. Another place in Ganji Bar is Satgarah . It is also described in 'Ain-Akbari'. It was a projecting point of the high bank which marks the limits of widening of the Ravi on the east. The name means seven castles, but these no longer exist. There

740-494: The Arabian sea) without having to round the southern tip of India by sea, vastly shortening shipping distances, alleviating pressures on seaports, avoiding sea hazards, creating business opportunities along the route, raising real estate values, raising tax revenue, and establishing important commercial links and providing jobs for north-central India's large population. However, the proposal has met with obstacles and has been referred to

777-500: The Bars that are not discussed by the local researchers. Ganji Bar begins from the Twin Bridge (Jorian Pull), a stop before Akhterabad town on Lahore- Multan road. According to Dr. Harkerat Singh, there is a ridge of 7 to 8 miles in width in the middle of Bar. It is uncultivated, it looks like a barren land. Karer is the plant mostly found here. This is in the middle of Bar and goes from east to

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814-453: The British made Gogaira its District headquarter which was on the southern bank of River Ravi. It was the root of communication through River Ravi and road along with Ravi from Lahore to Multan and Karachi . It was also on the military road from Lahore to Multan. It was called Kakhan Wali Sarak (Road of Straws). It is about 30 miles from Sahiwal to Ravi. In 1855 twenty villages were included in

851-513: The Gogaira district from Lahore. It had five Tehsils Syed wala, Gogaira, Harappa, Pakpattan, and Hujra with 1446 villages and a total area of 1138620 acres. Headquarters of the District were shifted to the village Sahiwal and it became Montgomery in 1865 after the name of Governor Punjab Sir R Montgomery. Bar in the Punjabi language means a threshold, an outer space, an area away from the human settlement,

888-736: The Indian part of the Great Rann of Kutch . Thus Gujarat state of India is also a riparian state of the Indus river as the Rann of Kutch area lying west of Kori Creek in the state is part of the Indus River Delta . In the Chaitra-Ratha Parva of Adi Parva of Mahābhārata , when sage Vasishtha wanted to commit suicide he saw the river named Haimāvata (whose source is Himavat), flooded and full of crocodiles and other aquatic monsters. So he jumped into

925-534: The Indus thousands of years earlier. There is some evidence that the high rate of erosion caused by the modern Sutlej River has influenced the local faulting and rapidly exhumed rocks above Rampur . This would be similar to, but on a much smaller scale than, the exhumation of rocks by the Indus River in Nanga Parbat , Pakistan. The Sutlej River also exposes a double inverted metamorphic gradient . There has been

962-560: The Multan province of the Mamluk dynasty. Sahiwal also remained associated with the historic city of Depalpur. The modern-day city of Sahiwal was founded in 1865 when a train station was built at the site of a small village on the Karachi-Lahore railway line . The site was named Montgomery for Sir Robert Montgomery , then lieutenant governor of the Punjab and it replaced Gogera as the capital of

999-736: The Sutlej due to tectonic activity. The nascent river flows at first west-northwest for about 260 kilometres (160 mi) under the Tibetan name Langqên Zangbo ( Elephant River or Elephant Spring ) to the Shipki La pass, entering India in Himachal Pradesh state. It then has its main knee heading west-southwest for about 360 kilometres (220 mi) to meet the Beas River near Harike , Tarn Taran district , Punjab state. Ropar Wetland in Punjab state

1036-630: The Zhangzhung were conquered by the Tibetan Empire . The Sutlej River also formed the eastern boundary of the Sikh Empire under Maharajah Ranjit Singh . Parganah Hakkarah Today, the Sutlej Valley is inhabited by nomadic descendants of the Zhangzhung, who live in tiny villages of yak herders. The Sutlej was the main medium of transportation for the kings of that time. In the early 18th century, it

1073-454: The aridest and naturally barren portion of the Bari Doab. But it was a fact that all this Jungle of Bar was composed of good quality soil which only requires irrigation to produce many crops. Ravi Bar was a dense forest. It is 40 miles from Chatuchak, a village in Gogaira, to Harappa . This entire portion is called Ganji Bar. Gaji Bar was the only famous bar of Bari Doab. Ravi and Bias Bar are

1110-524: The flow of Sutlej from the southeast to the southwest. If the diversion of the river occurred recently (about 4000 years ago), it may have been responsible for the Ghaggar-Hakra (Saraswati) drying up, causing desertification of Cholistan and the eastern part of the modern state of Sindh , and the abandonment of Harappan settlements along the Ghaggar. However, the Sutlej may have already been captured by

1147-583: The recently created Montgomery district. Two years later in 1867, it was constituted a municipality. In 1914 construction began of the Lower Bari Doab Canal which now irrigates both the city and the wider region. During the Partition of India in 1947 the city, being part of Montgomery district, was allocated to Pakistan by the Punjab Boundary Commission . This was on the basis of being

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1184-423: The river. The river thinking that Vasishtha was a mass of unquenchable fire dilated itself and flew in a hundred different directions. Henceforth the river was named śatadra (or śatadru) which means the river of a hundred courses. So, Vasishtha landed on dry land and was unharmed. Langqên Zangbo ( Tibetan : གླང་ཆེན་གཙང་པོ , Wylie : glang chen gtsang po ; Chinese : 朗钦藏布 ; pinyin : Lǎngqīn Zàngbù )

1221-476: The south throughout the Bar. This was the reason, it is called Ganji (Bare) bar as it has a head without cultivation like a human head without hair. This way it is called Ganji Bar. But another scholar called it Ganji as it is a word derived from the Persian word Ganj which means treasure. According to him, this tract of land was very rich, only waiting for proper sources of water. As the British made settlement here in

1258-659: The southeast on the Pakistani side of the Indian border is called the Cholistan Desert and, on the Indian side, the Thar Desert . The Indus then flows through a gorge near Sukkur and the fertile plains region of Sindh , forming a large delta region between the border of Gujarat , India and Pakistan, finally terminating in the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi , Pakistan. During floods, Indus river water flows into

1295-629: Was merging with the Ghaggar river to discharge in to the Arabian sea. In approx. 1797 BC, the course of the Sutlej river moved towards the north to join the Beas river . About 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Uch Sharif , the Sutlej unites with the Chenab River , forming the Panjnad River , which finally flows into the Indus river about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the city of Bahawalpur . The area to

1332-462: Was struck with a near-fatal arrow by the Mallians in Multan. The Ganji Bar was home to Rai Ahmed Khan Kharal who fought the British colonialists in the 19th century. Baba Farid (1188 – 1266), Sufi saint , the pioneer of the Punjabi literary tradition, after shifting from royalty-infested Delhi to Pakpattan (Ajodhan) lived on the borders of Nili and Ganji Bars. He, in his couplets, employs

1369-425: Was used to transport devdar woods for Bilaspur district , Hamirpur district , and other places along the Sutlej's banks. Of four rivers ( Indus , Sutlej, Brahmaputra and Karnali / Ganges ) mythically flowing out of holy Lake Manasarovar , the Sutlej is actually connected by channels that are dry most of the time. Earlier the river was also called Shutudri or Zaradros river. Sahiwal The city lies in

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