Kakka ( 𒀭𒂵𒂵 ; also romanized as Kaka or Gaga ) was a Mesopotamian deity . She was originally worshiped across Upper Mesopotamia as a healing goddess, but later on came to be secondarily viewed as a male messenger god in Babylonia . Kakka's oldest attested cult center is Maškan-šarrum, located in the south of Assyria , though she was also worshiped in the kingdom of Mari , especially in Terqa . She appears in numerous theophoric names from this area, with Akkadian , Amorite and Hurrian examples attested. As early as in the Old Babylonian period she could be associated with Ninshubur , and later on with Papsukkal as well. However, she developed connection with Ninkarrak , Išḫara and possibly Nisaba as well. The male form of Kakka appears as a messenger of Anu in the Sultantepe version of the myth Nergal and Ereshkigal , and as a messenger of Anshar in Enūma Eliš .
32-478: [REDACTED] Look up gaga in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Gaga , ga-ga , GAGA and other variants, may also refer to: Culture and society [ edit ] Gaga (game) , an Israeli form of dodgeball Gaga (god) , a minor Babylonian deity Gaga (dance vocabulary) , a movement language and pedagogy used in some Israeli contemporary dance Gagá ,
64-515: A 1984 song by Queen Gaga, a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language spoken in the region around Saint-Étienne, France People [ edit ] Lady Gaga (born 1986 as Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta), American singer, songwriter, and actress Gaga Chkhetiani (born 1983), Georgian footballer Other uses [ edit ] GAGA , an influential paper by Serre on algebraic geometry and analytic geometry Gaga (plant) ,
96-509: A deity worshiped in at least some locations in Assyria, was selected as a deity who could plausibly be assigned to Ashur as a courtier. A different explanation has been suggested by Selena Wisnom, who postulates that the passage might represent a literary allusion to the role of the personified weapon Šarur in myths about Ninurta , especially Lugal-e and the Epic of Anzû . She suggests that Kakka
128-732: A genus of fern named for Lady Gaga Gaga, Central African Republic , a village in Central African Republic Gaga (company) , publisher of the video game Dark Seed Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gaga . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaga&oldid=1254639816 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
160-660: A genus of fern named for Lady Gaga Gaga, Central African Republic , a village in Central African Republic Gaga (company) , publisher of the video game Dark Seed Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gaga . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaga&oldid=1254639816 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
192-516: A male deity, acts as Anu 's messenger in the Sultantepe version of the myth Nergal and Ereshkigal , but the god fulfilling the same role in the Amarna version is anonymous. He is only referred to as a "messenger" ( mār šipri ). Piotr Steinkeller argues that Kakka's presence in only one version of this myth might indicate that the assignment of a name to the god sent by Anu was an Assyrian addition. In
224-487: A minor Babylonian deity Gaga (dance vocabulary) , a movement language and pedagogy used in some Israeli contemporary dance Gagá , the name used in the Dominican Republic for a type of Haitian music otherwise known as Rara Gaga (film) , a 2022 Taiwanese film Giọng ải giọng ai (subtitled Hidden Voices ), a Vietnamese television game show; part of the I Can See Your Voice franchise " Radio Ga Ga ",
256-411: A possible alternate version of the list had Kakka in the same line, possibly due to both Meme and Kakka being equated with Ninkarrak elsewhere. He assumed that more than one deity named Kakka existed, with the medicine deity associated with Ninkarrak and the divine messenger associated with Ninshubur being distinct from each other. However, Ichiro Nakata, as well as Julia M. Asher-Greve, state that there
288-550: A secondary development which occurred in lower Mesopotamia. He additionally points out that Mariote sources, as well as an Old Babylonian forerunner of An = Anum", confirm that Kakka was a goddess, while the messenger deity Kakka from later literary texts is male. He points out that the description of male Kakka in Enūma Eliš resembles male Ninshubur . Icihiro Nakata suggests that a further aspect of Kakka's character might be implicitly attested in theophoric names from Mari with
320-675: A text from Tell al-Suleimeh, an archeological site located in the proximity of the Diyala River , possibly corresponding to ancient Awal. It has been dated to the Old Akkadian period. Kakka was also regarded as a healing deity in Old Babylonian Mari. Furthermore, in the Old Babylonian forerunner of the god list An = Anum Kakka ( ga-ga ) appears in sequence with the medicine goddesses Gu 2 -la 2 , Ninisina and Ninkarrak . In
352-474: A variant of a text referred to as The River Incatnation by Wilfred G. Lambert Kakka is one of the two deities who "perform the healing of mankind", the other being the eponymous deified river. Copies are known only from the first millennium BCE. Kakka could also function as a divine messenger, and is portrayed as a servant of Anu in the myth Nergal and Ereshkigal and Anshar in Enūma Eliš . However, according to Ryan D. Winters this role constituted
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#1732855848545384-441: A wedge of cuneiform ( sag-kak , santakku ), and thus a nod to the goddess of writing. The nature of the connection between Kakka and the sukkal of Ningal , ME ME, remains uncertain. Manfred Krebernik [ de ] assumes that they were identical. This interpretation is also accepted as a possibility by Winters, though he notes she was otherwise not connected with Ningal. However, according to Dietz-Otto Edzard ,
416-405: Is also attested. An = Anum (tablet I, line 288) might equate Kakka with Nisaba , if the interpretation of DU 3 .DU 3 as KAK.KAK, kak-ka 15 is to be accepted; according to Winters, this might either indicate that Išḫara's association with Kakka was transferred to Nisaba based on a connection between them attested elsewhere, or that the syllable kak was reinterpreted as a reference to
448-401: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages gaga [REDACTED] Look up gaga in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Gaga , ga-ga , GAGA and other variants, may also refer to: Culture and society [ edit ] Gaga (game) , an Israeli form of dodgeball Gaga (god) ,
480-472: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gaga (god) A deity named ga-ga is already attested in the Early Dynastic god list from Abu Salabikh . It is assumed that theophoric names with the element gag-ga or ga-ga , known from Old Akkadian Eshnunna and Gasur , refer to the same figure. The spelling ga-ga remained in use through
512-460: Is sent by his master to tell his parents, Lahmu and Lahamu , that Tiamat is plotting against the gods. According to Steinkeller, it is uncertain why Kakka was included in this myth, as he was generally not worshiped in Babylonia , where it was composed. He tentatively proposes that identification between Anshar and Ashur might have been an older tradition than usually assumed, and that Kakka, as
544-594: Is virtually absent from the Mari corpus save for theophoric names. Kakka was still worshiped in Assur in the Neo-Assyrian period . According to Piotr Steinkeller this might either indicate spread of Kakka's cult from Maškan-šarrum to other cities in Assyria, or alternatively represent a late case of the influence of the culture on Mari on Assyria, well documented in the early second millennium BCE. Kakka, treated in this context as
576-586: The Ur III period ) and Nippur , Isin and various settlements in the Diyala basin. One of the sons of Ishbi-Erra bore the name Ishbi-Erra-naram-Kakka, "Ishbi-Erra is the beloved of Kakka". This choice might indicate that his father originated in Mari, as indicated by later literary texts, which refer to him as a "man of Mari". Terqa might have been the main cult center of Kakka in that area. Fifteen types of feminine theophoric names invoking Kakka have been identified in
608-439: The Old Babylonian Mari text corpus. She is overall one of the seven goddesses most commonly invoked in them, the other six being Annu , Ishtar , Išḫara , Mami , Admu (a wife of Nergal ) and Aya . Names of men invoking Kakka are also known, with eleven examples identified. Furthermore, later on one of the kings of the kingdom of Khana bore a name invoking this deity, Iddin-Kakka. However, much like Annu and Admu, Kakka
640-406: The Old Babylonian forerunner of this text yet. Ryan D. Winters suggests that the identification between Kakka and Ninshubur might have relied on the awareness that both names could simultaneously refer to a male and a female deity. In Mari, in addition to Ninshubur Kakka was also associated with Ninkarrak . In An = Anum (tablet V, line 146) and in a further god list the former is listed as one of
672-404: The beginning of the composition, Kakka descends to the underworld on Anu's behalf to greet Ereshkigal and invite her to send a representative to the banquet held in heaven. He reappears in the end, when Anu tasks him with announcing Nergal 's new position as the king of the underworld. The male form of Kakka also appears In Enūma Eliš . He serves Anshar as a vizier ( sukkallum ). He
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#1732855848545704-501: The element himṭu , "glowing of fire" or "glowing of fever", which otherwise occurs chiefly in connection with underworld deities such as Erra and Malik (though also Shamash and Adad ). Winters additionally proposes that Kakka might have played a similar role to Išḫara and Nisaba in the same city. Kakka could be sometimes syncretised with Ninshubur , as already attested as in the Old Babylonian period . A hymn preserved on
736-460: The entire Old Akkadian period and in later times in Babylonia and Assyria , but additional variants are attested in texts from Mari and Terqa , including gag-ga , ka-ak-ka and ka-ka . Romanizations used in Assyriological literature include Kaka and Gaga. However, Piotr Steinkeller argues that the spellings with a double consonant indicate that Kakka is a more accurate representation of
768-745: The name used in the Dominican Republic for a type of Haitian music otherwise known as Rara Gaga (film) , a 2022 Taiwanese film Giọng ải giọng ai (subtitled Hidden Voices ), a Vietnamese television game show; part of the I Can See Your Voice franchise " Radio Ga Ga ", a 1984 song by Queen Gaga, a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language spoken in the region around Saint-Étienne, France People [ edit ] Lady Gaga (born 1986 as Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta), American singer, songwriter, and actress Gaga Chkhetiani (born 1983), Georgian footballer Other uses [ edit ] GAGA , an influential paper by Serre on algebraic geometry and analytic geometry Gaga (plant) ,
800-445: The names of the latter. In the first millennium BCE Kakka was eclipsed and largely absorbed by Papsukkal , similarly to Ninshubur and a further similar messenger deity, Ilabrat . In two versions of a single omen text, one associates the francolin with Kakka, but the other with Papsukkal. However, they were still worshiped separately from each other in Assur in the Neo-Assyrian period . An association between Kakka and Išḫara
832-716: The northwest of Baghdad , has also been suggested. Due to the association between Kakka and Maškan-šarrum it has been proposed that Šū-Kakka , a king known from a seal impression found during excavations of Eshnunna and presumed to be a contemporary of Bilalama , ruled over this city. However, subsequent discoveries indicate that he was a king of Malgium instead. Kakka appears in Akkadian and Amorite theophoric names , both feminine and masculine. Hurrian examples are also known, including Ḫazzip-Kakka from Mari and Ḫazi-Kakku from Tell Leilan . Other locations from which they are attested include Puzrish-Dagan, Ur , Lagash (in
864-471: The original pronunciation, and points out the god list An = Anum provides the gloss ga ga , indicating ga-ga was pronounced as Kakka. This romanization is also considered preferable by Selena Wisnom. The name of the god Kalkal is unrelated and he should not be confused with Kakka. Kakka was regarded as a healing deity. It is presumed that this role is reflected in the theophoric name ga-ga-a-zu (from asû , "healer") which has been identified in
896-468: The sukkal of Ningal was most likely a distinct Gula -like medicine goddess, and the apparent association between her Kakka might be the result of confusion. Richard L. Litke argued that the gloss in the name ME ME in An = Anum (tablet III, line 39) is unlikely to refer to an otherwise unknown reading of the sign ME, and assumes that the deity in mention was named Meme , with kà-kà being merely an indication that
928-477: The tablet CBS 14073 compares Ninshubur (referred to with the feminine form of her name in the Emesal dialect, Gašanšubura) to Kakka. They are also identified with each other in the god list An = Anum (tablet I, line 31), where Kakka is explained as the name of Ninshubur as "vizier of Anu, who holds the exalted staff" ( sukkal an-na-ke 4 gidru maḫ šu du 8 -a ). However, they were not equated with each other in
960-522: The time. Its precise location is uncertain, though it is agreed that it was located in the southernmost part of historical Assyria , close to the border with Babylonia ; based on available evidence from administrative and geographical text, it has been proposed that it was located south of Assur , near the mouth of the Lower Zab , close to where Tigris enters the alluvium , or on the middle Tigris. Identification with Tell Meškin, located 47 kilometers to
992-499: Was only one Kakka, associated both with Ninshubur and Ninkarrak. Kakka most likely was originally worshiped in the north of Mesopotamia, possibly as a member of the Amorite pantheon . Maškan-šarrum was regarded as a cult center of Kakka, as indicated by a tablet from Puzrish-Dagan from the reign of Amar-Sin which mentions that it was the residence of a nin-dingir priestess of this deity. It might have been inhabited by Amorites at
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1024-410: Was selected because his name could be understood as a pun on the word kakku , "weapon", and thus indirectly as a reference to Šarur. However, she stresses that he shows less autonomy than Ninurta's personified weapon, as his role is limited to repeating the words of his master; she assumes that limiting the roles of minor deities reflected the need to highlight Marduk 's power through the narrative at
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