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119-602: The East Avenue Medical Center ( EAMC ) is a government-owned tertiary general hospital located in Central , Quezon City , Philippines . The EAMC was established as the GSIS General Hospital under the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) and was inaugurated by then President Ferdinand Marcos along with Imelda Marcos on October 8, 1969. The company operating the hospital, GSIS Hospital, Inc.

238-489: A tropical monsoon climate (Am). The city has a dry season from December to April, in which in turn, divided into cool and warm dry seasons, and a prolonged wet season from May to November that brings heavy rains in some areas. The primary weather station of the city is located at the PAGASA Science Garden. It has been observed that extreme temperatures ranged from a record high of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) to

357-673: A Bugkalot territory Dipaculao , which in turn was derived from the phrase Dipac naulaw or Naulaw ni Dipac , the Ilocano for "Dipac got dizzy", idiomatically "Dipac is/got drunk", Dipac is the name of a Bugkalot chief; another group of Ilocano settlers arrived from La Union, Pangasinan, and other areas of Ilocos Region. The guerrilla movement during the Japanese occupation brought Novo Ecijanos (people from Nueva Ecija) to Baler; Novo Ecijanos include Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans, with quite large number of Pangasinenses. The Balereños learned trade from

476-587: A congressman in the House of Representatives . Each congressional district has six City Councilors. The number of barangays per district is: District I, 37; District II, 5; District III, 37; District IV, 38; District V, 14; and District VI, 11; Although District II has the fewest barangays, it is the biggest in land area, including the Novaliches Reservoir. According to the Köppen climate classification , Quezon City has

595-622: A few months, expelling Imperial Japanese forces. Heavy fighting occurred in Novaliches , which at that time was within Caloocan, and New Manila which had been fortified. Smaller actions were fought at Barrio Talipapa and the University District. On July 17, 1948, President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 333 into law, making Quezon City the capital of the Philippines . The Act created

714-502: A grand master plan for the new capital. The plan was approved by the Philippine authorities in 1941. The core of the new city was to be a 400-hectare (990-acre) Central Park, about the size of New York's Central Park , and defined by the North , South (Timog) , East and West Avenues . On one corner of the proposed Diliman Quadrangle was delineated a 25-hectare (62-acre) elliptical site,

833-442: A notice of violation by mail. This notice of violation is expected to be delivered within 14 days for city residents while non-residents are expected to receive their notices beyond the regular 14 days. Any traffic violations registered in the system can be checked from a dedicated website and its fines can be paid online. However, the policy has been criticized by motorists due to several intersections that have unclear directives on

952-488: A part, and Nueva Ecija, under which the area was governed as the District of El Príncipe. In 1902, the district was separated from Nueva Ecija and transferred to the province of Tayabas (now Quezon). The provincial capital of Tayabas was already transferred from Tayabas to Lucena on March 12, 1901, a year before the transfer of El Príncipe. The northern area which is part of the modern Dilasag and area of modern Casiguran

1071-504: A plebiscite in May 1979 to confirm the citizens of the Province's willingness to separate from Quezon Province, and the eventual establishment of the province through Batas Pambansa Blg. 7 on November 21, 1978. On 04:19:22 local time on August 2 , the 1968 Casiguran earthquake , with a moment magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX ( Violent ), took place with an epicenter

1190-534: A prominent Filipino author, was said to be influential in Quezon's vision to establish a new city. Quezon dreamed of a city where the common people could live and thrive. Roces suggested that a sizeable tract of land be purchased for this purpose. However, the government had no available fund except for ₱ 3 million in the hands of the National Development Company (NDC). In order to make Quezon's dream

1309-576: A reality and to mobilize funds for the land purchase, the People's Homesite Corporation (PHC) was created on October 14, 1938, as a subsidiary of NDC, with an initial capital of ₱ 2 million . Roces was the chairman of the Board of PHC, and they immediately acquired the vast Diliman Estate of the Tuason family at a cost of 5 centavos per square meter. PHC conducted topographical and subdivision surveys, and then subdivided

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1428-402: A record low of 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). The hot season was observed for 1.5 months, from April to May, with an average daily high temperature of 32.8 °C (91.0 °F). Meanwhile, the cool season lasts for 2.6 months, from November to February, with an average temperature of below 30.5 °C (86.9 °F). About 20 typhoons enter the Philippines every year, affecting Quezon City and

1547-548: A result of hundreds of years of Spanish colonization. Some other Christian believers are also present, which includes Members Church of God International (MCGI) , Methodists, Aglipayan Church 2-3%, Baptists , Born Again Christians , Jehovah's Witnesses , Iglesia ni Cristo 4% and Seventh-day Adventist while Muslims are also found which presence is traced to migration by some people from some parts of Mindanao . Muslims , Anitists , animists, and atheists are also present in

1666-569: A separate regional unit of government. A year later, on June 24, 1976, Manila was reinstated by President Marcos as the capital of the Philippines for its historical significance as the seat of government since the Spanish Period. Presidential Decree No. 940 states that Manila has always been to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines being the center of trade, commerce, education and culture. Concurrent with

1785-682: A series of popular demonstrations and civil resistance against the Marcos government that occurred between February 22 and 25, 1986. All of the three major monuments commemorating the Martial Law era are located in Quezon City. The People Power Monument and the EDSA Shrine were built in the city to commemorate the event, with the latter being a symbol of the role that the Catholic Church played in

1904-609: A sub-province of Quezon in 1951 through Republic Act No. 648 under the presidency of Elpidio Quirino , after whom its neighboring province was named. In 1978, the Lieutenant Governor of the Sub-Province Atty. Luis S. Etcubañez filed a Parliamentary Bill for the establishment of Aurora at the Interim Batasang Pambansa , leveraging his political ties with the various Assemblymen of Region IV. This led to

2023-532: A total length of almost 200 km (120 mi). The city has an area of 161.11 km (62.20 sq mi), according to the 1995 GIS graphical plot, making it the largest Local Government Unit (LGU) in Metro Manila in terms of land area. Since its creation in 1939, the city's boundary were revised four times; the final revision was made thru Republic Act No. 1575, which placed the city's territory at 151.06 square kilometers (58.32 sq mi). Meanwhile,

2142-505: Is also akin to the English term "Wow!" Other regional term expressions spoken in Baler are are (h) , used to express a negative feeling of surprise; anin , used to express regret or pity for a situation; and many other words are also spoken similarly to neighboring Quezon, like adyo , meaning to climb, and puropur , which pertain to rain with gusty wind. Ilocano is mostly spoken in northern areas of

2261-626: Is beyond the reach of naval guns. Quezon contacted William E. Parsons , an American architect and planner, who had been the consulting architect for the islands early in the American colonial period. Parsons came over in the summer of 1939 and helped select the Diliman (Tuason) estate as the site for the new city. Unfortunately, he died later that year, leaving his partner Harry Frost to take over. Frost collaborated with Juan Arellano , engineer A.D. Williams, and landscape architect and planner Louis Croft to craft

2380-461: Is bounded by Rodriguez and San Jose del Monte to the north, Marikina and San Mateo to the east, Pasig to the southeast, Mandaluyong and San Juan to the south, Manila to the southwest, and Caloocan and Valenzuela to the west and northwest. The city lies on the Guadalupe Plateau, a relatively high plateau at the northeast of the metropolis situated between the lowlands of Manila to

2499-535: Is flat. Aurora's climate is classified as Tropical rainforest climate . It experiences significant rainfall throughout the year. Because the coastal province faces the Pacific Ocean , it is frequently visited by typhoons. Aurora is politically subdivided into 8 municipalities , all encompassed by a lone legislative district . Dilasag and Casiguran form the northern part of the province, while Dinalungan, Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, and Baler (the capital) make up

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2618-714: Is now E. de los Santos Avenue. In 1945, the City of Greater Manila was dissolved by President Sergio Osmeña , thus separating the cities and towns that were consolidated and regaining their pre-war status. The area which formed the city was then governed by the Philippine Executive Commission . In the same year, combined Filipino and American troops under the United States Army , Philippine Commonwealth Army , and Philippine Constabulary , with help from recognized guerrilla units, liberated and recaptured Quezon City in

2737-413: Is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. One significant impact on the residents of Aurora, especially its farmers, was the administration's practice of hamletting to achieve military control of the area. After

2856-692: The Bahay Kubo and the Bahay na bato . Most of the government buildings and structures built during the time of Marcos were associated with the " edifice complex " of the Marcoses. In 1938, President Manuel L. Quezon made a decision to push for a new capital city. Manila was getting crowded, and his military advisors reportedly told him that Manila, being by the bay, was an easy target for bombing by naval guns in case of attack. The new city will be located at least 15 km (9 mi) away from Manila Bay , which

2975-519: The 1969 balance of payments crisis , students from Quezon City-based universities, notably the University of the Philippines Diliman and Ateneo de Manila University were among the first to call for change, ranging from moderate policy reforms to radical changes in form of government. Students from these Quezon City schools, representing a spectrum of positions, were thus at the front lines of

3094-490: The 2010 local elections , actor Herbert "Bistek" Bautista , who served as Vice mayor during Belmonte's term, was elected as the city mayor. During his term, the Quezon City Pride Council was established. It was the first LGBT council in the Philippines. He also initiated numerous socialized housing projects called "Bistekville". Bautista was succeeded by Maria Josefina "Joy" Belmonte in 2019, who has served as

3213-578: The Batasang Pambansa Complex , the seat of House of Representatives of the Philippines , call the city home. Quezon City is a planned city . It covers a total area of 161.11 square kilometers (62.20 sq mi), making it the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area. It is politically subdivided into Six Congressional Districts , which represent the city in the Lower House of

3332-519: The City of Greater Manila , with Jorge B. Vargas as its designated mayor. It merged the city with Manila and the towns of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . The mayors of these towns and cities served as the assistant mayor of their respective localities and were under the mayor of Greater Manila. The City of Greater Manila was the basis for the formation of Metro Manila in 1975. After Imperial Japanese forces conquered

3451-531: The City of Quezon and Q.C. (read and pronounced in Filipino as Kyusi ), is the most populous city in the Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,960,048 people. It was founded on October 12, 1939, and was named after Manuel L. Quezon , the second president of the Philippines . The city was intended to be the national capital of the Philippines that would replace Manila , as

3570-718: The Congress of the Philippines . The city has 142 barangays under the City Government. National government departments and agencies are mostly situated in the first National Government Center (NGC) in Diliman. and the second National Government Center in Batasan Hills , where the Lower House of the Philippine Congress is located. Most of the city's northern part lies at the foothills of the Sierra Madre mountain range , including

3689-544: The La Mesa Watershed Reservation , the largest watershed in Metro Manila and a designated protected area . According to its 2023 estimated census, Quezon City had 3.1 million people in its boundaries, and 93.8 billion dollars in its GDP, and it is the only planned city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Before the creation of Quezon City, the land on where it would eventually rise

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3808-761: The Office of the Ombudsman along with his father, Vice Governor Gerardo Noveras, in December, 2023. Aurora is a coastal province covering an area of 3,147.32 square kilometres (1,215.19 sq mi) in east-central Luzon. To the north, it is bordered by the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park of Isabela , to the west by the central range of the Sierra Madre which contains the Casecnan Protected Landscape and Aurora Memorial National Park , to

3927-728: The Philippine Statistics Authority placed the city's land area at 171.71 square kilometers (66.30 sq mi), based on data provided by the Land Management Bureau. According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and Geoscience Australia on their study earthquake impact and risk assessment on the Greater Metropolitan Manila Area, the total area of Quezon City is at 165.33 km (64 sq mi). Quezon City

4046-454: The seat of government . The city was also chosen as the regional center of Southern Tagalog , which was created in 1965, along with the provinces of Quezon and Aurora , the birthplace of Manuel L. Quezon ; however, its status of regional center became ineffective when the region was divided into Calabarzon and Mimaropa , through the effect of Executive Order No. 103 in May 2002 under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , and Aurora

4165-552: The 1995 GIS graphical plot, the city's total area is 161.11 km (62.20 sq mi), making it the largest Local Government Unit in Metro Manila in terms of land area. The turn of the decade from the 1960s to the 1970s brought an era of change and tumult throughout the Philippines, with many of the historically significant events of the era taking place in or involving people and groups from Quezon City. When Ferdinand Marcos ' economic policy of using foreign loans to fund government projects during his second term resulted in

4284-460: The 2000 census survey, Tagalogs comprised 52.85% (91,745) of the total provincial population of 173,589, and about less than 1/3 of the population were Ilocano at 31.43% (54,557). Other ethnic groups in the province were Kasiguranin at 5.1% (8,853), Bicolano at 4.08% (7,079), Kankanaey at 1.36% (2,355), Bisaya at 0.88% (1,529), Dumagat (Umiray) at 0.6% (1,047), and Cebuano at 0.48% (832). On

4403-522: The 2010 census survey, Tagalogs numbered 91,219, Ilocanos 67,861, Bicolano 14,250, Kankanaey 4,494, Bisaya 4,786, Umiray Dumagat 1,267, and Cebuano 1,777. There are also pockets of Bugkalots & Negritos , called Dumagats. Most Dumagats are living in the hillsides or mountains. They are believed to have result from a fusion of Austronesian and Melanesian ancestries, and survive from fishing and hunting. There are three kinds of Dumagats in Aurora province,

4522-611: The Aeta and Bugkalots. Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalog settlers. The Spanish brought in Filipino acolytes from other areas of Luzon from 1609 to 1899. During this period, Baler can only be access by sea though the town saw increase migration from other parts of Luzon such as Laguna , Tayabas , and Bicol from the south. The opening of the Baler-Bongabon Road allowed easier migration of people from Ilocos and Isabela areas from

4641-573: The Aurora Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport Authority or APECO a special economic zone located in this coastal town. Created in 2007 by virtue of Republic Act No. 9490 through the efforts of Sen. Edgardo Angara and his son, Aurora Rep. Sonny Angara , it is expected be a major transshipment hub going to the Pacific region. It aims to boost social, economic and industrial developments in Aurora and nearby provinces by generating jobs for

4760-514: The Batangueños and the Novo Ecijanos; where before they used to share what they have, now they would sell coconut to their neighbors. Other ethnic groups who came and stayed in Aurora include Christianized Gaddang and Isinai settlers who settled the surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay. These ethnic groups who lived for several centuries & left cultural influences & legacies made Aurora

4879-538: The Capital City Planning Commission, which was tasked to develop and implement a masterplan for the city. As the capital, the city was expanded northwards, and the barrios of Baesa, Bagbag, Banlat, Kabuyao, Novaliches Proper ( Bayan / Poblacion ), Pasong Putik, Pasong Tamo, Pugad Lawin, San Bartolome, and Talipapa in Novaliches were ceded from Caloocan . This territorial change caused the division of Caloocan into two non-contiguous parts. Quezon City

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4998-816: The Kalilayan area and Polillo Islands , however Nueva Ecija was still part of La Pampanga province at that time. Contracosta was the Spanish colonial name for the towns on the east coast and included towns from Mauban , Binangonan de Lampon, to El Principe. Since Contracosta & Kalilayan were part of La Laguna province at that time before including them in Nueva Ecija, they became jointly ruled by La Pampanga & La Laguna provinces. Contracosta and Tayabas area became jointly ruled by Tayabas and Pampanga when Tayabas became independent from La Laguna in 1754. When Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León took over as Governor-General of

5117-715: The Marcos dictatorship was the 1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid , in which a Catholic seminary in Novaliches was raided on the suspicion that communist leaders were hiding there. The arrest of Fr. Benigno Mayo who was the head of the Jesuit order in the Philippines at the time, and Fr. Jose Blanco alongside 21 members of the youth group called Student Catholic Action (SCA), helped convince " the formerly neutral Philippine middle class " that Marcos' powers had grown too great. As international pressure forced Marcos to start restoring civil rights, other key moments in Philippine history took place in Quezon City. Journalist Joe Burgos established

5236-530: The National Assembly to enact UP's relocation and on June 8, 1939, Commonwealth Act No. 442 was passed, enacting the transfer of UP outside of Manila. A portion of Mariquina Estate, which was adjacent to Magdalena Estate, was chosen as the new site with an approximate area of 600 hectares. Additional land from the Diliman Estate was also added as part of the new university campus. With the development of

5355-503: The People's Homesite Corporation housing in the Diliman Estate and the creation of the new UP Campus, the creation of Quezon City was justified. On October 12, 1939, Commonwealth Act No. 502, also known as the Charter of Quezon City, was passed by the National Assembly, which created Quezon City. Surprisingly, Quezon allowed the bill to lapse into law because he did not sign it. The city was originally to be known as Balintawak City according to

5474-506: The Philippine economy to take a sudden downwards turn known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , which led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history

5593-516: The Philippines during the Pacific War , the City of Greater Manila was reorganized in 1942 into twelve districts, two of which were formed by dividing Quezon City: Balintawak which consisted of San Francisco del Monte, Galas, La Loma, New Manila, Santa Mesa Estate, the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club , and the present-day Greenhills, San Juan ; and Diliman which was composed of Diliman proper, Cubao,

5712-458: The Philippines, he decreed the separation of the military- district of Nueva Ecija from the province of Pampanga and became a regular province on April 25, 1801, including the town of Baler, acquired from Tayabas. In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela, as well as Baler, Casiguran, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and part of Rizal. In 1853,

5831-699: The Quezon City-based WE Forum newspaper in 1977 and in it published a story by Colonel Bonifacio Gillego in November 1982 which discredited many of the Marcos medals . Media coverage of the September 1984 Welcome Rotonda protest dispersal showed how opposition figures including 80-year-old former Senator Lorenzo Tañada and 71-year old Manila Times founder Chino Roces were waterhosed despite their frailty and how student leader Fidel Nemenzo (later Chancellor of

5950-711: The San Francisco Del Monte Estate, 257.54 hectares (2.5754 km ). Quezon's goal was to create a place for the working class, coinciding with the planned transfer of the University of the Philippines campus in Manila to a more suitable location, which became another precedent for the creation of Quezon City. As early as 1928, the University of the Philippines (UP) had planned to expand by adding more academic units and constructing new buildings. The university experienced increase in enrollment and its planned expansion

6069-505: The September 1972 declaration, Marcos forces were ordered into the province to achieve a military presence. But the New People's Army (NPA) which was fighting them responded by establishing a presence of their own in Aurora's mountainous areas. Despite the fact that the residents generally resisted invitations to join the NPA, the dictatorship troops told the residents that they were not allowed into

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6188-442: The Umiray Dumagat, Casiguran Dumagat , and the Palanan Dumagat ; minor Dumagat groups are called Southern Alta or Alta Kabulowan and Northern Alta or Edimala . Bugkalots are the second tribe indigenous to Aurora, most of them live in Dipaculao & Maria Aurora. Tagalogs, some originating from Palanan and Infanta, Quezon , came in to the area to trade by boat, some Tagalogs settled in Aurora (especially Baler) and married with

6307-470: The University District, and the present-day eastern portion of Marikina. In the same year, the patients of Quezon Institute were relocated to the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Intramuros and the Japanese military used the facility for its own sick and wounded. The Japanese renamed some streets, most notably South Avenue which became Timog Avenue. In 1944, when the Americans returned to Luzon, they gave numerical designations to some roads such as Route 54, which

6426-474: The University of the Philippines Diliman) was shot nearly to death. Most significantly, the August 1983 funeral of assassinated opposition leader of Ninoy Aquino began at the Aquino family household in Times Street, West Triangle, Quezon City, and continued to the funeral mass at Santo Domingo Church in Santa Mesa Heights before the final interment at the Manila Memorial Park . The procession took from 9:00 AM until 9:00 PM to finish as two million people joined

6545-443: The Vice Mayor under his term and the daughter of former Quezon City mayor Feliciano Belmonte Jr. She was then reelected as City Mayor in 2022, after which the Quezon City People's Council was established. Under the Participation, Accountability and Transparency Ordinance, the council would serve as an umbrella for about 2,232 civil society organizations accredited by the city government as a means for more civic participation and as for

6664-492: The area) because its residents were not Obreros (Workers). The Philippine Exposition in 1941 was held on the newly established Quezon City, but participants were limited to locals because of the increasing turbulence at the beginning of the Second World War. Eventually, parts of Manila were bombed by the Japanese Imperial Forces in December 1941, bringing the war to the Philippines. On January 1, 1942, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 400 as an emergency measure to form

6783-427: The art of surfing during the production of the movie is credited with having sparked the surfing culture in Aurora and the Philippines. Being originally part of the province of Quezon, Aurora was part of the Southern Tagalog Region (Region IV). Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 103, dated May 17, 2002, by then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , the province of Aurora was moved to Central Luzon (Region III),

6902-629: The authorized bed capacity of the hospital from 350 to 600. The allowed 600 bed capacity was fulfilled on August 17, 2020, when the new 250 bed capacity EAMC building was completed and inaugurated. It was used as a treatment facility during the COVID-19 pandemic . On June 24, 2021, EAMC, by virtue of Republic Act No. 11561, increased the authorized bed capacity from 600 to 1000 beds. Central, Quezon City Quezon City ( UK : / ˈ k eɪ z ɒ n / , US : / ˈ k eɪ s ɒ n , - s ɔː n , - s oʊ n / ; Filipino : Lungsod Quezon [luŋˈsod ˈkɛson] ), also known as

7021-417: The campus in the future. Marcos' declaration of martial law in September 1972 saw the immediate shutdown of all media not approved by Marcos, including Quezon City media outlets such as GMA Channel 7 and ABS-CBN Channel 2 . At the same time, it saw the arrest of many students, journalists, academics, and politicians who were considered political threats to Marcos, many of them residents of Quezon City. By

7140-423: The central districts of Binondo , Intramuros , Quiapo , San Nicolas and Tondo . There were also problems with sanitation and traffic congestion. The rise of slums in Manila gave rise to the development of its suburbs outside the city limits in the municipalities of Pasay , San Felipe Neri (renamed as Mandaluyong), San Francisco del Monte , Makati , and San Juan del Monte . These towns became favorable to

7259-432: The central portion. The southern half of the province consists of San Luis and Dingalan. The 8 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 151 barangays , with Suclayin in Baler as the most populous in 2010, and Dibalo in San Luis as the least. The population of Aurora in the 2020 census was 235,750 people, with a density of 75 inhabitants per square kilometre or 190 inhabitants per square mile. Based on

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7378-424: The city was created in 1939, Art Deco was the prevailing architectural style, moving forward from the colonial designs of Bahay na bato by the Spanish, and the Neoclassical style by the Americans. The choice of designing buildings in contemporary international style was intentional to show that the Philippines was moving forward since it was anticipating independence in 1945. The Quezon Memorial Shrine , which

7497-651: The city's residents with more than 1,200 deaths. The quarantine was later downgraded to the alert level system (ALS) in 2021 until the state of public health emergency was lifted by President Bongbong Marcos on July 21, 2023. On July 1, 2022, the Quezon City government began fully implementing its No Contact Apprehension Policy on several major roads in the city. As a result, closed-circuit television cameras were installed on some intersections along Quirino Highway , E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue, Aurora Boulevard , West Avenue , East Avenue , Kamias Road, and P. Tuazon Boulevard. Motorists that violate traffic policies would be sent

7616-420: The council to be the “eyes, ears and voice” of the city residents in the city government. Beginning March 15, 2020, Quezon City was placed under community quarantine , which were introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country . The strictest quarantine was the enhanced community quarantine in 2020 and 2021, in response to the then-ongoing pandemic in the city , which has infected more than 100,000 of

7735-431: The creation of the City of Novaliches by carving out the 15 northernmost barangays of Quezon City. The voting process only includes the affected barangays, but then-city mayor of the town Ismael "Mel" Mathay Jr. lobbied to include the whole city. He also campaigned against the secession of Novaliches. In the succeeding plebiscite that was held on October 23, 1999, an overwhelming majority of Quezon City residents rejected

7854-497: The crowd. The experience galvanized many of the Philippines into resisting the dictatorship, with protests against Marcos snowballing until they happened nearly every week, and until Marcos was ousted by the People Power revolution . In terms of administrative changes during this period, the region of Metro Manila was created as an integrated unit with the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 824 on November 7, 1975. The region encompassed four cities and thirteen adjoining towns , as

7973-491: The district of San Francisco del Monte, which is not listed as a legislative district, was originally a pueblo owned by Franciscan missionary Fray Pedro Bautista . Additionally, the Diliman Quadrangle was planned to be the city center of Quezon City. The architecture in Quezon City features a wide variety of architectural styles, such as Art Deco , Brutalist , International Modern , Postmodern and Contemporary styles . The city also has numerous monuments and museums. When

8092-690: The establishment of the new capital. Several barangays from different towns were carved out to correspond to the estates that PHC bought for the creation of Quezon City. The new city had an area of 7,355 hectares (73.55 km ), and the barrios and sitios that were taken for its creation were the following: Bagubantay (Bago Bantay), Balingasa , Balintauac (Balintawak), Kaingin, Kangkong, Loma (La Loma), Malamig, Matalahib, Masambong, San Isidro, San Jose, Santol and Tatalon , were taken from Caloocan ; Cubao, Diliman, Kamuning, New Manila, and San Francisco del Monte were taken from San Juan ; Balara, Barranca (Barangka), Jesus de la Peña, Krus na Ligas , Tañong and

8211-469: The fare was not affordable to minimum wage earners. Because of the city's unaffordable housing prices and lack of transportation for low-income earners, the goal of creating mass housing for the working class was not met. Instead, those who opted to live in Quezon City consisted of middle-class households such as those in Kamuning, whose residents petitioned to rename it from Barrio Obrero (Worker's Community) to Kamuning (a type of tree that grows abundantly in

8330-459: The fields between four in the afternoon and seven in the morning. This made farming very difficult because people had to work in the fields during the hottest parts of the day. Things took a more violent turn in the town of Dinalungan during the early 1980s, after farmers organized a rally against a landowner who attempted to claim their farms, seeking help and support from the nuns at the Carmelite mission that had been established there. However,

8449-415: The first bill filed by Assemblyman Ramon P. Mitra Sr. from Mountain Province , but Assemblymen Narciso Ramos and Eugenio Perez , both from Pangasinan , amended and successfully lobbied the assembly to name the city after the President in honor of his role in the creation of this new city. The creation of Quezon City halted the full implementation of the Burnham Plan of Manila and funds were diverted for

8568-403: The first time and to reform the original La Pampanga since the Spanish occupation. The transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon opened the access of Central Luzon to Pacific Ocean. On April 22, 2024, newly installed Governor Reynante A. Tolentino took his oath of office as governor before his brother, Dipaculao Mayor Danilo A. Tolentino. He replaced Atty. Christian Noveras, who was dismissed by

8687-546: The focal point of the grand quadrangle. This was the planned location of a large Capitol Building to house the Philippine Legislature and ancillary structures for the offices of representatives. On either side of the giant ellipse were supposed to have been the new Malacañang Palace on North Avenue (site of the present-day Veterans Memorial Hospital ), and the Supreme Court Complex along East Avenue (now

8806-448: The geographical location of the province. The provinces south of Aurora were reformed as Calabarzon and Mimaropa , and Southern Tagalog was limited to being a cultural-geographic region. The total separation of Aurora from Quezon, and the transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon were the fulfillment of the wishes and prayers of the residents of the original Municipalities of Baler and Casiguran to be truly independent from Quezon Province for

8925-532: The latter was suffering from overcrowding , lack of housing, poor sanitation, and traffic congestion . To create Quezon City, several barrios were carved out from the towns of Caloocan , Marikina , San Juan and Pasig , in addition to the eight vast estates the Philippine government purchased for this purpose. It was officially proclaimed the national capital on October 12, 1949, and several government departments and institutions moved out of Manila and settled into

9044-468: The lots and sold them to the target buyers at an affordable price. Its target users and beneficiaries were Manila's working class, who were suffering from a shortage of affordable and decent housing in the capital. The service of the Metropolitan Waterworks system was extended to site. The Bureau of Public Works, then under Secretary Vicente Fragante, constructed the streets and highways within

9163-470: The major protests of the first three months of 1970 – what would later be called the " First Quarter Storm ." A year later in 1971, this was followed up by the Diliman Commune , in which the students, faculty, and residents of UP Diliman initially planned to protest an impending oil price hike, but because of violent attempts to disperse them, also later demanded that Marcos' military pledge not to assault

9282-552: The melting pot of the Central Luzon, next to Tarlac & Nueva Ecija. The Tagalog and Ilocano languages are spoken by their respective ethnic groups. The province primarily speaks a Tagalog dialect that is closely related to Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon with some Ilocano influences. In Baler, for example, the variety is called Tagalog-Baler (Balereño) . The Balereño is also known for distinctive expressions like akkaw , used to express surprise, wonder, disgust, and objection; it

9401-479: The military accused the Carmelites of working with the NPA, and even hunted down the convent's caretaker and one of the church workers. Young men started disappearing from the farms, and rumors begun to spread that they had been victims of extrajudicial killings by Marcos' forces. Much of the male population of Dinalungan began to disappear altogether, with some believed to be victims of the extrajudicial killings, and

9520-573: The morning after Marcos' televised announcement of the proclamation, about 400 of these arrestees were gathered in Camp Crame on the southwestern reaches of Quezon City, destined to be among the first of thousands of political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship . Camp Crame would be the site of many of the human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship , with one of the first being the murder of student journalist Liliosa Hilao in Camp Crame. Among

9639-407: The new capital city. This necessitated the expansion of the city northward, carving out Novaliches from Caloocan which divided it into two non-contiguous parts. Several barrios were also taken from San Mateo and parts of Montalban . However, on June 24, 1976, Presidential Decree No. 940 was enacted, which reverted national capital status to Manila while the whole of Metro Manila was designated as

9758-499: The new military district of Tayabas was separated from Nueva Ecija and included present-day Southern Quezon as well as present-day Aurora. In 1858, Binangonan de Lampon and the Polillo Islands were separated from Nueva Ecija to form part of Infanta. Between 1855 and 1885, El Principe was established as its own Military Comandancia with its capital in Baler. The early history of Aurora is linked to Quezon province, of which it formed

9877-427: The newly completed Quezon Memorial Shrine . It now houses the mausoleum where President Quezon and his wife Aurora Aragon Quezon are interred. It also contains a museum dedicated to President Quezon and his life. In 1986, the nonviolent People Power Revolution , led by Corazon Aquino and Cardinal Jaime Sin , ousted Marcos from power. Thousands of people flocked EDSA between Camp Crame and Camp Aguinaldo in

9996-492: The north. The road also allowed Igorot people and Batangueño Tagalogs to settle in Baler & other places of Aurora. The majority of Igorots settled Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, & Baler. In 1896, a group of Ilocanos from Aringay , La Union came to settle in San Jose, now called Maria Aurora; in 1906, another group of Ilocanos arrived from La Union and Pangasinan . In the early 1920s, Ilocano settlers from Central Luzon settled

10115-401: The people, improving the quality of their living conditions, advocating an eco-friendly approach to industrialization and enhancing the potential of the community in productivity. Aurora culture is a mixture of Tagalog and Ilocano, with some Kapampangan, Pangasinense, and other indigenous (mostly Aeta, Bugkalot, and Igorot) cultures within the province. A melting pot of culture, the province has

10234-543: The possibility of naval bombardment from Manila Bay . Unfortunately, he died in December 1939 and his partner Harry T. Frost took over and become the lead planner. Frost arrived in the Philippines on May 1, 1940, and became the architectural adviser of the Philippine Commonwealth government. Together with Juan M. Arellano , Alpheus D. Williams, and Welton Becket, they created the Master Plan for Quezon City which

10353-505: The prominent cases of abuse suffered specifically by Quezon City residents were the cases of Primitivo Mijares and his sixteen-year-old son Boyet Mijares, who lived in Project 6 at the time of their deaths; and Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao social worker Purificacion Pedro who was murdered by a soldier at her hospital room in Bataan. One of the key moments that led to the eventual demise of

10472-546: The proper way to navigate them correctly. In particular, several motorists complained on social media after they were ticketed for turning "in the wrong lane" at the intersection of E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue and Gilmore Avenue , where the rightmost lane is cut in half by Quezon City's bike lane network. The geography of Quezon City is characterized by undulating terrain. The city is within the catchment area of five river systems – Marikina , Pasig , San Juan , Tullahan and Meycauayan – along with their creeks and tributaries with

10591-481: The property. Quezon also tapped Architect Juan M. Arellano to draft a design of the city. Eight vast estates were acquired in order to create Quezon City: Diliman Estate, 1,573.22 hectares (15.7322 km ), Santa Mesa Estate, 861.79 hectares (8.6179 km ), Mandaluyong Estate, 781.36 hectares (7.8136 km ), Magdalena Estate, 764.48 hectares (7.6448 km ), Piedad Estate, 743.84 hectares (7.4384 km ), Maysilo Estate, 266.73 hectares (2.6673 km ) and

10710-901: The province, most of which is in Baler) and Ga'dang & Isinai in surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay, & other languages native in Aurora are Casiguranin or Kasiguranin , spoken in Casiguran & neighboring areas Dilasag & Dinalungan where Casiguran Dumagat and Paranan Dumagat languages are also spoken, Umiray Dumagat spoken in San Luis and Dingalan, Southern Alta or Alta Kabulowan spoken in Dingalan, Northern Alta or Edimala spoken in Baler, Maria Aurora and San Luis, and Bugkalot spoken in Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, and Baler. The people of Aurora are heavily Catholics (large majority being Roman Catholic by 87%) as

10829-409: The province. Poverty incidence of Aurora Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Corn, rice and other major agricultural crops are grown in Aurora, with a total of 13% of the provincial land area used for agriculture. It also has 8,945 hectares (22,100 acres) of rice plantation that averages 24,000 metric tons (24,000 long tons; 26,000 short tons) every year. Casiguran is home to

10948-578: The province. The working population is ready in speech in the English language as well as in the Filipino language . Manuel L. Quezon, who was from Baler, was called the Father of the National Language for approving the recommendation of the Institute of National Language for Tagalog as the basis of the national language. Other languages spoken in Aurora are Kapampangan , and Pangasinan (in some areas of

11067-657: The region was given to the jurisdiction of the Augustinians and Recollects in 1658, but was returned to the Friars Minor in 1703. Other early missions included Dipaculao , established in 1719, and Casiguran, in 1753. In 1705, the Military Comandancia of Nueva Ecija was created and was governed by Governor-General Fausto Cruzat y Góngora . It included huge swathes of Central Luzon , the Contracosta towns, as well as

11186-405: The reinstatement of Manila as the capital, Ferdinand Marcos designated his wife, Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila, who started the construction of massive government edifices with architectural significance as she re-branded Manila as the " City of Man ". On March 31, 1978, President Marcos ordered the transfer of the remains of President Quezon from Manila North Cemetery to

11305-466: The rest forced to join the NPA because of the circumstances. The unrest persisted until the town was finally declared "insurgency free" in October 2018. One of the positive things that did happen to Aurora during the 1970s was the development of the surf tourism industry after the helicopter attack and surfing sequences of the film Apocalypse Now were filmed at Baler in 1976–77. The exposure of locals to

11424-430: The rest of Metro Manila . In recent years, heavy rainfalls from Habagat (south west monsoon) became as destructive as typhoons, triggering floods and landslides which endangers the city's residents living near the riverbanks. Quezon City is politically subdivided into six legislative districts . However, the city is also divided into non-legislative or informal districts based on its historical origins. For instance,

11543-559: The rest of Quezon Province. One obvious reason was the area's isolation from the rest of Quezon Province: there were no direct links to the rest of the province and much of the terrain was mountainous and heavily forested, which made the area relatively isolated, and its distance from Quezon's capital Lucena . Independence from Quezon also meant that Aurora would belong in the Central Luzon region, in keeping with its precolonial history, rather than part of Southern Luzon . Aurora became

11662-451: The restoration of democracy in the Philippines. The Bantayog ng mga Bayani was constructed along Quezon Avenue to honor the heroes and martyrs that struggled under the 20-year Marcos regime. The Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog honors prominent figures during the martial law era. On February 23, 1998, Republic Act. No. 8535 was signed by President Fidel Ramos , which paved the way for

11781-445: The secession of Novaliches. Mathay was succeeded by Feliciano Belmonte Jr. , who served as the city mayor from 2001 to 2010. On May 1, 2001, numerous residents of Barangay Holy Spirit who have been protesting against the arrest of former president Joseph Estrada marched from EDSA Shrine to Malacañang and participated in the May 1 riots against President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . In

11900-465: The site of East Avenue Medical Center ). The three branches of government were to be finally and efficiently located in close proximity to each other. Aurora (province) Before 1979, Aurora was part of the province of Quezon. Aurora was, in fact, named after Aurora Aragon , the wife of Manuel L. Quezon , the president of the Philippine Commonwealth , after whom the mother province

12019-425: The site of the new UP Campus were taken from Marikina ; and, the barrios and sitios of Libis, and Ogong (Ugong Norte) from Pasig . Commonwealth Act No. 659, enacted on June 21, 1941, changed the city's boundaries. Under this law, the area of Wack Wack Golf and Country Club were to be reverted to Mandaluyong , and the barrios of lower Barranca and Jesus de la Peña were reverted to Marikina . However, Camp Crame

12138-629: The south by the Umiray River , and to the east by the Philippine Sea which opens to the Pacific Ocean . The San Ildefonso Peninsula lies in the province's northern portion between the Philippine Sea and the Casiguran Sound. The province covers a portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range. As such, the elevation is generally steep to very steep and only about 14% of the province's total area

12257-495: The southwest and the Marikina River Valley to the east. The highest elevation in Quezon City is the northern tip of the La Mesa Watershed Reservation at 250 meters (820 ft) above sea level. The West Valley Fault traverses the eastern border of the city. Quezon City is politically subdivided into 142 barangays . These barangays are grouped into six congressional districts , with each district being represented by

12376-584: The towns became part of Kalilayan, which included Nueva Ecija, until Kalilayan changed its name to Tayabas in 1749, taken from the town of the same name . In the early days of the Spanish colonial period , Aurora was ecclesiastically linked to Infanta , which today rests further south, in northern Quezon. The earliest missionaries in the province were the Franciscans , who had established missions in Baler and Casiguran in 1609. Due to lack of available personnel,

12495-464: The towns of the province. In 1942, invading Japanese forces landed in the town of Casiguran. On February 19, 1945, to May 11, 1945, Allied troops as well as Philippine Commonwealth forces and recognized guerrilla units fought on the Battle of Casiguran during the return of American forces on Luzon on World War II . During the postwar years, there were several attempts to make Aurora independent from

12614-477: The upper and middle-class who wanted to escape the congested city but had economic links to it. President Manuel L. Quezon , aware of the problems besetting Manila, initiated housing projects called Barrio Obrero ( Worker's Community ). These communities were established in various places in Manila such as Avenida Rizal , Sta. Cruz and Barrio Vitas, Tondo . However, the project failed miserably and these communities became slum areas. Alejandro Roces Sr.,

12733-516: Was approved by the Philippine government in 1941. The Frost Plan featured wide avenues, large open spaces and roundabouts at major intersections. The plan for major thoroughfares made by Louis Croft for the Greater Manila Area served as the backbone for the Plan of Quezon City. The center of the city was a 400-hectare quadrangle formed by four avenues — North , West , South and East — which

12852-545: Was built from 1952 to 1978, was designed in Art Deco style. It became the city's symbol and at its base was a museum and mausoleum dedicated to the late Manuel L. Quezon and his wife Aurora . When the city became the capital in 1948, a lot of government buildings transferred from Manila to Quezon City. Numerous government buildings were built during the terms of President Elpidio Quirino , Ramon Magsaysay , Carlos P. Garcia , Diosdado Macapagal and Ferdinand Marcos . However, it

12971-590: Was designed to be the location of the National Government of the Philippines. At the northeast corner of the Quadrangle was a large roundabout, a 25-hectare (62-acre) elliptical site, were the proposed Capitol Building is envisioned to rise. To make the city accessible, Quezon ordered Luzon Bus Lines to ply from Kamuning towards Tutuban in Divisoria , Manila to provide transport for the city's residents. However,

13090-631: Was dissolved on June 9, 1978, in pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1411 issued by President Marcos, and transferred all of the assets of the company to the Ministry of Health (now Department of Health ) and the hospital was renamed Ospital ng Bagong Lipunan ( transl.  "New Society Hospital" ). The hospital was renamed again on November 12, 1986, by then Executive Secretary Joker P. Arroyo by authority of then President Corazon Aquino , to its current name through Memorandum Order No. 48 . The Republic Act No. 8345 signed on June 4, 1997, increased

13209-590: Was formally inaugurated as the capital on October 12, 1949. President Quirino laid the cornerstone on the proposed Capitol Building at Constitution Hills . On June 16, 1950, the Quezon City Charter was revised by Republic Act No. 537, changing the city's boundaries to an area of 153.59 km (59 sq mi). Exactly six years later, on June 16, 1956, more revisions to the city's territory were made by Republic Act No. 1575, which defined its area as 151.06 km (58 sq mi). However, according to

13328-421: Was hampered by its small campus in Manila. The revised Burnham Plan of Manila envisioned the new campus to be located just outside Manila's city limits at 'the heights behind Manila'. The UP Board of Regents informed Quezon of their desire to relocate the campus and he was supportive of the idea. Furthermore, he wanted the facilities in the Manila campus to be used for government purposes. In 1939, Quezon urged

13447-569: Was in Casiguran . The quake generated a small non-destructive tsunami, but the majority of the 207 people killed during the quake were the result of the collapse of a six-story building in Manila. The beginning months of the 1970s had marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, as well as in Aurora. During his bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused

13566-400: Was named. In 1572, the Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo became the first European to visit the region that would be known as Aurora while he was exploring the northern coast of Luzon . Salcedo reportedly visited the towns of Casiguran , Baler and Infanta . Baler & Casiguran were part of La Provincia de La Pampanga, which also included Pampanga , Bulacan , and Tarlac , and in 1591,

13685-652: Was only during the term of Marcos that began the Filipinization of architecture. Numerous government hospitals in the city such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and the Kidney Center of the Philippines were built and regarded as "designer" hospitals. Traditional Filipino design motifs were incorporated in government buildings such as the Batasang Pambansa , which drew inspiration from

13804-466: Was part of Nueva Vizcaya and also transferred to Tayabas in 1905. In 1918, the area of modern Aurora north of Baler was transferred to the authority of Nueva Vizcaya, but returned to Tayabas in 1946, when Tayabas was renamed to Quezon. This was named in honor of Manuel Quezon who was the second President of the Philippines and elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 and congressman of 1st district of Tayabas in 1907 born and raised in Baler, formerly one of

13923-444: Was part of several towns such as Caloocan , Mariquina (Marikina) , Montalban (renamed as Rodriguez), Pasig , San Mateo , and San Juan del Monte (renamed as San Juan), all under Manila province and, beginning in 1901, Rizal province. In the 1930s, Manila's urban problems were apparent and problematic. It lacked public housing, where thousands of the city's residents lived in congested informal settler communities, especially in

14042-509: Was taken out of San Juan and was given to Quezon City. 1939, the year the city was established, recorded a population of 39,103 people. The city in its early days was predominantly rural, but Quezon asked American Architect William Parsons to craft a master plan for the newly created city. Parsons was the one who advise Quezon to locate the National Government Center in Diliman instead of Wallace Field (now Rizal Park ), due to

14161-464: Was transferred to the authority of Central Luzon , with Southern Tagalog limited to being a cultural-geographic region. Quezon City is known for its culture, entertainment industry and media, and is aptly called the "City of Stars". Major broadcasting networks have their headquarters and studios in the city. It is also known for its commerce, education, research, technology, politics, tourism, art and sports. Several national government branches including

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