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70-717: GMRS radios are typically handheld portable ( walkie-talkies ) much like Family Radio Service (FRS) radios, and they share a frequency band with FRS near 462 and 467 MHz. Mobile and base station -style radios are available as well, but these are normally commercial UHF radios as often used in the public service and commercial land mobile bands. These are legal for use in this service as long as they are certified for GMRS under USC 47 Part 95. Older radios that are certified under USC 47 Part 90 are "grandfathered in", and can also be used legally for GMRS. GMRS licensees are allowed to establish repeaters to extend their communications range. However repeaters cannot be linked together over

140-465: A base station that acts as a repeater and controller, although individual handsets and mobiles may have a mode that bypasses the base station. Walkie-talkies, thanks to increasing use of miniaturized electronics, can be made very small, with some personal two-way UHF radio models being smaller than a deck of cards (though VHF and HF units can be substantially larger due to the need for larger antennas and battery packs). In addition, as costs come down, it

210-418: A 12.5 kHz space directly between two GMRS channels. FRS radios generally utilize an 11 kHz transmitter bandwidth and a power lower than GMRS so the interference to an adjacent GMRS channel is minimized. The predecessor to GMRS was named Class A Citizens Radio Service when it was commissioned in the 1940s. Tube-type transceivers were used, and transmitter power was limited to 60 watts (plate input power to

280-511: A 69–channel low-power LPD433 which is shared with the 433.92 MHz ISM band . GMRS equipment that is approved for use in the United States will not communicate with PMR446 radios due to using different frequency ranges. Currently, the application fee for a GMRS license is $ 35. An FCC Report and Order released December 23, 2020, and in a subsequent notice issued by the FCC on March 23, 2022,

350-455: A GMRS radio. On September 30, 2019, it became unlawful in the United States to import, manufacture, sell, or offer to sell radio equipment capable of operating under both GMRS and FRS. The use of radio transmitters is regulated by national laws and international agreements. Often radio equipment accepted for use in one part of the world may not be operated in other parts due to conflicts with frequency assignments and technical standards. Some of

420-410: A GMRS station with the telephone network." to now include (among other things) "or any other network". As of November 1, 2024 it now has this added to the operations tab: "In other words, repeaters may not be linked via the internet—an example of an “other network” in the rules—to extend the range of the communications across a large geographic area. Linking multiple repeaters to enable a repeater outside

490-435: A cellular plan. Applications on the market that offer this walkie-talkie style interaction for audio include Hytera , Voxer , Zello , Orion Labs , Motorola Wave , and HeyTell, among others. Other smartphone-based walkie-talkie products are made by companies like goTenna , Fantom Dynamics and BearTooth, and offer a radio interface. Unlike mobile data dependent applications, these products work by pairing to an app on

560-462: A fixed radio might be impractical or expensive. Often such units will have switches to provide quick access to emergency and information channels. They are also used in recreational UTVs to coordinate logistics, keep riders out of the dust and are usually connected to an intercom and headsets Intrinsically safe walkie-talkies are often required in heavy industrial settings where the radio may be used around flammable vapors. This designation means that

630-492: A message using a Morse Code crib sheet attached as a sticker to the radio. However, as Morse Code has fallen out of wide use outside amateur radio circles, some such units either have a grossly simplified code label or no longer provide a sticker at all. In addition, Family Radio Service UHF radios will sometimes be bought and used as toys, though they are not generally explicitly marketed as such (but see Hasbro 's ChatNow line, which transmits both voice and digital data on

700-543: A number of features that are not common to other gear, including: Digital voice modes are available on some amateur HTs. For example, newer additions to the Amateur Radio service are Next Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN) and Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio or D-STAR . Handheld radios with these technologies have several advanced features, including narrower bandwidth, simultaneous voice and messaging, GPS position reporting, and callsign routed radio calls over

770-501: A radio engineer and one of the developers of the Joan-Eleanor system , also worked on the early technology behind the walkie-talkie between 1938 and 1941, and is sometimes credited with inventing it. The first device to be widely nicknamed a "walkie-talkie" was developed by the US military during World War II, the backpacked Motorola SCR-300 . It was created by an engineering team in 1940 at

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840-470: A regulation for public comment that would increase the minimum population needed for an urban area population to be a metropolitan statistical area to be increased from 50,000 to 100,000. It ultimately decided to keep the minimum at 50,000 for the 2020 cycle. On July 21, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget released revised delineations of the various CBSAs in the United States. The Census Bureau created

910-498: A result, sometimes the precise definition of a given metropolitan area will vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983. Due to suburbanization, the typical metropolitan area is polycentric rather than being centered around a large historic core city such as New York City or Chicago . Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city; examples include

980-485: A second set of thirteen tubes was supplied with the unit as running spares. The unit was factory set with one crystal which could be changed to a different frequency in the field by replacing the crystal and re-tuning the unit. It used a 24-inch whip antenna . There was an optional handset that could be connected to the AN/PRC-6 by a 5-foot cable. An adjustable strap was provided for carrying and support while operating. In

1050-602: A set of core based statistical areas (CBSAs) throughout the country, which are composed of counties and county equivalents . CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central contiguous area of relatively high population density, known as an urban area . The counties containing the core urban area are known as the "central counties" of the CBSA; these are defined as having at least 50% of their population living in urban areas of at least 10,000 in population. Additional surrounding counties, known as "outlying counties", can be included in

1120-405: A simple discrete transistor circuit where "grown-up" walkie-talkies use chips ), may employ superregenerative receivers, and may lack even a volume control, but they may nevertheless be elaborately decorated, often superficially resembling more "grown-up" radios such as FRS or public safety gear. Unlike more costly units, low-cost toy walkie-talkies may not have separate microphones and speakers;

1190-900: A single CBSA when the central county or counties of one CBSA qualify as an outlying county or counties to the other CBSAs. One or more CBSAs may be grouped together or combined to form a larger statistical entity known as a combined statistical area (CSA) when the employment interchange measure (EIM) reaches 15% or more. CBSAs are subdivided into MSAs (formed around urban areas of at least 50,000 in population) and micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), which are CBSAs built around an urban area of at least 10,000 in population but less than 50,000 in population. Some metropolitan areas may include multiple cities below 50,000 people, but combined have over 50,000 people. Previous terms that are no longer used to describe these regions include "standard metropolitan statistical area" (SMSA) and "primary metropolitan statistical area" (PMSA). On January 19, 2021, OMB submitted

1260-409: A single radio channel, and only one radio on the channel can transmit at a time, although any number can listen. The transceiver is normally in receive mode; when the user wants to talk they must press a " push-to-talk " (PTT) button that turns off the receiver and turns on the transmitter. Some units have additional features such as sending calls, call reception with vibration alarm, keypad locking, and

1330-1041: A specific frequency allocation. Consumer gear, on the other hand, is generally made to be small, lightweight, and capable of accessing any channel within the specified band, not just a subset of assigned channels. Military organizations use handheld radios for a variety of purposes. Modern units such as the AN/PRC-148 Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio (MBITR) can communicate on a variety of bands and modulation schemes and include encryption capabilities. Walkie-talkies (also known as HTs or "handheld transceivers") are widely used among amateur radio operators. While converted commercial gear by companies such as Motorola are not uncommon, many companies such as Yaesu , Icom , and Kenwood design models specifically for amateur use. While superficially similar to commercial and personal units (including such things as CTCSS and DCS squelch functions, used primarily to activate amateur radio repeaters ), amateur gear usually has

1400-422: A stopwatch. Smaller walkie-talkies are also very popular among young children. In accordance with ITU Radio Regulations , article 1.73, a walkie-talkie is classified as radio station / land mobile station . Handheld two-way radios were developed by the military from backpack radios carried by a soldier in an infantry squad to keep the squad in contact with their commanders. The Canadian inventor Donald Hings

1470-458: A wide-ranging international network. As mentioned, commercial walkie-talkies can sometimes be reprogrammed to operate on amateur frequencies. Amateur radio operators may do this for cost reasons or due to the fact that Public Safety grade commercial gear is more solidly constructed and better designed than purpose-built amateur gear that is built to a price. The personal walkie-talkie has become popular also because of licence-free services (such as

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1540-462: Is commonly used to refer to portable handheld ham radios, with "walkie-talkie" often used as a layman's term or specifically to refer to a toy. Public safety and commercial users generally refer to their handhelds simply as "radios". Surplus Motorola Handie-Talkies found their way into the hands of ham radio operators immediately following World War II. Motorola's public safety radios of the 1950s and 1960s were loaned or donated to ham groups as part of

1610-476: Is constrained by the modulation which is FM deviation (GMRS = +/- 5.0 kHz, FRS = +/- 2.5 kHz) plus the uncertainties of the filtering of the transmitter and receiver. Additionally receivers and transmitters may drift over time or temperature so the bandwidth is further constrained to prevent interference to the adjacent channel. Channel spacing is 25 kHz for GMRS and so a 20 kHz bandwidth fits into that channel with protection on each side. FRS channels are spaced within

1680-424: Is possible to add advanced squelch capabilities such as CTCSS (analog squelch) and DCS (digital squelch) (often marketed as "privacy codes") to inexpensive radios, as well as voice scrambling and trunking capabilities. Some units (especially amateur HTs) also include DTMF keypads for remote operation of various devices such as repeaters . Some models include VOX capability for hands-free operation, as well as

1750-648: The Civil Defense program. To avoid trademark infringement, other manufacturers use designations such as "Handheld Transceiver" or "Handie Transceiver" for their products. Walkie-talkies are widely used in any setting where portable radio communications are necessary, including business, public safety , military, outdoor recreation, and the like, and devices are available at numerous price points from inexpensive analog units sold as toys up to ruggedized (i.e. waterproof or intrinsically safe ) analog and digital units for use on boats or in heavy industry. Most countries allow

1820-687: The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex , Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads) , Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire) , and Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities) . MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office of the President , and are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. federal government agencies for statistical purposes. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines

1890-408: The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed removing the individual licensing requirement. In 2015, the FCC ruled to keep the license requirement, but to remove the regulator fee for licensing. Adopted on May 20, 2015, the ruling would be in effect after a 90–day notification period to Congress; the fee will not be eliminated before August 18, 2015. The fee for a 5–year license

1960-710: The effective radiated power does not exceed 5 watts. The 467 MHz interstitial frequencies have a power limit of 500 milliwatts ERP , and only hand-held portable units may transmit on these channels. All 22 Family Radio Service (FRS) frequencies are shared with GMRS, and users of the two services may communicate with each other. With the exception of FRS channels 8 through 14, GMRS licensees may use higher power radios with detachable or external antennas. Note: Some inexpensive GMRS mobiles and portables do not fully comply with FCC permissible modulation bandwidth for GMRS and thus have weak transmitter audio and reduced range. Conditions: Effective February 16, 1999,

2030-541: The line of sight propagation of UHF signals, experienced users consider such ratings to be wildly exaggerated, and some manufacturers have begun printing range ratings on the package based on terrain as opposed to simple power output. While the bulk of personal walkie-talkie traffic is in the 27 MHz and 400–500 MHz area of the UHF spectrum, there are some units that use the "Part 15" 49 MHz band (shared with cordless phones, baby monitors, and similar devices) as well as

2100-407: The "Part 15" 900 MHz band; in the US at least, units in these bands do not require licenses as long as they adhere to FCC Part 15 power output rules. A company called TriSquare is, as of July 2007, marketing a series of walkie-talkies in the United States, based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology operating in this frequency range under the name eXRS (eXtreme Radio Service—despite

2170-414: The 1960s, the UHF 450–470 MHz band was re-allocated to 25 kHz channels. This meant transmitter deviation was reduced to ±5 kHz. This doubled the number of channels available across the entire 450–470 MHz band. Class B Citizens Radio Service channels were re-allocated to other radio services. In the 1970s, allowed power was again changed to 50 watts across the output terminals of

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2240-471: The 462 MHz channels as outputs. The repeater input frequencies are exclusive to GMRS, and may be used only by licensed GMRS operators. GMRS operators are permitted to transmit at up to 50  watts transmitter power output , on the 16 main channels, but transmitting 1 to 5 watts is more common in practice. The interstitial frequencies are in-between the main channels, and the 462 MHz interstitial frequencies may be used for simplex as long as

2310-404: The CBSA if these counties have strong social and economic ties to the central county or counties as measured by commuting and employment. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if 25% of the workers living in the county work in the central county or counties, or if 25% of the employment in the county is held by workers who live in the central county or counties. Adjacent CBSAs are merged into

2380-478: The FRS band). Some cellular telephone networks offer a push-to-talk handset that allows walkie-talkie-like operation over the cellular network, without dialing a call each time. However, the cellphone provider must be accessible. In addition to land mobile use, waterproof walkie talkie designs are also used for marine VHF and aviation communications, especially on smaller boats and ultralight aircraft where mounting

2450-610: The FRS-only channels. Mobile units (permanently mounted in vehicles), base stations and repeaters are not currently permitted on the GMRS channels in Canada. Other countries have licensed and unlicensed personal radio services with somewhat similar characteristics, but technical details and operating conditions vary according to national rules. Many European countries use a similar 16–channel system near 446 MHz known as PMR446 , as well as

2520-433: The GMRS rules have been amended and one may operate on any of the primary or interstitial channels shown in section 95.1763. Exception: Licensees who operate North of Line A and East of Line C may not operate on channels 462.650 MHz, 467.650 MHz, 462.700 MHz and 467.700 MHz (ch. 19 and 21), unless one's previous license authorized such operations. The FCC stipulates a specific channel bandwidth for FRS and GMRS. The bandwidth

2590-605: The Galvin Manufacturing Company (forerunner of Motorola). The team consisted of Marion Bond, Lloyd Morris, Bill Vogel, Dan Noble , who conceived of the design using frequency modulation , and Henryk Magnuski , who was the principal RF engineer . The first handheld walkie-talkie was the AM SCR-536 transceiver from 1941, also made by Motorola, named the Handie-Talkie (HT). The terms are often confused today, but

2660-526: The Office of Management and Budget) and later renamed to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMAs) in 1959. The modern metropolitan statistical area was created in 1983 amid a large increase in the number of eligible markets, which grew from 172 in 1950 to 288 in 1980; the core based statistical area (CBSA) was introduced in 2000 and defined in 2003 with a minimum population of 10,000 required for micropolitan areas and 50,000 for urban areas. The 387 MSAs in

2730-488: The U.S. FRS , Europe's PMR446 and Australia's UHF CB ) in other countries. While FRS walkie-talkies are also sometimes used as toys because mass-production makes them low in cost, they have proper superheterodyne receivers and are a useful communication tool for both business and personal use. The boom in licence-free transceivers has, however, been a source of frustration to users of licensed services which are sometimes interfered with. For example, FRS and GMRS overlap in

2800-587: The United Kingdom. Designs for personal walkie-talkies are in any case tightly regulated, generally requiring non-removable antennas (with a few exceptions such as CB radio and the United States MURS allocation ) and forbidding modified radios. Most personal walkie-talkies sold are designed to operate in UHF allocations, and are designed to be very compact, with buttons for changing channels and other settings on

2870-513: The United States, resulting in substantial pirate use of the GMRS frequencies. Use of the GMRS frequencies (USA) requires a license; however most users either disregard this requirement or are unaware. Canada reallocated frequencies for licence-free use due to heavy interference from US GMRS users. The European PMR446 channels fall in the middle of a United States UHF amateur allocation, and the US FRS channels interfere with public safety communications in

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2940-429: The ability to attach external microphones and speakers. Consumer and commercial equipment differ in a number of ways; commercial gear is generally ruggedized, with metal cases, and often has only a few specific frequencies programmed into it (often, though not always, with a computer or other outside programming device; older units can simply swap crystals), since a given business or public safety agent must often abide by

3010-525: The communications range of the handheld or mobile device to retransmit messages violates sections 95.1733(a)(8) and 95.1749 of the Commission's rules, and potentially other rules in 47 C.F.R. Repeaters may be connected to the telephone network or other networks only for purposes of remote control of a GMRS station, not for carrying communication signals. " Wording changes did not affect local repeaters. This change did shut down several major nodes. This change

3080-568: The distance to the radio horizon can be estimated based on antenna height. Theoretically, the range between two hand-held units on flat ground would be about one or two miles (about 1.5–3 km). Mobile units might have a slightly farther range when mounted on a car roof. A GMRS repeater with an antenna mounted high above the surrounding terrain can extend the usable range to 20 miles or more (30+ km) depending on height. Obstructions such as hills, trees, and buildings will reduce range. Higher power does not give much increase in range although it may improve

3150-425: The end of a transmission or a series of transmissions, and at least once every 15 minutes for a series lasting more than 15 minutes. The call sign may be spoken or sent with audible tones using Morse code. A repeater station handling properly identified transmissions of others is not required to send its own station identification. As with other UHF radio services, reliable range is considered to be line-of-sight and

3220-434: The face of the radio and a short, fixed antenna. Most such units are made of heavy, often brightly colored plastic, though some more expensive units have ruggedized metal or plastic cases. Commercial-grade radios are often designed to be used on allocations such as GMRS or MURS (the latter of which has had very little readily available purpose-built equipment). In addition, CB walkie-talkies are available, but less popular due to

3290-411: The fee dropped from $ 70 to $ 35 starting on April 19, 2022. The license is still valid for 10 years and covers an entire family. GMRS use to be regularly linked to other Repeaters . The common practice for this linking was done via internet. This was commonly referred to GMRS Nodes . Around January 24, 2024 the FCC changed the wording on GMRs operations page that said " You cannot directly interconnect

3360-505: The final amplifier tube). The original service ran wideband FM with ±15 kHz transmitter deviation and 50 kHz channel spacing. At the time, this was the norm for all U.S. land mobile services. There was also a Class B Citizens Radio Service which used a different set of 461 MHz channels and was limited to five watts output. Business users were permitted to license in this radio service. Radios were built by consumer electronics firms and commercial two-way radio vendors. In

3430-536: The internet nor connected to the public switched telephone network . Any individual in the United States who is at least 18 years of age and not a representative of a foreign government may apply for a GMRS license by completing the application form, online through the FCC's Universal Licensing System. No exam is required. A GMRS license is issued for a 10–year term. The fee was reduced to $ 35 for all applicants on April 19, 2022. A GMRS individual license extends to immediate family members and authorizes them to use

3500-448: The knobs and switches in the radio are engineered to avoid producing sparks as they are operated. A variety of mobile apps exist that mimic a walkie-talkie/ push-to-talk style interaction. They are marketed as low-latency, asynchronous communication. The advantages touted over two-way voice calls include: the asynchronous nature not requiring full user interaction (like SMS ) and it is voice over IP ( VOIP ) so it does not use minutes on

3570-598: The licensed system. GMRS license holders are allowed to communicate with FRS users on those frequencies that are shared between the two services. GMRS individual licenses do not extend to employees. New GMRS licenses are being issued only to individuals. Prior to July 31, 1987, the FCC issued GMRS licenses to non-individuals (corporations, partnerships, government entities, etc.). These licensees are grandfathered and may renew but not make major modifications to their existing licenses. In any case, each GMRS station must be identified by transmission of its FCC-assigned call sign at

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3640-504: The metropolitan district for the 1910 census as a standardized classification for large urban centers and their surrounding areas. The original threshold for a metropolitan district was 200,000, but was lowered to 100,000 in 1930 and 50,000 in 1940. The metropolitan districts were replaced by standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) in the 1950 census , which were defined by the Bureau of the Budget (now

3710-659: The mid-1970s, the United States Marine Corps initiated an effort to develop a squad radio to replace the unsatisfactory helmet-mounted AN/PRR-9 receiver and receiver/transmitter handheld AN/PRT-4 (both developed by the US Army ). The AN/PRC-68, first produced in 1976 by Magnavox , was issued to the Marines in the 1980s, and was adopted by the US Army as well. The abbreviation HT, derived from Motorola's "Handie-Talkie" trademark,

3780-520: The name, a proprietary design, not an official allocation of the US FCC). The spread-spectrum scheme used in eXRS radios allows up to 10 billion virtual "channels" and ensures private communications between two or more units. Low-power versions, exempt from licence requirements, are also popular children's toys such as the Fisher Price Walkie-Talkie for children illustrated in the top image on

3850-502: The original walkie-talkie referred to the back mounted model, while the handie-talkie was the device which could be held entirely in the hand. Both devices used vacuum tubes and were powered by high voltage dry cell batteries. Following World War II, Raytheon developed the SCR-536's military replacement, the AN/PRC-6 . The AN/PRC-6 circuit used 13 vacuum tubes (receiver and transmitter);

3920-412: The propagation characteristics of the 27 MHz band and the general bulkiness of the gear involved. Personal walkie-talkies are generally designed to give easy access to all available channels (and, if supplied, squelch codes ) within the device's specified allocation. Personal two-way radios are also sometimes combined with other electronic devices; Garmin 's Rino series combine a GPS receiver in

3990-457: The receiver's speaker sometimes doubles as a microphone while in transmit mode. An unusual feature, common on children's walkie-talkies but seldom available otherwise even on amateur models, is a "code key", that is, a button allowing the operator to transmit Morse code or similar tones to another walkie-talkie operating on the same frequency. Generally the operator depresses the PTT button and taps out

4060-438: The reliability of communication at the limits of line-of-sight distance. GMRS is allotted 30 frequency channels in the vicinity of 462 MHz and 467 MHz. They are divided into 16 main channels and 14 interstitial channels. Licensees may use the eight main 462 MHz channels for simplex communication or repeater outputs. The eight main 467 MHz channels may only be used as repeater inputs, in conjunction with

4130-658: The right. Prior to the change of CB radio from licensed to "permitted by part" (FCC rules Part 95) status, the typical toy walkie-talkie available in North America was limited to 100 milliwatts of power on transmit and using one or two crystal-controlled channels in the 27 MHz citizens' band using amplitude modulation (AM) only. Later toy walkie-talkies operated in the 49 MHz band, some with frequency modulation (FM), shared with cordless phones and baby monitors. The lowest cost devices are very simple electronically (single-frequency, crystal-controlled , generally based on

4200-544: The roles that the licensed GMRS service fills in the United States are, in other countries, filled by unlicensed or class-licensed services. Generally these services have strict technical standards for equipment to prevent interference with licensed transmitters and systems. In Canada , hand-held GMRS radios up to 2 watts have been approved for use without a license since September 2004. Typically these are dual FRS and GMRS units, with fixed antennas, and operating at 2 watts on some GMRS channels and 0.5 watts on

4270-402: The sale of walkie-talkies for, at least, business, marine communications , and some limited personal uses such as CB radio , as well as for amateur radio designs. Walkie-talkies for public safety, and commercial and industrial uses may be part of trunked radio systems , which dynamically allocate radio channels for more efficient use of the limited radio spectrum. Such systems always work with

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4340-560: The same package as an FRS/GMRS walkie-talkie (allowing Rino users to transmit digital location data to each other) Some personal radios also include receivers for AM and FM broadcast radio and, where applicable, NOAA Weather Radio and similar systems broadcasting on the same frequencies. Some designs also allow the sending of text messages and pictures between similarly equipped units. While jobsite and government radios are often rated in power output, consumer radios are frequently and controversially rated in mile or kilometer ratings. Because of

4410-417: The shared FRS/GMRS channels. The FCC will not grant certification for hybrid radios that would exceed the limits for the FRS service on the FRS channels. Current "hybrid" FRS/GMRS radios will not require a GMRS license for power up to 2 watts, but FRS radios will still not be permitted to use the input frequencies of GMRS repeaters. Any radio exceeding the limits of the new FRS service will be classified as

4480-415: The transmitter. In 1987, licensing of business users was discontinued and businesses were allowed to continue operating until their licenses expired. There was congestion on all channels in larger metropolitan statistical areas and moving businesses to Business Radio Service channels would provide some relief. The radio service was changed to its present name; General Mobile Radio Service or GMRS. In 2010

4550-431: The user's smartphone and working over a radio interface. There are various types of accessories available for walkie-talkies such as rechargeable batteries, drop-in rechargers, multi-unit rechargers for charging as many as six units at a time, and an audio accessory jack that can be used for headsets or speaker microphones. Newer models allow the connection to wireless headsets via Bluetooth . Some models also came up with

4620-452: The war, walkie-talkies spread to public safety and eventually commercial and jobsite work. Typical walkie-talkies resemble a telephone handset , with a speaker built into one end and a microphone in the other (in some devices the speaker also is used as the microphone) and an antenna mounted on the top of the unit. They are held up to the face to talk. A walkie-talkie is a half-duplex communication device. Multiple walkie-talkies use

4690-547: The wifi integration such as Motorola XIRP 8600i series. Metropolitan statistical area Population In the United States , a metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the region. Such regions are not legally incorporated as a city or town would be and are not legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states . As

4760-399: Was $ 90, with the regulatory fee portion of the license at $ 5 per year (or $ 25 for the 5–year life of the license). After the notification period, the fee for a 5–year license was to become $ 65. The change became effective on September 3, 2015. Effective September 28, 2017, FCC revised the definition of the FRS service. FRS operation is now permitted with up to 2 watts on

4830-738: Was not official act, instead done through interpretation set fourth by the Chevron Defense . The changes and shutdowns of nodes has drawn mixed reactions. Walkie-talkie A walkie-talkie , more formally known as a handheld transceiver , HT , or handheld radio , is a hand-held, portable, two-way radio transceiver . Its development during the Second World War has been variously credited to Donald Hings , radio engineer Alfred J. Gross , Henryk Magnuski and engineering teams at Motorola . First used for infantry, similar designs were created for field artillery and tank units, and after

4900-472: Was the first to create a portable radio signaling system for his employer CM&S in 1937. He called the system a "packset", although it later became known as a "walkie-talkie". In 2001, Hings received the Order of Canada for the device's significance to the war effort. Hings' model C-58 "Handie-Talkie" was in military service by 1942, the result of a secret R&D effort that began in 1940. Alfred J. Gross ,

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