88-493: GD may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] G-Dragon (born 1988), leader of the South Korean musical group Big Bang Grateful Dead , an American rock band Green Day , an American rock band Geometry Dash , a side-scrolling music platforming video game for mobile devices and computers. Business and economics [ edit ] Gardner Denver ,
176-597: A diabetic coma for several days in July 1986, leading to the cancelation of all concerts in the fall of that year. Garcia recovered, the band released In the Dark in July 1987, which became its best-selling studio album and produced its only top-40 single, " Touch of Grey ," Also, that year, the group toured with Bob Dylan , as heard on the album Dylan & the Dead . Mydland died in July 1990 and Vince Welnick , former keyboardist for
264-487: A 17-year undercover joint investigation by the Illinois Department of Corrections , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives , Hoover was arrested for conspiracy , extortion , money laundering, drug-related offenses, and continuing to engage in a criminal enterprise. The investigation used wiretaps to determine that Hoover was still operating in illegal activities within
352-475: A US-based manufacturer of industrial equipment General Dynamics , a US-based defense conglomerate Good Delivery , a specification for gold and silver bars Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen , a Norwegian newspaper Composite Index on the Athens Stock Exchange (stock symbol GD) Mathematics, science and technology [ edit ] Biology and medicine [ edit ] Gaucher's disease ,
440-508: A chemical element Soman , a toxic chemical (NATO designation GD) Computing [ edit ] GD Graphics Library , for dynamically manipulating images GD-ROM , storage media for the Sega Dreamcast .gd , the country code top-level domain for Grenada GDScript , the built-in language for the Godot game engine Gaming [ edit ] A shortened version of the name of
528-504: A couple of records featuring electric instrumentation. Grateful Dead members have said that it was after attending a concert by the touring New York City band the Lovin' Spoonful that they decided to "go electric" and look for a "dirtier" sound. Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir (both of whom had been immersed in the American folk music revival of the late 1950s and early 1960s), were open-minded about
616-646: A few albums. Hart has toured with his world music percussion ensemble Planet Drum as well as the Mickey Hart Band. Kreutzmann has led several different bands, including BK3 , 7 Walkers (with Papa Mali ), and Billy & the Kids . Donna Godchaux has returned to the music scene, with the Donna Jean Godchaux Band , and Tom Constanten also continues to write and perform music. All of these groups continue to play Grateful Dead music. In October 2014, it
704-592: A folk music coffeehouse operated by Stanford Medical Center doctors Stuart "Stu" Goldstein and David "Dave" Shoenstadt on University Avenue in Palo Alto (1963). As the Warlocks, the band's first show was at Magoo's Pizza Parlor, at 639 Santa Cruz Avenue in suburban Menlo Park , on May 5, 1965, now a Harvest furniture store. The band continued playing bar shows, like Frenchy's Bikini-A-Go-Go in Hayward and, importantly, five sets
792-798: A great deal of their character to his experience playing Scruggs style banjo, an approach which often makes use of note syncopation , accenting , arpeggios , staccato chromatic runs , and the anticipation of the downbeat . Garcia had a distinctive sense of timing , often weaving in and out of the groove established by the rest of the band as if he were pushing the beat. His lead lines were also immensely influenced by jazz soloists : Garcia cited Miles Davis , Ornette Coleman , Bill Evans , Pat Martino , George Benson , Al Di Meola , Art Tatum , Duke Ellington , and Django Reinhardt as primary influences, and frequently utilized techniques common to country and blues music in songs that called back to those traditions. Garcia often switched scales in
880-626: A lipid storage diseases Gender dysphoria , distress caused by a difference between the sex and gender a person was assigned at birth Generalized dystonia , a neurological movement disorder Gestational diabetes , a form of diabetes associated with pregnancy Graves' disease , an autoimmune thyroid disorder Gain of deiodinases or Sum activity of peripheral deiodinases , used in diagnosis of thyroid disorders Grover's disease , another name for Transient acantholytic dermatosis Video game addiction , also known as gaming disorder Chemistry [ edit ] Gadolinium , symbol Gd,
968-623: A night, five nights a week, for six weeks, at the In Room in Belmont as the Warlocks, but quickly changed the band's name after finding out that a different band known as the Warlocks had put out a record under that name. ( The Velvet Underground also had to change its name from the Warlocks.) The name " Grateful Dead " was chosen from a dictionary. According to Lesh, Garcia "picked up an old Britannica World Language Dictionary ... [and] ... In that silvery elf-voice he said to me, 'Hey, man, how about
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#17328557125921056-467: A number of concerts that year, releasing a live album, The Strange Remain , the following year. In 2000, the Other Ones toured again, this time with Kreutzmann but without Lesh. After taking another year off, the band toured again in 2002 with Lesh. That year, the Other Ones then included all four living former Grateful Dead members who had been in the band for most or all of its history. At different times
1144-543: A psychedelic, kaleidoscopic tapestry in the hopes of elucidating America's national character . At least one of Hunter and Bob Weir's collaborations, " Jack Straw ", was inspired by the work of John Steinbeck . Grateful Dead have been called a "symbol of the counterculture movement of the sixties ". Beginning in the early 1990s, a new generation of bands became inspired by the Grateful Dead's improvisational ethos and marketing strategy , and began to incorporate elements of
1232-592: A rival board member , in Chicago. Other acts of violence alleged as part of the conspiracy include a nightclub stabbing in East St. Louis, Illinois , a nonfatal shooting in Cape Girardeau and multiple unsuccessful murder plots. The seven-member indictment also claimed drug trafficking by two members, including a scheme to smuggle the synthetic drug " K2 " into a Scott County, Missouri state prison. On August 22, 1995, after
1320-399: A second lead guitar. In contrast to most bassists in popular music , Lesh often avoids playing the root of a chord on the downbeat, instead withholding as a means to build tension . Lesh also rarely repeats the same bassline, even from performance to performance of the same song, and often plays off of or around the other instruments with a syncopated , staccato bounce that contributes to
1408-644: A small street gang called the 'Supreme Gangsters'. For years, the Supreme Gangsters had an outstanding war with the Black Disciples Nation, led by David Barksdale. In 1969, Hoover and Barksdale agreed to a ceasefire . This resulted in the creation of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation. By the early 1970s, the BGDN dominated the Chicago gang scene. Barksdale died of kidney failure in 1974, at
1496-433: A standard set, played with minor variations, the Grateful Dead did not prepare in this way. Garcia stated in a 1966 interview, "We don't make up our sets beforehand. We'd rather work off the tops of our heads than off a piece of paper." They maintained this approach throughout their career. For each performance, the band drew material from an active list of a hundred or so songs. The 1969 live album Live/Dead did capture
1584-593: A substitution of God used by some religiously observant Jews to refer to YHWH Toyota GD engine , a straight-4 piston diesel engine developed by Toyota in 2015 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title GD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GD&oldid=1253858001 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1672-528: A unique, complex interplay, balancing Kreutzmann's steady shuffle beat with Hart's interest in percussion styles outside the rock tradition. Kreuzmann has said, "I like to establish a feeling and then add radical or oblique juxtapositions to that feeling." Hart incorporated an 11-count measure to his drumming, bringing a dimension to the band's sound that became an important part of its style. He had studied tabla drumming and incorporated rhythms and instruments from world music , and later electronic music , into
1760-452: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grateful Dead The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in Palo Alto, California in 1965. Known for their eclectic style that fused elements of rock, blues , jazz , folk , country , bluegrass , rock and roll , gospel , reggae , and world music with psychedelia ,
1848-518: The Disco Biscuits . Many of these groups began to look past the American roots music that the Grateful Dead drew inspiration from, and incorporated elements of progressive rock , hard rock , and electronica . At the same time, the Internet gained popularity and provided a medium for fans to discuss these bands and their performances and download MP3s . The Grateful Dead, as well as Phish, were one of
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#17328557125921936-600: The Hollywood Bowl , in Los Angeles; he died on March 8, 1973, of complications from liver damage. Pigpen's death did not slow down the Grateful Dead. With the help of manager Ron Rakow , the band soon formed its own record label, Grateful Dead Records . Later that year, it released its next studio album, the jazz-influenced Wake of the Flood , which became their biggest commercial success thus far. Meanwhile, capitalizing on
2024-467: The Kennedy Center Honors . The Grateful Dead began their career as the Warlocks, a group formed in early 1965 from the remnants of a Palo Alto, California jug band called Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions and members of The Wildwood Boys (Jerry Garcia, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, David Nelson, Robert Hunter, and Norm Van Maastricht). As The Wildwood Boys they played regularly at The Tangent,
2112-815: The Latin Eagles . The Gangster Disciples are active in over 100 cities and 50 states, predominantly in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States , and remnants also maintain a significant presence in the U.S. prison system. The gang had between approximately 50,000 and 90,000 members. The gang had expanded through the North and West Sides of Chicago, as well as Indianapolis , Minneapolis , Kansas City , Detroit , Milwaukee , Cincinnati , Birmingham , Hattiesburg , and co-founder Hoover's birthplace of Jackson . They first emerged in significant numbers in Memphis, Tennessee in
2200-491: The Rhythm Devils , Phil Lesh and Friends , RatDog , and Billy & the Kids . Despite having only one Top-40 single in their 30-year career, " Touch of Grey " (1987), the Grateful Dead remained among the highest-grossing American touring acts for decades. They gained a committed fanbase by word of mouth and through the free exchange of their live recordings, encouraged by the band's allowance of taping . In 2024, they broke
2288-473: The jam band world". The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area during the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s . The band's founding members were Jerry Garcia ( lead guitar and vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar and vocals), Ron "Pigpen" McKernan ( keyboards , harmonica , and vocals), Phil Lesh ( bass guitar and vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann ( drums ). Members of
2376-644: The 1980s, the first modern street gang to do so. In 1989, Hoover's attention of the Black Gangster Disciples began to die down as he focused solely on the Gangster Disciples, enraging parts of the BGDN's subsets and the Folk Nation. Members of the Black Disciples decided to splinter from the Black Gangster Disciples, resulting in the reinvention of the original gang name and the incorporation of
2464-492: The Acid Tests and who, in early 1966, became the band's financial backer, renting them a house on the fringes of Watts, Los Angeles , and buying them sound equipment. "We were living solely off of Owsley's good graces at that time. ... [His] trip was he wanted to design equipment for us, and we were going to have to be in sort of a lab situation for him to do it", said Garcia. One of the group's earliest major performances in 1967
2552-520: The Acid Tests was crucial both to the development of their improvisational vocabulary and to their bonding as a band, with the group having set out to foster an intra-band musical telepathy. Kaler has further pointed out that the Dead's pursuit of a new improvisatory rock language in 1965 chronologically coincided with that same goal's adoption by Jefferson Airplane , Pink Floyd and the Velvet Underground . Earlier demo tapes have survived, but
2640-436: The Dead's unique rhythmic character. Weir, too, was not a traditional rhythm guitarist , but tended to play unique inversions at the upper end of the Dead's sound. Weir modeled his style of playing after jazz pianist McCoy Tyner and attempted to replicate the interplay between John Coltrane and Tyner in his support, and occasional subversion, of the harmonic structure of Garcia's voice leadings. This would often influence
2728-679: The GDs. In 1997, he stood trial in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . Hoover was found guilty on all charges. He was sentenced to three additional life terms in federal prison. Hoover is currently serving his sentence at the ADX Florence in Fremont County, Colorado . In July 2022, Hoover claimed to have renounced his gang ties, ending his affiliation with the Gangster Disciples. The predominant symbols of this gang are
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2816-439: The Gangster Disciples street gang killed Sergeant Juwan Johnson of the U.S. Army in the small town of Hohenecken (part of the city of Kaiserslautern ) near Ramstein , Germany . Prosecutors accused U.S. Air Force Senior Airman Rico Williams of being the first one to start attacking Johnson in a six-minute beating that he had to endure to join the gang. After the beating Johnson asked one of his fellow gang members to take him to
2904-547: The Garcia biography Captain Trips , author Sandy Troy states that the band was smoking the psychedelic DMT at the time. The motif of the "grateful dead" appears in folktales from a variety of cultures. The first show under the name Grateful Dead was in San Jose on December 4, 1965, at one of Ken Kesey 's Acid Tests . Scholar Michael Kaler has written that the Dead's participation in
2992-491: The Grateful Dead for 11 years until his death by narcotics overdose in July 1990, becoming the third keyboardist to die. Shortly after Mydland found his place in the early 1980s, Garcia's health began to decline. He became a frequent smoker of "Persian," a type of heroin, and he gained weight at a rapid pace. He lost his liveliness on stage, his voice was strained, and Deadheads worried for his health. After he began to curtail his opiate usage gradually in 1985, Garcia slipped into
3080-628: The Grateful Dead song " Althea ", and that soon Grateful Dead music was all he would listen to. Dead & Company toured every year (except 2020), until announcing that their summer 2023 tour, which saw Kreutzmann replaced by Lane, would be their last. However, they later clarified that it was only their last tour , and they continue to perform concerts. Since 1995, the former members of the Grateful Dead have also pursued solo music careers. Both Bob Weir & RatDog and Phil Lesh and Friends have performed many concerts and released several albums. Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann have also each released
3168-522: The Grateful Dead". The shows were performed on June 27 and 28 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California , and on July 3, 4 and 5 at Soldier Field in Chicago . The band stated that this would be the final time that Weir, Lesh, Hart, and Kreutzmann would perform together. They were joined by Trey Anastasio of Phish on guitar, Jeff Chimenti on keyboards, and Bruce Hornsby on piano. Demand for tickets
3256-418: The Grateful Dead's live performances into their own shows. These include the nightly alteration of setlists , frequent improvisation, the blending of genres , and the allowance of taping , which would often contribute to the development of a dedicated fanbase. Bands associated with the expansion of the "jam scene" include Phish , The String Cheese Incident , Widespread Panic , Blues Traveler , moe. , and
3344-589: The Grateful Dead, "They're not the best at what they do, they're the only ones that do what they do." Academics Paul Hegarty and Martin Halliwell argued that the Grateful Dead were "not merely as precursors of prog but as essential developments of progressiveness in its early days". Often (both in performance and on recording) the Dead left room for exploratory, spacey soundscapes. Their live shows, fed by an improvisational approach to music, were different from most touring bands. While rock and roll bands often rehearse
3432-425: The Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks , had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to Grateful Dead, replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With
3520-459: The Grateful Dead?'" The definition there was "the soul of a dead person, or his angel, showing gratitude to someone who, as an act of charity, arranged their burial." According to Alan Trist, director of the Grateful Dead's music publisher company Ice Nine, Garcia found the name in the Funk & Wagnalls Folklore Dictionary , when his finger landed on that phrase while playing a game of Fictionary . In
3608-642: The Tubes , joined as a band member, while Bruce Hornsby , who had a successful career with his band the Range, joined temporarily as a bridge to help Welnick learn songs. Both performed on keyboards and vocals—Welnick until the band's end, and Hornsby mainly from 1990 to 1992. Saxophonist Branford Marsalis played five concerts with the band between 1990 and 1994. The Grateful Dead performed its final concert on July 9, 1995, at Soldier Field in Chicago. Jerry Garcia died on August 9, 1995. A few months after Garcia's death,
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3696-608: The United States by a single act for 47 years. Keith and Donna Jean Godchaux left the band in February 1979, citing artistic differences. Following the Godchauxs' departure, Brent Mydland joined as keyboardist and vocalist and was considered "the perfect fit." The Godchauxs then formed the Heart of Gold Band , before Keith died in a car accident in July 1980. Mydland was the keyboardist for
3784-700: The United States in 2003, 2004 and 2009. The band's lineups included Jimmy Herring and Warren Haynes on guitar, Jeff Chimenti and Rob Barraco on keyboards, and Joan Osborne on vocals. In 2008, members of the Dead played two concerts, called " Deadheads for Obama " and " Change Rocks ". Following the 2009 Dead tour, Lesh and Weir formed the band Furthur , which debuted in September 2009. Joining Lesh and Weir in Furthur were Chimenti (keyboards), John Kadlecik (guitar), Joe Russo (drums), Jay Lane (drums), Sunshine Becker (vocals), and Zoe Ellis (vocals). Lane and Ellis left
3872-758: The age of 27. Following his death, Hoover assumed full control of the Black Gangster Disciples. In 1978, the BGDN began to splinter into three distinct factions: Black Gangsters, Black Disciples and Gangster Disciples; however, Hoover (at the time incarcerated on murder charges) prevented it by quickly setting up an alliance of all street and prison gangs in his interest into one family. The alliance consisted of Gangster Disciples, Black Disciples, Satan Disciples, Latin Disciples , Spanish Gangster Disciples , Ambrose, Two-One Boys, Two-Two Boys, Two-Sixers/Two-Six Boys, Simon City Royals , North Side Insane Popes , La Raza , Spanish Cobras , Imperial Gangsters, Harrison Gents, and
3960-738: The album's success, the band soon went back to the studio, and in June 1974 released another album, From the Mars Hotel . Not long after, the Dead decided to take a hiatus from live touring . The band travelled to Europe for a string of shows in September 1974, before performing a series of five concerts at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco in October 1974, and delved into various other projects. The Winterland concerts were filmed, and Garcia compiled
4048-872: The band modulates to a new tonal center . Some of the Dead's more extended jam vehicles, such as " The Other One ", " Dark Star ", and " Playing in the Band " almost exclusively make use of modulation between modes to accompany simple two-chord progressions. Following the songwriting renaissance that defined the band's early 1970s period, as reflected in the albums Workingman's Dead and American Beauty , Robert Hunter , Jerry Garcia's primary lyrical partner, frequently made use of motifs common to American folklore including trains, guns, elements, traditional musical instruments , gambling, murder, animals, alcohol, descriptions of American geography , and religious symbolism to illustrate themes involving love and loss, life and death, beauty and horror, and chaos and order. Following in
4136-441: The band in 2010, and vocalist Jeff Pehrson joined later that year. Furthur disbanded in 2014. In 2010, Hart and Kreutzmann re-formed the Rhythm Devils , and played a summer concert tour. In the fall of 2015, Hart, Kreutzmann and Weir teamed up with Chimenti, guitarist John Mayer , and bassist Oteil Burbridge to form a band called Dead & Company . Mayer recounted that in 2011 he was listening to Pandora and happened upon
4224-614: The band in-form, but commercial success did not come until Workingman's Dead and American Beauty , both released in 1970. These records largely featured the band's laid-back acoustic musicianship and more traditional song structures. With their rootsy, eclectic stylings, particularly evident on the latter two albums, the band pioneered the hybrid Americana genre. As the band and its sound matured over thirty years of touring, playing, and recording, each member's stylistic contribution became more defined, consistent, and identifiable. Garcia's lead lines were fluid, supple and spare, owing
4312-423: The band is famous for improvisation during their live performances , and for their devoted fan base, known as " Deadheads ". According to the musician and writer Lenny Kaye , the music of the Grateful Dead "touches on ground that most other groups don't even know exists." For the range of their influences and the structure of their live performances, the Grateful Dead are considered "the pioneering godfathers of
4400-528: The band's intellectual property and merchandising rights. At Kant's recommendation, the group was one of the few rock 'n roll pioneers to retain ownership of their music masters and publishing rights . Gangster Disciples The Gangster Disciple Nation (often abbreviated as the GD 's; formally, GDN ), also known as Growth & Development , is an African American street and prison gang founded by former rivals David Barksdale and Larry Hoover ; in 1968,
4488-407: The band's extended, psychedelic improvisation , likely inspired by John Coltrane and other jazz artists' interest in the sitar music of Ravi Shankar . Lesh was originally a classically trained trumpet player with an extensive background in music theory , but did not tend to play traditional blues-based bass forms. He often played more melodic, symphonic and complex lines, often sounding like
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#17328557125924576-410: The band's live performances. The Dead's live performances featured multiple types of improvisation derived from a vast array of musical traditions. Not unlike many rock bands of their time, the majority of the Dead's songs feature a designated section in which an instrumental break occurs over the chord changes . These sections typically feature solos by Garcia that often originate as variations on
4664-480: The band's money; Kreutzmann was once again as the sole percussionist. Hart rejoined the Grateful Dead for good in October 1974. Tom "TC" Constanten was added as a second keyboardist from 1968 to 1970, to help Pigpen keep up with an increasingly psychedelic sound, while Pigpen transitioned into playing various percussion instruments and vocals. After Constanten's departure, Pigpen reclaimed his position as sole keyboardist. Less than two years later, in late 1971, Pigpen
4752-458: The direction the band's improvisation would take on a given night. Weir and Garcia's respective positions as rhythm and lead guitarist were not always strictly adhered to, as Weir would often incorporate short melodic phrases into his playing to support Garcia and occasionally took solos, often played with a slide . Weir's playing is characterized by a "spiky, staccato" sound. The band's two drummers, Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann , developed
4840-635: The dynamic range of the human experience (Heaven and hell, law and crime, dark and light, etc.). Hunter and Garcia's earlier, more directly psychedelic-influenced compositions often make use of surreal imagery, nonsense , and whimsey reflective of traditions in English poetry . In a retrospective, The New Yorker described Hunter's verses as "elliptical, by turns vivid and gnomic ", which were often "hippie poetry about roses and bells and dew". Grateful Dead biographer Dennis McNally has described Hunter's lyrics as creating "a non-literal hyper-Americana" weaving
4928-598: The exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who left the band from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. Other official members of the band included Tom Constanten (keyboards from 1968 to 1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist from 1971 to 1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards and occasional vocals from 1971 to 1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals from 1972 to 1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards and vocals from 1979 to 1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards and vocals from 1990 to 1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals)
5016-424: The first bands to have a Usenet newsgroup. Hal Kant was an entertainment industry attorney who specialized in representing musical groups. He spent 35 years as principal lawyer and general counsel for the Grateful Dead, a position in the group that was so strong that his business cards with the band identified his role as "Czar". Kant brought the band millions of dollars in revenue through his management of
5104-617: The first of over 2,000 concerts known to have been recorded by the band's fans was a show at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco on January 8, 1966. Later that month, the Grateful Dead played at the Trips Festival, a three-day psychedelic rock weekend party and event produced by Ken Kesey , Stewart Brand , and Ramon Sender , that, in conjunction with the Merry Pranksters , brought the nascent hippie movement together for
5192-527: The first time. Other supporting personnel who joined early included Rock Scully , who heard of the band from Kesey and signed on as manager after meeting them at the Big Beat Acid Test; Stewart Brand , "with his side show of taped music and slides of Indian life, a multimedia presentation" at the Big Beat and then, expanded, at the Trips Festival; and Owsley Stanley , the "Acid King" whose LSD supplied
5280-405: The footage into The Grateful Dead Movie , a feature-length concert film released in 1977. In September 1975, the Dead released their eighth studio album, Blues for Allah . The band resumed touring in June 1976, playing multiple dates in small theaters, rather than the stadium shows that had become common, and had exhausted them, in 1974. That same year, they signed with Arista Records , and
5368-432: The footsteps of several American musical traditions , these songs are often confessional and feature narration from the perspective of an antihero . Critic Robert Christgau described them as "American myths" that later gave way to "the old karma-go-round". An extremely common feature in both Robert Hunter's lyrics, as well as the band's visual iconography, is the presence of dualistic and opposing imagery illustrating
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#17328557125925456-462: The game titled Geometry Dash Mathematics [ edit ] Gaussian distribution , also called the normal distribution, an important family of continuous probability distributions Generalized Dirichlet distribution , a probability distribution used in statistics Gudermannian function , used in map-making Places [ edit ] Georgia Dome , a stadium in Atlanta, Georgia and
5544-712: The home of the Atlanta Falcons Grenada (ISO 3166 country code) Guangdong , a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation GD) Other uses [ edit ] Gangster Disciples , a black street gang in the United States General Delivery (French: Poste restante ), a service where the post office holds mail until the recipient calls for it Georgian Dream , a political party in the country of Georgia Goal difference , in sport Scottish Gaelic language (ISO 639-1 code gd ) Subaru Impreza (second generation) sedan (ID code: GD) G-d,
5632-400: The hospital. Williams then ordered his gang members not to take him there. Johnson later died from multiple blunt-force trauma injuries. According to the government's investigations, Williams was the leader of the gang set operating on base. Senior Airman Williams was sentenced to 22 years in prison, while other servicemen faced sentences ranging from 2 to 12 years. Some of the charges against
5720-529: The investigation. On January 25, 2021, seven members of the gang throughout Naperville, Illinois , and Cape Girardeau, Missouri , were all arrested and charged with RICO-related federal charges. The charges alleged that on April 28, 2018, three members under a leader's order, allegedly killed Leroy Allen as part of a leadership dispute at a Gangster Disciples meeting in Bridgeton, Missouri . A month later, on May 18, two other members allegedly killed Ernest Wilson,
5808-435: The killings. He was convicted on all counts and sentenced to six death sentences plus 120 years for the three children (his niece and nephews) that he attempted to kill. The Gangster Disciples were cleared of any involvement. On July 21, 2020, a car pulled up to a funeral home in Chicago's Englewood area, and two gunmen infiltrated the property, opening fire. Fifteen people were wounded, with no reported fatalities. The funeral
5896-529: The midst of a solo depending upon the chord changes played underneath, though he nearly always finished phrases by landing on the chord-tones . Jerry most frequently played in the Mixolydian mode , though his solos and phrases often incorporated notes from the Dorian and major/minor pentatonic scales . Particularly in the late 1960s, Garcia occasionally incorporated melodic lines derived from Indian ragas into
5984-472: The new Gangster Disciples. Other members who felt disrespected by Hoover's declining orders decided to get his attention again by instigating gang-related shootings toward the new GD's. Two noted shootings that related to the dispute between the two Disciple gangs was a drug-related shooting that killed some members of the Gangster Disciples and the 1991 revenge murder of Black Disciple leader Mickey "Bull" Johnson. On July 3, 2005, men claiming to be members of
6072-539: The new contract produced Terrapin Station in July 1977. The band's tour in the spring of that year is held in high regard by its fans, and its concert of May 8 at Cornell University is often considered one of the best performances of its career. Their September 1977 concert at Raceway Park in Old Bridge Township, New Jersey was attended by 107,019 people and held the record for largest-ticketed concert in
6160-518: The night with his father and siblings. Severely injured in the attack were Cecil and Marissa's other three children nine-year-old Cecil Dotson Jr., five-year-old Cedric and two-month-old Ce'niyah. Allegations were originally made that the Gangster Disciples were responsible for the event which came to be known as "The Lester Street Massacre" and was featured in two separate episodes of The First 48 on A&E . Cecil and his family were butchered by Dotson's own brother, Jessie, who eventually confessed to
6248-779: The record for most Top-40 albums on the Billboard 200 chart. Rolling Stone ranked the Grateful Dead number 57 on its 2011 list of the " 100 Greatest Artists of All Time ". The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, and a recording of their May 8, 1977 performance at Cornell University 's Barton Hall was added to the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2012 for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 2024, Weir, Lesh, Kreutzmann, and Hart were recognized as part of
6336-410: The remaining members of the Grateful Dead decided to disband. Since that time, there have been a number of reunions by the surviving members involving various combinations of musicians. Additionally, the former members have also begun or continued individual projects. In 1998, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, and Mickey Hart, along with several other musicians, formed a band called the Other Ones , and performed
6424-650: The servicemen were: Williams, second-degree murder and witness tampering; Air Force Staff Sergeant Jerome Jones, conspiracy to commit assault, gang participation, and other charges; Airman Nicholas Sims and Army Sergeant Rodney Howell; involuntary manslaughter; Private Terrance Norman, voluntary manslaughter. The Gangster Disciples were implicated in the 2008 murders of member Cecil Dotson Sr., his fiancée Marissa Williams, fellow member Hollis Seals, and his girlfriend Shindri Roberson. Also killed were Cecil and Marissa's 4-year-old son Cemario and Cecil's son with Erica Smith, 2-year-old Cecil Dotson II. The toddler had been spending
6512-414: The shifting lineup of the Other Ones also included guitarists Mark Karan , Steve Kimock , and Jimmy Herring , keyboardists Bruce Hornsby , Jeff Chimenti , and Rob Barraco , saxophonist Dave Ellis , drummer John Molo , bassist Alphonso Johnson , and vocalist Susan Tedeschi . In 2003, the Other Ones, still including Weir, Lesh, Hart, and Kreutzmann, changed their name to the Dead . The Dead toured
6600-473: The song's melody , but go on to create dynamic phrases that resolve by returning to the chord-tones. Not unlike traditional improvisational jazz , they may occasionally feature several solos by multiple instruments within an undecided number of bars , such as a keyboardist, before returning to the melody. At the same time, Dead shows almost always feature a more collective, modal approach to improvisation that typically occurs during segues between songs before
6688-717: The two came together to form the Black Gangster Disciple Nation ( BGDN ). Post-1989, following growing tension between the two over declining leadership, the BGDN split into two new factions—Hoover's Gangster Disciple Nation (GDN) and Barksdale's Black Disciple Nation (BDN), respectively. As of 2022, following Hoover's departure, the GDN has no full-time leadership role. The origins of the Gangster Disciples began in Englewood (in Chicago , Illinois 's South Side ) in 1964 , when then 13-year-old Larry 'The King' Hoover joined
6776-777: The use of electric guitars. The Grateful Dead's early music (in the mid-1960s) was part of the process of establishing what " psychedelic music " was, but theirs was essentially a "street party" form of it. They developed their "psychedelic" playing as a result of meeting Ken Kesey in Palo Alto, California , and subsequently becoming the house band for the Acid Tests he staged. They did not fit their music to an established category such as pop rock, blues, folk rock, or country & western. Individual tunes within their repertoire could be identified under one of these stylistic labels, but overall their music drew on all of these genres and, more frequently, melded several of them. Bill Graham said of
6864-432: The youngest original member of the group, played rhythm guitar . Ron "Pigpen" McKernan played keyboards , percussion , and harmonica until shortly before his death in 1973 at the age of 27 . Garcia, Weir, and McKernan shared the lead vocal duties more or less equally; Lesh sang only a few leads, but his tenor was a key part of the band's three-part vocal harmonies. Bill Kreutzmann played drums , and in September 1967
6952-614: Was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours. After Garcia's death in 1995, former members of the band, along with other musicians, toured as The Other Ones in 1998, 2000, and 2002, and as The Dead in 2003, 2004, and 2009. In 2015, the four surviving core members marked the band's 50th anniversary in a series of concerts in Santa Clara, California , and Chicago that were billed as their last performances together. There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more core members, such as Dead & Company , Furthur ,
7040-510: Was a hit man for the gang. The indictment alleges that Gangster Disciples members committed 10 murders, 12 attempted murders, 2 robberies, the extortion of rap artists to force the artists to become affiliated with the Gangster Disciples, and fraud resulting in losses of over $ 450,000. In addition, the Gangster Disciples trafficked in large amounts of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, illegal prescription drugs, and marijuana. The indictment also seek forfeiture of 34 different firearms seized as part of
7128-576: Was announced that Martin Scorsese would produce a documentary film about the Grateful Dead, to be directed by Amir Bar-Lev . David Lemieux supervised the musical selection, and Weir, Hart, Kreutzmann, and Lesh agreed to new interviews for the film. Bar-Lev's four-hour documentary, titled Long Strange Trip , was released in 2017. Barlow died in 2018 and Hunter in 2019. Lesh died in 2024. In 2015, Weir, Lesh, Kreutzmann, and Hart reunited for five concerts called "Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of
7216-455: Was for a victim killed a week prior, and was allegedly involving a dispute between two Gangster Disciples factions. In 1989, a member of the Gangster Disciples was arrested on felony drug-related offenses. He was found guilty and sentenced to 28 years in prison. On April 27, 2016, 32 members of Gangster Disciples were arrested on RICO charges by federal agents. Among the 32 arrested was a former Atlanta-area police officer who prosecutors say
7304-465: Was joined by a second drummer, New York City native Mickey Hart , who also played a wide variety of other percussion instruments . 1970 included tour dates in New Orleans , where the band performed at The Warehouse for two nights. On January 31, 1970, the local police raided their hotel on Bourbon Street and arrested and charged 19 people with possession of various drugs. The second night's concert
7392-411: Was joined by another keyboardist, Keith Godchaux , who played grand piano alongside Pigpen's Hammond B-3 organ . In early 1972, Keith's wife, Donna Jean Godchaux , joined the Grateful Dead as a backing vocalist. Following the Grateful Dead's " Europe '72 " tour, Pigpen's health had deteriorated to the point that he could no longer tour with the band. His final concert appearance was June 17, 1972, at
7480-508: Was performed as scheduled after bail was posted. Eventually, the charges were dismissed, except those against sound engineer Owsley Stanley , who was already facing charges in California for manufacturing LSD. This event was later memorialized in the lyrics of “ Truckin' ", a single from American Beauty that reached number 64 on the charts. Hart took time off from the band in February 1971, after his father, an accountant, absconded with much of
7568-497: Was released on Warner Brothers in 1967. On May 3, 1968, the band played a free concert at Columbia University during the anti–Vietnam War student protests during which students occupied several campus buildings. In order to play, the band, equipment and all, had to be “smuggled” on campus in the back of a bread delivery truck. “We were already jamming away before the security and police could stop us.” Classically trained trumpeter Phil Lesh performed on bass guitar . Bob Weir ,
7656-721: Was the Mantra-Rock Dance , a musical event held on January 29, 1967, at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. The Grateful Dead performed at the event along with the Hare Krishna founder Bhaktivedanta Swami , poet Allen Ginsberg , bands Moby Grape and Big Brother and the Holding Company with Janis Joplin , donating proceeds to the temple. The band's first LP, The Grateful Dead ,
7744-693: Was very high. The concerts were simulcast via various media. The Chicago shows have been released as a box set of CDs and DVDs. The Grateful Dead formed during the era when bands such as the Beatles , the Beach Boys and the Rolling Stones were dominating the airwaves. "The Beatles were why we turned from a jug band into a rock 'n' roll band", said Bob Weir. "What we saw them doing was impossibly attractive. I couldn't think of anything else more worth doing." Former folk-scene star Bob Dylan had recently put out
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