Misplaced Pages

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26-715: The school received its operating charter in 1995. It was one of the first 19 charter schools to ever open in the State of Texas. According to an article of the African-American News and Issues , Carroll Salley, a former employee of the Houston Independent School District (HISD), opened the school because she did not like how African-American students were treated in that district. Initially it had high school grades only but later added earlier grades. It catered to students classified as "at risk". Kimya McKinney,

52-479: A charter school is "an ambitious enterprise for anyone" and that since the TEA inspectors meant to oversee the school were "overburdened", the school "didn’t even get the minimal oversight a school chartered to a local school district would get — little attention was being paid to the school as matters continued to spiral out of control." The school's final president of the school's board of directors, Peter Clark, stated that

78-704: A wall that let black people into society. The Roanoke Tribune was founded in 1939 by Fleming Alexander , and recently celebrated its 75th anniversary. The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder is Minnesota's oldest black-owned newspaper and one of the United States' oldest ongoing minority publication, second only to The Jewish World . Many Black newspapers that began publishing in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s went out of business because they could not attract enough advertising. They were also victims of their own substantial efforts to eradicate racism and promote civil rights. As of 2002 , about 200 Black newspapers remained. With

104-463: Is estimated at 312,818. It has been described as "Texas' widest circulated and read newspaper with a Black perspective." It was established as a newspaper serving Acres Homes in 1996. This Houston -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Texas newspaper is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . African-American newspaper African American newspapers (also known as

130-706: The Richmond Planet and president of the National Afro-American Press Association; Anthony Overton (1865–1946), publisher of the Chicago Bee ; Garth C. Reeves Sr. (1919–2019), publisher emeritus of the Miami Times ; and Robert Lee Vann (1879–1940), the publisher and editor of the Pittsburgh Courier . In the 1940s, the number of newspapers grew from 150 to 250. From 1881 to 1909,

156-536: The National Colored Press Association (American Press Association) operated as a trade association. The National Negro Business League -affiliated National Negro Press Association filled that role from 1909 to 1939. The Chicago-based Associated Negro Press (1919–1964) was a subscription news agency "with correspondents and stringers in all major centers of black population". In 1940, Sengstacke led African American newspaper publishers in forming

182-681: The Reconstruction era , virtually every large city with a significant African American population had newspapers directed towards African Americans. These newspapers gained audiences outside African American circles. Demographic changes continued with the Great Migration from southern states to northern states from 1910 to 1930 and during the Second Great Migration from 1941 to 1970. In the 21st century, papers (like newspapers of all sorts) have shut down, merged, or shrunk in response to

208-661: The 1860s, the newspapers The Elevator and the Pacific Appeal emerged in California as a result of black participation in the Gold Rush. The American Freedman was a New York-based paper that served as an outlet to inspire African Americans to use the Reconstruction era as a time for social and political advancement. This newspaper did so by publishing articles that referenced African American mobilization during that era that had not only local support but had gained support from

234-456: The 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 school years. The agency sought to revoke its charter, and even though the school administration attempted to relieve itself of the debt in attempt to ward off the order, the TEA announced that its revocation was permanent. Ratcliffe stated that the school frequently faced financial problems and instability, and that the agency had on two occasions each attempted to correct it with conservators and monitors, respectively. Of

260-558: The Black press or Black newspapers ) are news publications in the United States serving African American communities. Samuel Cornish and John Brown Russwurm started the first African American periodical, Freedom's Journal , in 1827. During the antebellum period, other African American newspapers sprang up, such as The North Star , founded in 1847 by Frederick Douglass . As African Americans moved to urban centers beginning during

286-573: The Houston-area charters the TEA was seeking to close that year, Girls and Boys was the largest. In August 2015 the school owed $ 157,835 in interest and back taxes from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS); The school system closed in August 2015; area parents stated that school officials had promised that the school would still continue, but it ultimately did not. Creditors filed lawsuits against

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312-442: The daughter of Salley, at one point became the school principal. In 1996, the school opened in a three-story office building. Soon after the opening, the school administrators learned that they needed to spend $ 30,000 so the building was in compliance with City of Houston fire codes. In 1997 the school offered Arabic , French , Spanish , and Swahili . Up to July 2007 several teachers never received certification to teach. In 2007

338-580: The dominance of the Internet in terms of providing free news and information, and providing cheap advertising. Most of the early African American publications, such as Freedom's Journal, were published in the North and then distributed, often covertly, to African Americans throughout the country. The newspaper often covered regional, national, and international news. It also addressed the issues of American slavery and The American Colonization Society which involved

364-498: The end of the school's life, it was fully K-12. In 2014 the system had 758 students. According to Texas Education Agency (TEA) spokesperson Debbie Ratcliffe, the charter school establishment process was, in 1995, simpler and less arduous compared to the 2015 process, and that therefore many of the earlier charter schools did not have the foundation to ultimately survive. Margaret Downing of the Houston Press wrote that establishing

390-597: The founding of the National Federation of Afro American Women in 1895. It was also one of the first newspapers, along with the National Association Notes , to create journalism career opportunities for Southern black women. Many African American newspapers struggled to keep their circulation going due to the low rate of literacy among African Americans. Many freed African Americans had low incomes and could not afford to purchase subscriptions but shared

416-522: The global community as well. The name The Colored Citizen was used by various newspapers established in the 1860s and later. In 1885, Daniel Rudd formed the Ohio Tribune , said to be the first newspaper "printed by and for Black Americans ", which he later expanded into the American Catholic Tribune , purported to the first Black-owned national newspaper. The Cleveland Gazette

442-496: The press, displaced Black women to the background of a movement they spearheaded. A woman's issue, and a Black woman's issue, was being covered by the press. However, reporting diminished the roles of the women fighting for teacher salary equalization and “diminished the presence of the teachers’ salary equalization fight” in national debates over equality in education. There were many specialized black publications, such as those of Marcus Garvey and John H. Johnson . These men broke

468-570: The publications with one another. African American newspapers flourished in the major cities, with publishers playing a major role in politics and business affairs. By the 20th century, daily papers appeared in Norfolk , Chicago , Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Representative leaders included Robert Sengstacke Abbott (1870–1940) and John H. Sengstacke (1912–1997), publishers of the Chicago Defender ; John Mitchell Jr. (1863–1929), editor of

494-796: The repatriation of free blacks back to Africa. Some notable black newspapers of the 19th century were Freedom's Journal (1827–1829), Philip Alexander Bell 's Colored American (1837–1841), the North Star (1847–1860), the National Era , The Aliened American in Cleveland (1853–1855), Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851–1863), the Douglass Monthly (1859–1863), The People's Advocate , founded by John Wesley Cromwell and Travers Benjamin Pinn (1876–1891), and The Christian Recorder (1861–1902). In

520-510: The school board began efforts to ensure all teachers were certified. It also, in July of that year, hired Victoria Dunn as superintendent. This began a power struggle within the school community. Dunn removed McKinney from her position circa January 2008. In 2008 the Texas Education Agency (TEA) ranked the school "academically unacceptable." In 2011 the school had a 50% graduation rate. At

546-520: The school had $ 600,000 in debt in March 2014. Margaret Downing of the Houston Press stated that "According to some" the school destroyed its financial stability by trying to purchase property, as it was trying to avoid significant expenses in renting property. In December 2014, the TEA announced that the school's performance was insufficient, with a failing academic grade in the 2012–2013 school year, and that it had insufficient financial performance levels in

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572-450: The school had about 350 students in grades 6 through 12. Most of them were African American. African-American News and Issues African-American News and Issues ( AANI ) is a weekly African-American newspaper published in Houston, Texas . The newspaper is distributed to zip codes that have the largest concentrations of African Americans within the state of Texas . Circulation

598-589: The school upon the closure. The mid-September 2015 balance owed to the IRS was down to $ 7,148, as Clark stated that the IRS reduced the money owed. Downing concluded that GBPA "ultimately sank under the weight of those ambitions in a manner both very public and profound". In 2014 it had three campuses. 8282 Bissonnet Street was the address of the primary campus. One of its other campuses was 8415 West Bellfort. Its campuses were in Brays Oaks and Sharpstown . 11851 South Gessner

624-519: The trade association known in the 21st century as the National Newspaper Publishers Association . During the 1930s and 1940s, the Black southern press both aided and, to an extent, hindered the equal payment movement of Black teachers in the southern United States. Newspaper coverage of the movement served to publicize the cause. However, the way in which the movement was portrayed, and those whose struggles were highlighted in

650-585: Was established in the 1880s and continued for decades. The national Afro-American Press Association was formed in 1890 in Indianapolis, Indiana . In 1894, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin founded The Woman's Era , the first nationally distributed newspaper published by and for African American women in the United States. The Woman's Era began as the official publication of the National Association of Colored Women , and grew in import and impact with

676-594: Was to be the school's new campus. In its lifetime the school frequently switched locations. The school did not get a standard curriculum until 2008, when the board of directors adopted the one based on that of the Fort Bend Independent School District (FBISD). Its peak population was 750. In 2012 85% of the students were black and fewer than 13% were Hispanic or Latino. Of the peak population, 90% were classified as economically disadvantaged as they were signed up for free or reduced lunches. In 1997

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