The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture is an archaeological culture attested in the second Iron Age , from ca. 500 BC until the end of the first century BC, in the Alpine region of Trentino and South Tyrol ; in the period of maximum expansion it also reached the Engadin region to the west and East Tyrol . It takes its name from the two towns of Fritzens ( Austria ) and Sanzeno ( Trentino ), where important archaeological excavations were carried out at the beginning of the 20th century.
21-794: The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture replaced the Laugen-Melaun culture in South Tyrol and Trentino and the Inntal culture (associated with the Urnfield and Hallstatt cultures ) in the Austrian Tyrol, merging the two cultures together. It also had some impact on East Tyrol . The culture has been identified with the Raeti and it ceased to exist in the period following the conquest of the Alps by Augustus in 15 BC, which also marks
42-722: Is not possible to tell whether the Adige valley and its side valleys were conquered by foreign peoples, since most settlements of the Middle Bronze Age were reoccupied by the Laugen-Melaun culture. It is possible that it was only a new warrior elite entered the region, bringing the new culture impulse with them. In addition to ceramics and cremation, the new culture saw the erection of special sanctuaries, often in exceptionally isolated locations. These sanctuaries are sometimes high piles of stones, sometimes mountain summits, and sometimes near
63-634: The Alpine campaign [ de ] of Drusus and Tiberius in 15 BC. The area of the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture covers Trentino, South Tyrol, most of North Tyrol, part of the lower Engadin valley, and East Tyrol. The most important excavations for the culture in the area south of the Alps are: Sanzeno in the Non Valley (Trentino), the settlements at Ganglegg [ de ] and Tartscher Bichl [ de ] ( Vinschgau , South Tyrol),
84-755: The Po Valley and Veneti ), the Laugen-Melaun culture evolved into the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture and merged with the neighbouring Inntal culture to the north, which had previously been a component of the Hallstatt culture. Locally manufactured pottery of the Laugen-Melaun style is found from around 1200 BC in Alpine Rhine region, which is otherwise characterised by different cultural assemblages, and even in Sarganserland . Heiligtum am Demlfeld From Misplaced Pages,
105-951: The Rungger Egg [ de ] in Seis am Schlern , and Brizen -Stufels ( Eisacktal ), as well as the grave fields at Stadlhof [ de ] in Vadena and Mortizing in the South Tyrolean Unterland . In the north, the key sites are: the grave fields at Kundl and Egerndorfer Feld (both in the Lower Inn Valley ), the settlements at Bergisel , Goldbichl [ de ] , and Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg (all near Innsbruck), as well as Pirchboden in Fritzens, and Himmelreich in Volders . The best known and published religious sites are
126-669: The Sanctuary at Demlfeld [ de ] in Ampass , the offering place at Aldrans -Innsbruck, Egerdach [ de ] , the sanctuary at Pillerhöhe [ de ] in the Upper Inn Valley , and the Himmelreich terrace in Volders (a site for burnt offerings). South of the Alps, there are also religious sites at Rungger Egg and Hahnehütter Bödele near Ganglegg. On the margins of
147-581: The South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology , is typical of the culture: it has a triangular nozzle, a decorative outer grooves, and a height of 18.3 cm ; next to the handle are two horn-shaped appendices. From the 13th century BC until the 11th (Late Bronze Age), the Laugen-Melaun culture was also notable for the creation of copper grave goods (rich grave offerings, "Laugen-Melaun A" also occur in South Tyrol) and therefore suffered when iron arrived in
168-528: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Heiligtum am Demlfeld " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
189-571: The "Fritzener type". In 1955, Benedikt Frei was the first person to speak of a "Fritzens and Sanzeno-pottery horizon" and he was able to separate it from the older "Melaun horizon." This pottery has proven the most important find group for archaeologists' assessments of the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture, showing that it formed both north and south of the Alps in the decades around 500 BC. Laugen-Melaun culture The Laugen-Melaun culture (from German Laugen-Melaun-Kultur ) or Luco culture (in Italian)
210-595: The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture is the well-known burnt offering site at Spielleitenköpfl [ de ] in Farchant near Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria. Objects from the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture, mainly fibulae and pottery have also been found in southern Bavaria at the oppidum of Manching , Dürrnberg at Hallein , and in Lower Austria at Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge . The first finds to be associated with
231-535: The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture were discovered in Fritzens in the Inn river valley in 1920 by Karl Stainer, the local doctor for the neighbouring village of Wattens . In 1924, he presented his finds at the 88th Congress of German Natural Scientists and Doctors, but little notice was taken of them. Subsequently, he published his observations in the archaeological journal Fundberichten aus Österreich (Vol. I, pp. 136, 192; II. pp. 47, 102, 177, 187; III [1948], p. 154). He also combed
SECTION 10
#1732852378233252-569: The end of the Iron Age in the region. The artefacts, burial customs, and religion of the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture, associated with the Raeti people, were strongly influenced by their neighbours, the Veneti , Etruscans , and Celts , but there are a number of distinguishing features, such as the style of housing ( casa retica ) and some aspects of the material culture. These include some typical pottery forms, like
273-919: The 💕 Look for Heiligtum am Demlfeld on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Heiligtum am Demlfeld in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
294-513: The northern and southern parts of the culture. Their high point coincides closely with that of the oppidum culture in Bavaria. From the Middle La Tène period onwards, graphite pottery, glass jewellery, and occasionally bronze jewellery was imported from the Celtic regions. The jewellery in particular might indicate marriage alliances . Fritzens-Sanzeno culture remains disappear abruptly following
315-570: The soil layer of Himmelreich field in Volders (located opposite Fritzens in the Inn valley) and collected a large number of finds from the late Iron Age and Roman Imperial period over a number of years. This was an important site for making burnt offerings, a fact that was not realised at the time. The finds were noted briefly by Gero von Merhart and then published fully in the 1950s by Leonhard Franz. The pottery from Fritzens and other findspots in Tyrol were named
336-604: The stamped Fritzner / Sanzeno bowls ( Fritzner- or Sanzenoschale ) and the alpine Leistenkeramik . In the 4th century BC, Celtic weapons were adopted. Numerous Rhaetic language inscriptions have been found, written in the Sanzeno alphabet and dating from the 5th century onwards. The fibulae are the Celtic-inspired "mandolin fibula" and a series of other forms conforming to early and middle La Tène types. Modifications of Celtic disc neck-rings ( Scheibenhalsringe ) are found in both
357-548: The sudden break, the Urnfield culture no longer buried the dead in large stone family graves and cremated the dead instead, placing their ashes in urns. New religious ideas must have laid behind this change. The culture is found south of the main ridge of the Alps from about 1350/1250 BC. Ceramics are of a particularly high quality and come in numerous new forms, including jugs decorated with complex patterns. From archaeological sources it
378-557: The surrounding region ca. 1000 BC ("Laugen-Melaun B" declined in the East Tyrol and expanded in the East Alpine region, e.g. at Breitegg ). In the 8th century, iron was also adopted locally, but the relevant level ("Laugen-Melaun C") did not merge with the norther Hallstatt culture . In the 6th century BC, as a result of Mediterranean influence (especially the Etruscans , but also Greeks in
399-521: The water. They are always connected to the burning of votive offerings . It appears that feasting took place while the offerings were burning, since heaps of smashed pottery are typical of the sanctuary sites. Especially notable are the many jugs and bowls. These vessels suggest that wine played an important role in their rituals. Alongside metals, wine was the most important trade good of the Adige. The pitcher of Laugen , found at Villanders and preserved at
420-536: Was a late Bronze Age and early Iron Age archaeological culture in the Alps , between Trentino , South Tyrol , East Tyrol , and in the part of Engadin below the Reschen Pass . The name derives from two findspots in the Eisacktal , where artefacts belonging to the culture have been found: the small Lake Laugen between Natz and Elvas and the village of Mellaun (formerly spelt "Melaun") near Brixen . The term
441-531: Was coined in 1927 by Gero von Merhart . The Laugen-Melaun culture developed over the 14th century BC, as part of the general cultural revolutions in Europe at this time, which began in central Europe and eventually led to the formation of the Urnfield culture . This process involved around three hundred years of population movements. Several groups reached the Mediterranean and the old cultures took note of it. After
SECTION 20
#1732852378233#232767