Democracy movements of China are a series of organized political movements , inside and outside of China , addressing a variety of grievances, including objections to socialist bureaucratism and objections to the continuation of the one-party rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) itself. The Democracy Wall movement of November 1978 to spring 1981 is typically regarded as the beginning of contemporary Chinese democracy movement. In addition to the Democracy Wall movement, the events of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre are among the notable examples of Chinese democracy movements.
18-760: [REDACTED] Look up Free China in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The term " Free China " may mean: Free China (Second Sino-Japanese War) , areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army Free area of the Republic of China , a term used by the ROC government to contrast itself with the People's Republic of China and avoid acknowledging their control over mainland China; often shortened to "Free China" and used in contrast to "Red China" Free China Journal ,
36-557: A coalition of about 30 pro-democracy and human rights organizations promoting democracy in China Free China: The Courage to Believe a 2012 American film Free China Relief Association , a non-governmental organization See also [ edit ] Nationalist China (disambiguation) Red China (disambiguation) Communist China (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
54-402: A dissident movement are identified and given severe jail sentences. Generally, the government targets a relatively small number of organizers who are crucial in coordinating a movement and who are then charged with endangering state security or revealing official secrets. Thirdly, the government attempts to address the grievances of possible supporters of the movement. This is intended to isolate
72-607: A former publication of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Free China (junk) ( zh:自由中國號 ), a Chinese junk boat The Free China Movement , a coalition of about 30 pro-democracy and human rights organizations promoting democracy in China Free China: The Courage to Believe a 2012 American film Free China Relief Association , a non-governmental organization See also [ edit ] Nationalist China (disambiguation) Red China (disambiguation) Communist China (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
90-551: A long and possibly bloody fight. Throughout the 1980s, these ideas increased in popularity among college-educated Chinese, through the " New Enlightenment movement " led by intellectuals. In response to growing corruption , economic dislocation and the sense that reforms in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were leaving China behind, the Tiananmen Square protests erupted in 1989, the second massive student movement after
108-535: A minority. Demands for "democracy" were frequent but without an agreed-upon meaning. Participants in the movement variously associated the concept of democracy with socialism, communism, liberal democracy, capitalism, and Christianity. They drew on a diverse range of intellectual resources "ranging from classical Marxist and socialist traditions to Enlightenment philosophers, [socialist] experiments in Yugoslavia, and Western liberal democracy." Significant documents of
126-414: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Free China [REDACTED] Look up Free China in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The term " Free China " may mean: Free China (Second Sino-Japanese War) , areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army Free area of
144-474: Is usually regarded as the Democracy Wall movement of November 1978 to spring 1981. The Democracy Wall movement framed the key issue as the elimination of bureaucratism and the bureaucratic class. Former Red Guards from both rebel and conservative factions were the core of the movement. Democracy Wall participants agreed that "democracy" was the means to resolve the conflict between the bureaucratic class and
162-482: The 1986 student protests . In 1989, these protests were violently suppressed by government troops on June 4, 1989. In response, a number of pro- democracy organizations were formed by overseas Chinese student activists , and there was considerable sympathy for the movement among Westerners, who formed the China Support Network (CSN). Ideologically , the government's first reaction to the democracy movement
180-516: The Democracy Wall Movement include The Fifth Modernization manifesto by Wei Jingsheng , who was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for authoring the document. In it, Wei argued that political liberalization and the empowerment of the laboring masses was essential for modernization, that the CCP was controlled by reactionaries and that the people must struggle to overthrow the reactionaries via
198-430: The Republic of China , a term used by the ROC government to contrast itself with the People's Republic of China and avoid acknowledging their control over mainland China; often shortened to "Free China" and used in contrast to "Red China" Free China Journal , a former publication of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Free China (junk) ( zh:自由中國號 ), a Chinese junk boat The Free China Movement ,
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#1732848687677216-459: The government has taken a three-pronged approach. First, dissidents who are widely known in the West such as Wei Jingsheng , Fang Lizhi , and Wang Dan are deported. Although Chinese criminal law does not contain any provisions for exiling citizens, these deportations are conducted by giving the dissident a severe jail sentence and then granting medical parole . Second, the less well-known leaders of
234-473: The leadership of the movement, and prevent disconnected protests from combining into a general organized protest that can threaten the CCP's hold on power. CCP leaders assert there are already elements of democracy; they dubbed the term "Chinese socialist democracy" for what they describe as a participatory representative government. Academic Lin Chun criticizes the phrase "democracy movement" as typically used in
252-512: The people, the nature of the proposed democratic institutions was a major source of disagreement. A majority of participants in the movement favored viewed the movement as part of a struggle between correct and incorrect notions of Marxism . Many participants advocated classical Marxist views that drew on the Paris Commune for inspiration. The Democracy Wall movement also included non-Marxists and anti-Marxists, although these participants were
270-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Free China . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_China&oldid=1259090554 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
288-501: The title Free China . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_China&oldid=1259090554 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Free China Movement The beginning of China's democracy movements
306-433: Was an effort to focus on the personal behavior of individual dissidents and argue that they were tools of foreign powers. In the mid-1990s, the government began using more effective arguments which were influenced by Chinese Neo-Conservatism and Western authors such as Edmund Burke . The main argument was that China's main priority was economic growth , and economic growth required political stability. The democracy movement
324-463: Was flawed because it promoted radicalism and revolution which put the gains that China had made into jeopardy. In contrast to Wei's argument that democracy was essential to economic growth , the government argued that economic growth must come before political liberalization, comparable to what happened in the Four Asian Tigers . With regard to political dissent engendered by the movement,
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