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36-612: Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier FRS FRAS ( / ˈ k r oʊ ʒ ər / ; 17 October 1796 – disappeared 26 April 1848) was an Irish officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in six expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic . In 1843, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society for his scientific work during his expeditions. Later, he was second-in-command to Sir John Franklin and captain of HMS  Terror during

72-735: A Chair (all of whom are Fellows of the Royal Society ). Members of the 10 Sectional Committees change every three years to mitigate in-group bias . Each Sectional Committee covers different specialist areas including: New Fellows are admitted to the Society at a formal admissions day ceremony held annually in July, when they sign the Charter Book and the Obligation which reads: "We who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise, that we will endeavour to promote

108-664: A hardwood box with dovetail joints . McClintock and later searchers found relics, graves and human remains of the Franklin crew on Beechey Island , King William Island and the northern coast of the Canadian mainland. In 2014, the Victoria Strait Expedition found two items on Hat Island , in the Queen Maud Gulf , near King William Island ; part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows, and

144-448: A wooden object, possibly a plug for a deck hawse , the iron pipe through which the ship's chain cable would descend into the chain locker below. The expedition located one of Franklin's ships, preserved in reasonably good condition. The wreck lies at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island and has been confirmed to be that of Erebus . In 2016, a well-preserved ship matching Terror ' s description

180-522: Is Mount Bird , with Shell Glacier and Endeavour Piedmont Glacier on its slopes. The Erebus hotspot is thought to be responsible for the island's volcanic activity. The base of the Hut Point Peninsula is home to McMurdo Station and Scott Base . Scott's Hut is further north on the west coast, at Cape Evans . North of this at Cape Royds is Shackleton's Hut . Finally, the Cape Bird Hut

216-725: Is confirmed by the Council in April, and a secret ballot of Fellows is held at a meeting in May. A candidate is elected if they secure two-thirds of votes of those Fellows voting. An indicative allocation of 18 Fellowships can be allocated to candidates from Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences; and up to 10 from Applied Sciences, Human Sciences and Joint Physical and Biological Sciences. A further maximum of six can be 'Honorary', 'General' or 'Royal' Fellows. Nominations for Fellowship are peer reviewed by Sectional Committees, each with at least 12 members and

252-415: Is just south of Cape Bird . Capes and peninsulas include, clockwise from the south, the Hut Point Peninsula , Cape Evans , Cape Royds , Cape Bird , Cape Tennyson , Cape Crozier and Cape MacKay . Large bays include Erebus Bay , Wohlschlag Bay , Lewis Bay and Windless Bight . Major glaciers entering the sea or ice cap around the island include, clockwise from the south, Erebus Glacier and

288-421: Is nominated by two Fellows of the Royal Society (a proposer and a seconder), who sign a certificate of proposal. Previously, nominations required at least five fellows to support each nomination by the proposer, which was criticised for supposedly establishing an old boy network and elitist gentlemen's club . The certificate of election (see for example ) includes a statement of the principal grounds on which

324-527: Is portrayed by Jared Harris . Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science , and medical science ". Fellowship of the Society,

360-749: The Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage , which ended with the loss of all 129 crewmen in mysterious circumstances. Many places in the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him. He, with James Clark Ross and Richard Moody , was also responsible for selecting the location of the capital of the Falkland Islands , Port Stanley , in 1843. Francis Crozier was born in Banbridge , County Down , in Ulster ,

396-522: The North Pole ; ultimately a futile endeavour. During his voyages, Crozier became a close friend and confidant of the explorer James Clark Ross . He was elected to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1827, after conducting valuable astronomical and magnetic studies on his three expeditions with Parry. He was appointed to the frigate HMS  Stag in 1831, and served off

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432-503: The Northwest Passage in 1821. He served as midshipman on Parry's HMS  Fury , which was accompanied by Captain Lyon's HMS  Hecla . He returned to the North with Parry a second time in 1824, this time on Hecla . The journey resulted in the sinking of Fury off Somerset Island . Crozier was promoted to lieutenant in 1826, and a year later, he once more joined Parry in his attempt to reach

468-426: The post-nominal letters FRS . Every year, fellows elect up to ten new foreign members. Like fellows, foreign members are elected for life through peer review on the basis of excellence in science. As of 2016 , there are around 165 foreign members, who are entitled to use the post-nominal ForMemRS . Honorary Fellowship is an honorary academic title awarded to candidates who have given distinguished service to

504-567: The Antarctic continent in the ships HMS  Erebus and HMS  Terror . Crozier commanded Terror , and was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841. Erebus and Terror returned in 1843, having made the most significant penetration of the Antarctic pack ice and discovered large parts of the continent—including the Ross Sea and Ross Island , Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf . Crozier

540-439: The Royal Society has been described by The Guardian as "the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar " with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year. Up to 60 new Fellows (FRS), honorary (HonFRS) and foreign members (ForMemRS) are elected annually in late April or early May, from a pool of around 700 proposed candidates each year. New Fellows can only be nominated by existing Fellows for one of

576-655: The Society, we shall be free from this Obligation for the future". Since 2014, portraits of Fellows at the admissions ceremony have been published without copyright restrictions in Wikimedia Commons under a more permissive Creative Commons license which allows wider re-use. In addition to the main fellowships of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS), other fellowships are available which are applied for by individuals, rather than through election. These fellowships are research grant awards and holders are known as Royal Society Research Fellows . In addition to

612-606: The age of 13, Crozier volunteered for the Royal Navy and joined HMS Hamadryad in June 1810. In 1812, he served on HMS  Briton and visited Pitcairn Island in 1814, where he met the last surviving mutineers from HMS  Bounty . In 1817, he received his certificate as mate; in 1818, he served on HMS  Doterel during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope . Crozier joined Captain William Parry 's second Arctic expedition to traverse

648-662: The award of Fellowship (FRS, HonFRS & ForMemRS) and the Research Fellowships described above, several other awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society are also given. Ross Island This area was discovered by Sir James Clark Ross in 1841, but he thought it formed part of the mainland of Victoria Land. It was determined to be an island and named Ross Island by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-04), led by Robert Falcon Scott , in honor of Sir James Clark Ross. Ross Island

684-597: The cause of science, but do not have the kind of scientific achievements required of Fellows or Foreign Members. Honorary Fellows include the World Health Organization's Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (2022), Bill Bryson (2013), Melvyn Bragg (2010), Robin Saxby (2015), David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville (2008), Onora O'Neill (2007), John Maddox (2000), Patrick Moore (2001) and Lisa Jardine (2015). Honorary Fellows are entitled to use

720-453: The chairman of Banbridge Council, and several Arctic historians, including Michael Smith and Russell Potter . A memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men was erected by order of Parliament in 1858, in the Painted Hall of London's Greenwich Hospital . It was moved to Greenwich Royal Naval College 's chapel in 1937, and was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009. At

756-513: The coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars , the country's civil war. Crozier joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove in 1835, to assist in the search for 12 lost British whaling ships in the Arctic. Crozier was appointed to the rank of commander in 1837. In 1839, Crozier again joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition , as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore

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792-515: The fellowships described below: Every year, up to 52 new fellows are elected from the United Kingdom, the rest of the Commonwealth of Nations , and Ireland, which make up around 90% of the society. Each candidate is considered on their merits and can be proposed from any sector of the scientific community. Fellows are elected for life on the basis of excellence in science and are entitled to use

828-530: The good of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was founded; that we will carry out, as far as we are able, those actions requested of us in the name of the Council; and that we will observe the Statutes and Standing Orders of the said Society. Provided that, whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under our hands, that we desire to withdraw from

864-535: The highest average elevation of any island. Major volcanic peaks include, from west to east, Mount Bird , Mount Erebus , Mount Terra Nova and Mount Terror . Mount Erebus is (3,794 metres (12,448 ft)) is the planet's southernmost active volcano. The dormant volcano Mount Terror (3,230 metres (10,600 ft)), is the second highest on the island. They were named by Captain James Ross after his ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror . The third highest elevation

900-482: The island and ran it for five years, from 1987 to 1992. Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet , the island is sometimes taken to be part of the Antarctic mainland. Only a small portion of the island is free of ice and snow. Its area is 2,460 square kilometres (950 sq mi). Despite its relatively small size, Ross Island is the world's 6th highest island and the highest island in Antarctica. It has

936-563: The northern province in Ireland . He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son of solicitor George Crozier, who named him after his friend Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira . Crozier attended school locally in Banbridge, with his brothers William and Thomas, and lived with his family in Avonmore House which his father had built in 1792, in the centre of Banbridge. At

972-1331: The oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Winston Churchill (1941), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking (1974), David Attenborough (1983), Tim Hunt (1991), Elizabeth Blackburn (1992), Raghunath Mashelkar (1998), Tim Berners-Lee (2001), Venki Ramakrishnan (2003), Atta-ur-Rahman (2006), Andre Geim (2007), Bai Chunli (2014), James Dyson (2015), Ajay Kumar Sood (2015), Subhash Khot (2017), Elon Musk (2018), Elaine Fuchs (2019) and around 8,000 others in total, including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900. As of October 2018 , there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates. Fellowship of

1008-461: The other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by Crozier and James Fitzjames , captain of the Erebus , was discovered on King William Island during an expedition led by Francis McClintock . Dated 25 April 1848, the note indicated that the ships—stuck in thick pack ice—had been abandoned. Nine officers, including Sir John Franklin, and 15 crewmen had died. Also stated

1044-509: The post nominal letters HonFRS . Statute 12 is a legacy mechanism for electing members before official honorary membership existed in 1997. Fellows elected under statute 12 include David Attenborough (1983) and John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne (1991). The Council of the Royal Society can recommend members of the British royal family for election as Royal Fellow of the Royal Society . As of 2023 there are four royal fellows: Elizabeth II

1080-546: The proposal is being made. There is no limit on the number of nominations made each year. In 2015, there were 654 candidates for election as Fellows and 106 candidates for Foreign Membership. The Council of the Royal Society oversees the selection process and appoints 10 subject area committees, known as Sectional Committees, to recommend the strongest candidates for election to the Fellowship. The final list of up to 52 Fellowship candidates and up to 10 Foreign Membership candidates

1116-435: The service of thanksgiving on 29 October 2009, polar travellers and descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions. Geographical features named after Crozier include: Francis Crozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, The Terror by Dan Simmons , a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 television adaptation , where Crozier

Francis Crozier - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-648: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1843, in recognition of his outstanding work on magnetism. In 1845, Crozier joined Captain Sir John Franklin as captain of the Terror on the Franklin expedition to traverse the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage . Crozier himself was offered the command of the expedition, but, with "characteristic modesty", he deferred to Franklin. After Franklin's death in June ;1847, Crozier took over. His fate and those of

1188-597: Was located in Terror Bay , off the southern coast of King William Island. The exploration of the wrecks continues. In January 2008, Crozier's home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition and those who searched for it, along with

1224-421: Was not a Royal Fellow, but provided her patronage to the society, as all reigning British monarchs have done since Charles II of England . Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1951) was elected under statute 12, not as a Royal Fellow. The election of new fellows is announced annually in May, after their nomination and a period of peer-reviewed selection. Each candidate for Fellowship or Foreign Membership

1260-509: Was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica . It is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still standing on the island, preserved as historical sites. Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand 's Scott Base and to the largest Antarctic settlement, the United States Antarctic Program 's McMurdo Station . Greenpeace established World Park Base on

1296-489: Was their intention, on 26 April, to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland. Inuit rumours collected between 1852 and 1858 indicate that Crozier and one other expedition member might have been seen in the Baker Lake area, about 400 km (250 mi) to the south, where, in 1948, Farley Mowat found "a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction", inside which were fragments of

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