Misplaced Pages

#428571

84-663: The Quapaw tribe inhabited the region around the creek during the 1600s, and fished in the creek. Fourche Creek's name was given by French explorers. During the 19th century, one branch of the Trail of Tears crossed Fourche Creek, and the Battle of Bayou Fourche was fought in the area during the American Civil War . Fourche Creek's largest tributaries are Fourche Bayou, Rock Creek, Otter Creek, Brodie Creek, Crooked Creek, and Panther Creek, as well as several smaller streams. The majority of

168-509: A USDA certified meat processing plant located on tribal territory, owned and operated by a tribal nation. In the 20th century, the Quapaw leased some of their lands to European Americans, who developed them for industrial purposes. Before passage of environmental laws, toxic waste was deposited that has created long-term hazards. For instance, the Tar Creek Superfund site has been listed by

252-605: A birch box for the return to St. Ignace. Following a ceremony, the bones retrieved from the university were reburied with the rest of Marquette's bones on June 18, 2022. A Michigan Historical Marker in Ludington, MI reads: Father Jacques Marquette, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer, died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore on May 18, 1675. He had been returning to his mission at St. Ignace, which he had left in 1673, to go exploring in

336-685: A building was constructed that now houses the Museum of Ojibwa Culture. However, a Michigan Historical Marker in Frankfort, MI reads: Marquette's Death: On May 18, 1675, Father Jacques Marquette, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer, died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore of the Lower Peninsula. Marquette had been returning to his mission at St. Ignace, which he had left in 1673 to go on an exploring trip to

420-486: A core bottomland region that still maintains its wetland functions. The watershed also acts as an urban restoration area for education and demonstration. A revitalized watershed is of tremendous economic and social importance to Central Arkansas. The Arkansas branch of the National Audubon Society is currently conducting numerous outreach, education, water quality improvement, and habitat improvement projects in

504-474: A two-year term. The governing body of the tribe is outlined in the governing resolutions of the tribe, which were voted upon and approved in 1956 to create a written form of government. (Prior to 1956 the Quapaw Tribe operated on a chief system). The Chairman is Wena Supernaw. The Fourth of July weekend is also when the tribe convenes the annual general council meeting, during which important decisions regarding

588-555: A village of Kaskaskia, who invited Marquette to return and establish a mission. When the explorers left the village, some of the Kaskaskia got in their own canoes and traveled with them to Saint Francis Xavier mission in Green Bay, Wisconsin . Jolliet returned to Quebec to relate the news of their discoveries. Marquette and his party returned to the Illinois territory in late 1674, becoming

672-734: A wealthy merchant family. The Marquette family had been well-respected for many years, as numerous members had served in the military and taken civil posts. Jacques Marquette was sent to study at the Jesuit College in Reims at age 9. He remained there until he joined the Society of Jesus at age 17. Marquette taught for a year at Auxerre, then studied philosophy at Ponta Mousson until 1659. He taught at Ponta Mousson, Reims, Charleville, and Langres until 1665. Throughout this time, Marquette sent multiple requests to be sent on missionary work. The superior of

756-515: Is buried adjoining St. Joseph's Church, Pine Bluff. A a memorial window in the church preserves his name. Fr. John M. Odin was the pioneer Lazarist missionary among the Quapaw; he later served as the Catholic Archbishop of New Orleans. In 1834, under another treaty and the federal policy of Indian Removal , the Quapaw were removed from the Mississippi valley areas to their present location in

840-674: Is now the Ohio River , west to the Mississippi River to present-day St. Louis , south across present-day Arkansas and eastern and southern Oklahoma . The government forcibly removed them from Arkansas Territory in 1834. The tribal capital is Quapaw , Oklahoma. Algonquian -speaking people originally referred to the Quapaw as Akansa , an Illini word for “People of the South Wind”. French voyageurs learned this term from Algonquians and adapted it as Arcansas . The French named

924-525: Is part of the Dhegiha branch of the Siouan language family . Quapaw was well documented in fieldnotes and publications from many individuals, including George Izard in 1827, Lewis F. Hadley in 1882, 19th-century linguist James Owen Dorsey , Frank T. Siebert in 1940, and linguist Robert Rankin in the 1970s. In the 21st century, there are few remaining native speakers. In the early 20th century, an account noted that

SECTION 10

#1732855689429

1008-539: Is unsupported by the Quapaw. Similar and supporting oral history is well documented and supported by other Dhegiha tribes. It is also notable that there are carbon dated sites which are strongly correlated to the Dhegiha which demonstrate they were split and moved to the respective regions by 1500. The Quapaw reached their historical territory, the area of the confluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers, at least by

1092-461: Is where the party made their first encounter with indigenous people. They met the Menominee, who were known as the "wild rice" people. Marquette told them of his mission to spread religion to the people along the river. The Menominee tried to discourage Marquette and the others, warning them about the perils of the river and the people inhabiting the land along it. The group of explorers next went up

1176-589: The Arkansas Post . This began European occupation of the Quapaw country. Tonti arranged for a resident Jesuit missionary to be assigned there, but apparently without result. About 1697, a smallpox epidemic killed the greater part of the women and children of two villages. In 1727, the Jesuits, from their house in New Orleans , again took up the missionary work. In 1729, the Quapaw allied with French colonists against

1260-766: The Arkansas River , as well as portions of Louisiana , Mississippi , and Oklahoma from the Red River to beyond the Arkansas and east of the Mississippi. The treaty required the Quapaws to cede almost 31 million acres (13 million ha) of this area to the U.S. government, giving the Quapaw title to 1.5 million acres (0.61 million ha) between the Arkansas and the Saline in Southeast Arkansas . In exchange for

1344-751: The Caddo of Louisiana , but were refused permission by the United States. Successive floods in the Caddo country near the Red River pushed many of the tribe toward starvation, and they wandered back to their old homes. Sarrasin (alternate spelling Saracen), their last chief before the removal, was a Roman Catholic and friend of the Lazarist missionaries (Congregation of the Missions), who had arrived in 1818. He died about 1830 and

1428-573: The Dhegiha language , a branch of Siouan including the "dialects" of the Omaha, Ponca, Osage, Kansa, and Quapaw, has received more extended study. Rev. J.O. Dorsey published material about it under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology , now part of the Smithsonian Institution . Other efforts at language preservation and revitalization are being undertaken. In 2011 the Quapaw participated in

1512-764: The Environmental Protection Agency as requiring clean-up of environmental hazards. The Quapaw Nation took over cleanup of this superfund site in October of 2023, when it would become the first tribal nation in the united states to lead remedial operations at a property on a superfund site. Of the 3,240 enrolled tribal members, 892 live in the state of Oklahoma. Membership in the tribe is based on lineal descent. The Quapaw people maintain traditions and culture which are present in all stages of life. The Quapaw people, culture, language, and land are all primarily centered today in Quapaw, OK. Native American people such as

1596-575: The Fox River , nearly to its headwaters. They came upon a village inhabited by Miami , Mascouten , and Kickapoo. They allowed Marquette to teach them about Christianity, and listened attentively. He was especially impressed by the Miami. Marquette noted that they were pleasant in appearance and temperament, despite their reputation as warriors. When Marquette's party left the village, they were accompanied by two Miami that would assist them in finding their way to

1680-509: The Gulf of Mexico . Marquette and the other men began to consider whether the danger was worth the risk. By this point, they had encountered several natives carrying European trinkets, and they feared an encounter with explorers or colonists from Spain . The explorers had mapped the areas where they had been, including their flora, wildlife, and resources. After staying with the Akansea for two nights,

1764-521: The Illinois and other Algonquian tribes, they were known as 'Akansea', whence their French names of Akensas and Akansas . According to concurrent tradition of the cognate tribes, the Quapaw and their kinsmen originally lived far east, possibly beyond the Alleghenies , and, pushing gradually westward, descended the Ohio River – hence called by the Illinois the "river of the Akansea" – to its junction with

SECTION 20

#1732855689429

1848-511: The Mississippi River and a lake on the Arkansas side, apparently in present-day Phillips County . His party described the village as strongly palisaded and nearly surrounded by a ditch. Archaeological remains and local conditions bear out the description. If the migration from the Ohio Valley preceded the entrada , these people may have been the proto-Quapaw. It is notable that the only chronicler of Indigenous heritage described this people as

1932-660: The Natchez , resulting in the practical extermination of the Natchez tribe. The French relocated the Arkansas Post upriver, trying to avoid flooding. After France was defeated by the British in the Seven Years' War , it ceded its North American territories to Britain. This nation exchanged some territory with Spain, which took over "control" of Arkansas and other former French territory west of

2016-505: The river and trading post for them. The Quapaw broke from the other Dhegiha tribes and migrated down the Mississippi River into present-day Arkansas many generations before European contact. After that, the tribe began to refer to themselves Ogáxpa, which means the “Downstream” people." This was the name of their primary village or tribal band, and would also sometimes be used to refer to the entire tribe. The term "Quapaw" comes from

2100-693: The Akansea Quapaw . They were greeted by a group of men in canoes who held up their own calumet. Marquette and the others were invited to the village. Many residents came out to see the Frenchmen. A chief led them to a room where elders and other chiefs had gathered. Marquette used an interpreter to ask about what was south of them. He was told that it was extremely dangerous. The people were hostile, well-armed, and would attack anyone who could interfere with their trading arrangements. The Jolliet-Marquette expedition had traveled to within 435 miles (700 km) of

2184-615: The American English attempt to say Ogáxpa. The Illinois and other Algonquian -speaking peoples to the northeast referred to the tribe as the Akansea or Akansa , meaning "land of the downriver people". As French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet encountered and interacted with the Illinois before they did the Quapaw, they adopted this exonym for the more westerly people. In their language, they referred to them as Arcansas . English-speaking settlers who arrived later in

2268-524: The Capaha. It is notable that this chronicler was often more accurate when recording tribal information. Regardless, Dr. Rankin hypothesized that the Capaha may have been Tunica based on limited evidence of a single name found in a later Portuguese account, for which the original cursive is not recorded. Archeological sites around 1300 in the region have produced pipes, hides, and other items which are strongly associated with an influx of Dhegiha people that would be

2352-539: The Chanouananons, but Marquette did notice iron in the Wabash area. Once the summer heat and mosquitoes began to cause great discomfort, the men stopped going ashore at night. They slept in the canoes, using the sails as protection from mosquitoes. This attracted the attention of some Native Americans, who pointed guns at the travelers. Marquette held the calumet over his head. He attempted to communicate by speaking Huron, but

2436-712: The Eagle Creek Golf Course and resort, located in Loma Linda, Missouri . Their primary economic drivers have been their gaming casinos, established under federal and state law. The first two are both located in Quapaw: the Quapaw Casino and the Downstream Casino Resort. These have generated most of the revenue for the tribe, which they have used to support welfare, health and education of their members. In 2012

2520-605: The Fourche Creek watershed. This Arkansas -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Quapaw The Quapaw ( / ˈ k w ɔː p ɔː / KWAW -paw , Quapaw : Ogáxpa ) or Arkansas , officially the Quapaw Nation , is a U.S. federally recognized tribe comprising about 6,000 citizens. Also known as the Ogáxpa or “Downstream” people, their ancestral homelands are traced from what

2604-482: The Illinois near Starved Rock . A bout of dysentery he had contracted during the Mississippi expedition sapped his health. On the return trip to Saint Ignace, he died at 37 years of age near the modern-day town of Ludington, Michigan . His companions, Pierre Porteret and Jacques Largillier, buried his body at a spot that Marquette had chosen. They marked his burial site with a large cross. Porteret and Lagrillier continued on to St. Ignace, so they could inform those at

Fourche Creek (Arkansas) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-717: The Jesuit mission in New France, Father Jerome Lalemant, needed missionaries to work with the Five Nations . Marquette was ordained on the Feast of Saint Thomas of Aquinas in Toul on March 7, 1666. Months later, on September 20, he arrived in Quebec. Marquette was first sent to the mission of Saint Michel at Sillery. Because this mission served peaceful and friendly indigenous people from different tribes, it

2772-513: The Mississippi River in this early period. They corresponded in name and population to four sub-tribes still existing, listed as Ugahpahti , Uzutiuhi , Tiwadimañ , and Tañwañzhita . The French transliterations were: Kappa, Ossoteoue, Touriman, and Tonginga. In 1686, the French commander Henri de Tonti built a post near the mouth of the Arkansas River, which was later known as

2856-442: The Mississippi River. The Spanish built new forts to protect its valued trading post with the Quapaw. During the early years of colonial rule, many of the ethnic French fur traders and voyageurs had an amicable relationship with the Quapaw, as they did with many other trading tribes. Many Quapaw women and French men cohabitated. Pine Bluff, Arkansas , was founded by Joseph Bonne, a man of Quapaw-French ancestry. Shortly after

2940-667: The Mississippi and the Illinois country. The exact location of Marquette's death has long been a subject of controversy. Evidence presented in the 1960s indicates that this site, near the natural outlet of the Betsie River, at the northeast corner of a hill which was here until 1900, is the Marquette death site and that the Betsie is the Rivière du Père Marquette of early French accounts and maps. Marquette's bones were reburied at St. Ignace in 1677. In

3024-514: The Mississippi country. The exact location of his death has long been a subject of controversy. A spot close to the southeast slope of this hill, near the ancient outlet of the Pere Marquette River , corresponds with the death site as located by early French accounts and maps and a constant tradition of the past. Marquette's remains were reburied at St. Ignace in 1677. Adjacent to gravesite of Marquette on State Street in downtown Saint Ignace,

3108-683: The Mississippi, and claiming the whole of the Arkansas River region up to the border of the territory held by the Osage in the north-western part of the state. They are of Siouan linguistic stock, speaking the same language, spoken also with dialectic variants, by the Osage and Kansa ( Kaw ) in the south and by the Omaha and Ponca in Nebraska . Their name properly is Ogaxpa , which signifies "down-stream people", as distinguished from Umahan or Omaha, "up-stream people". To

3192-564: The Mississippi, whence the Quapaw, then including the Osage and Kansa , descended to the mouth of the Arkansas, while the Omaha , with the Ponca , went up the Missouri . The Town of Quapaw , Oklahoma serves as the tribal capital of the Quapaw Nation, which has a 13,000-acre (53 km ) tribal jurisdictional area . The Quapaw people elect a tribal council and the tribal chairman, who serves

3276-518: The Ohio Valley and retained the area for hunting grounds. The oral history of the Quapaw people describes that the Quapaw separated from the Omaha, Ponca, Osage, and Kaw, near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. No correlation with gun bearing Iroquois running the Quapaw into Arkansas along with the Omaha, Ponca, Osage and Kaw is described by historic or modern Quapaw sources, and appears to be an entirely modern conjecture by scholars which

3360-571: The Petun Huron. Excited to have a Black Robe again, they quickly assembled a banquet. In addition to the Petun Huron, Marquette was tasked with missionary work for three bands of Ottawa: the Keinouche, Sinagaux, and Kiskakon. Marquette visited and attended to all four settlements. Since he felt the Kiskakon were the most ready to accept Christianity, he spent more time working with them and even lived with

3444-474: The Quapaw Nation Culture Division in partnership with the Arkansas State Archives was able to feature a display of the 1824 Quapaw Treaty with the United States, on the 200th anniversary of the signing of this treaty. In addition to the treaty viewing, the event also featured a speeches, Quapaw Jeopardy, a Quapaw Nation Art Competition, a 5k and fun run, and a traditional Quapaw foot race, hand game, food, and dice game. The Quapaw host cultural events throughout

Fourche Creek (Arkansas) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3528-426: The Quapaw Tribe's annual economic impact in the region was measured at more than $ 225,000,000. In 2020 they completed a third casino, Saracen Casino Resort , located in Pine Bluff, Arkansas . It was the first purpose-built casino in the state. Constructed at a cost of $ 350 million, it will employ over 1,100 full-time staff. The Quapaw Nation was also the first tribal nation in the United States to open and operate

3612-571: The Quapaw for some years. The Quapaw, together with other nearby tribes, the Miami , Seneca , Wyandot and Ottawa , were served from the Mission of "Saint Mary of the Quapaws", at Quapaw, Oklahoma . Historians estimated their number at European encounter as 5000. The Catholic Encyclopedia noted the people had suffered from high fatalities due to epidemics, wars, removals, and social disruption. It documented their numbers as 3200 in 1687, 1600 in 1750, 476 in 1843, and 307 in 1910, including people of mixed-race . The following passages are taken from

3696-416: The Quapaw often view all four of these items as being interconnected and non-separable. Many Quapaw families carry on traditions which connect them to the countless generations of Quapaw who came before. In order to maintain and promote their way of life, some of these traditions take place in community events, and there are community classes and services which are offered by community members and by branches of

3780-431: The Quapaw separated from the other Dhegihan-speaking peoples in a period ranging between AD 950 to as late as AD 1513. Linguistic studies also support an earlier separation date, prior to the introduction of the horse, and after the initial introduction of corn. In 1541, when the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto led an expedition that came across the town of Pacaha (also recorded by Garcilaso as Capaha ), between

3864-492: The Quapaw. The first certain encounters with Quapaw by Europeans occurred more than 130 years later. In 1673, the Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette accompanied the French commander Louis Jolliet in traveling down the Mississippi by canoe. He reportedly went to the villages of the Akansea , who gave him warm welcome and listened with attention to his sermons, while he stayed with them a few days. In 1682, La Salle passed by their villages, then five in number, including one on

3948-449: The United States acquired the territory in 1803 by the Louisiana Purchase , it recorded the Quapaw as living in three villages on the south side of the Arkansas River about 12 miles (19 km) above Arkansas Post. In 1818. as part of a treaty negotiation, the U.S. government acknowledged the Quapaw as rightful owners of approximately 32 million acres (13 million ha), which included all of present-day Arkansas south and west of

4032-460: The Wisconsin River. From the Fox River, the Miami directed, and likely assisted, the men in portaging their canoes for almost two miles through marsh and oak plains to the Wisconsin River , Many years later, the town of Portage , Wisconsin was built and named for the ancient path between the two rivers. They ventured forth from the portage and entered the Mississippi near present-day Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin on June 17. Eight days later,

4116-446: The calumet over his head. The elders standing on shore saw this, and called off the attack. The men were invited to the village of the Michigamea. One of the Michigamea was able to speak to Marquette in the Miami Illinois language, but most of the communication was done through gestures. The men were fed fish and corn stew, then given a place to sleep for the night. In the morning, Michigamea warriors in dugout canoes escorted them to

4200-408: The creek is within the city limits of Little Rock, Arkansas , and nearly 200,000 people reside within its watershed , which is 112 square miles (290 km) in size. The creek is the destination of 73% of the runoff within the city. Sewage from the Little Rock sewers sometimes accidentally enters the creek due to problems with the sewer system, and it has become polluted with trash. Development within

4284-465: The east bank of the Mississippi. Zenobius Membré , a Recollect father who accompanied the LaSalle expedition, planted a cross and attempted to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. La Salle negotiated a peace with the tribe and formally "claimed" the territory for France . The Quapaw were recorded as uniformly kind and friendly toward the French. While villages relocated in the area, four Quapaw villages were generally reported by Europeans along

SECTION 50

#1732855689429

4368-520: The families in their village. During his time at La Pointe, Marquette encountered members of the Illinois tribes, who told him about the important trading route of the Mississippi River. They invited him to come to their village and teach their people, whose settlements were mostly farther south. Marquette was eager to explore this river and asked for permission to take a leave from missionary work, but he first had to attend to an urgent matter. The Hurons and Ottawa at La Pointe had begun fighting with

4452-413: The first Europeans to winter in what would become the city of Chicago. As welcomed guests of the Illinois Confederation , the explorers were feasted en route and fed ceremonial foods such as sagamite . As Marquette had promised, he established The Immaculate Conception mission for the Kaskaskia. In the spring of 1675, Marquette traveled westward and celebrated a public Mass at the Grand Village of

4536-421: The first annual Dhegiha Gathering. The Osage language program hosted and organized the gathering, held at the Quapaw tribe's Downstream Casino. Language-learning techniques and other issues were discussed and taught in workshops at the conference among the five cognate tribes. The 2012 Annual Dhegiha Gathering was also held at Downstream Casino. To revive the language, the tribe is conducting classes in Quapaw at

4620-409: The mid-17th century. The timing of the Quapaw migration into their ancestral territory in the historical period has been the subject of considerable debate by scholars of various fields. It is referred to as the "Quapaw Paradox" by academics. Many professional archaeologists have introduced numerous migration scenarios and time frames, but none has conclusive evidence. Glottochronological studies suggest

4704-411: The mission at Sault Ste. Marie in present-day Michigan. The missionaries planted crops, then built a chapel and barns. They established friendly relationships with the Ottawa and Chippewa that were inhabiting that area, and were allowed to baptize most of the infants and people who were dying. Marquette noted that the Chippewa were great businessmen and exceptionally skilled at catching whitefish from

4788-447: The mission, became aware that an ounce of Marquette's bones was located at Marquette University . Talks between the residents and the university began. The Museum of Ojibwe Culture sent a formal request for the return of the bones. This request was accepted by Marquette University. Two Native American men, one an Anishinaabe elder, arrived at the university in March of 2022. They were presented with Marquette's bones, which they placed in

4872-512: The mission. Two years later, Kiskakon Ottawa from the Saint Ignace mission found Marquette's gravesite. They cleaned his bones in preparation for their journey. Ottawa and Huron, in about thirty canoes, accompanied them back to the mission. Marquette's remains were presented to Fathers Nouvel and Piercon. They led funeral services before burying his bones in the chapel at Mission Saint-Ignace on June 9, 1677. In 2018, residents of St. Ignace, some of them descendants of those led by Marquette to

4956-404: The neighboring Lakota people . Because he feared an attack by the Lakota, Marquette felt it was necessary to find a new place for the mission. Dablon agreed that a new mission was necessary and offered to find a location. Some of the men wanted to stay and fight. Marquette attempted to discourage the imminent war, but most of the men maintained their position. He promised those who wanted to avoid

5040-407: The northeast corner of Oklahoma, then Indian Territory . In 1824, the Jesuits of Maryland , under Father Charles Van Quickenborne, took up work among the native and migrant tribes of Indian Territory (present-day Kansas and Oklahoma). In 1846, the Mission of St. Francis was established among the Osage, on Neosho River , by Fathers John Shoenmakers and John Bax. They extended their services to

5124-401: The other Dhegiha speaking tribes are believed to have migrated west and south from the Ohio River valley after 1200 CE . Scholars are divided as to whether they think the Quapaw and other related groups left before or after the Beaver Wars of the 17th century, in which the Five Nations of the Iroquois (based south of the Great Lakes and to the east of this area), drove other tribes out of

SECTION 60

#1732855689429

5208-400: The party decided to end the exploration. On July 17, they turned back at the mouth of the Arkansas River . They followed the Mississippi back to the mouth of the Illinois River , which they had learned from local natives provided a shorter route back to the Great Lakes. They reached Lake Michigan near the site of modern-day Chicago , by way of the Chicago Portage . The party encountered

5292-437: The policies and resolutions of the Quapaw tribe are voted upon by tribal members over the age of eighteen. The tribe operates a Tribal Police Department and a Fire Department, which handles both fire and EMS calls. They issue their own tribal vehicle tags and have their own housing authority. The tribe owns two smoke shops and motor fuel outlets, known as the Quapaw C-Store and Downstream Q-Store. They also own and operate

5376-424: The public domain Catholic Encyclopedia , written early in the 20th century. It describes the Quapaw from the non-native perspective of that time. A tribe now nearly extinct, but formerly one of the most important of the lower Mississippi region, occupying several villages about the mouth of the Arkansas , chiefly on the west ( Arkansas ) side, with one or two at various periods on the east ( Mississippi ) side of

5460-422: The rapids in the St. Marys River. People from many tribes would travel to purchase the whitefish. Marquette and the other missionaries would explain their faith to the visiting Sioux , Cree , Miami, Potawatomi , Illinois, and Menominee . They hoped that these visitors would be interested in getting their own Jesuit missionary, or "Black Robe," as they were called by the indigenous people. In 1669, Marquette

5544-467: The region adopted the name used by the French, adapting it to English spelling conventions. Other spellings in historical use included Akanza , Acansa , Acansea , Acansia , Accance , and Accancea . The Quapaw are descended from a historical group of Dhegiha speaking people who lived in the lower Ohio River valley area. The modern descendants of this language group include the Omaha , Ponca , Osage and Kaw , all independent nations. The Quapaw and

5628-459: The territory, the U.S. pledged $ 4,000 ($ 80,000 in today's dollars) and an annual payment of $ 1,000 ($ 20,000 in today's dollars). A transcription error in Congress later removed most of Grant County, Arkansas and part of Saline County, Arkansas from the Quapaw claim. Under continued U.S. pressure, in 1824 they ceded this also, excepting 80 acres (320,000 m ) occupied by the chief Saracen below Pine Bluff . They expected to incorporate with

5712-447: The town, as there were frequent attacks from the Five Nations. During his two years at this mission, Marquette devoted himself to the study of the local languages and became fluent in six different dialects. In 1668, Marquette was moved by his superiors to missions farther up the Saint Lawrence River, then into the western Great Lakes region. That year, he helped Druillettes, Brother Louis Broeme, and Father Claude-Jean Allouez found

5796-411: The travelers found footprints near the Des Moines River and went to investigate. They were enthusiastically greeted by the Peoria who lived nearby in three small villages. Marquette and the others were welcomed by the elders, who offered accommodations and had a banquet prepared. The men were offered many gifts by the Peoria. Since Marquette and the men were traveling, they had to decline the most of what

5880-403: The tribal government as well. The Quapaw people's primary annual event is a dance which is held during the Fourth of July weekend. This powwow was organized shortly after the American Civil War , It began as an annual gathering of local tribes with the Quapaw who had finally received rations. It continued as a traditional Quapaw dance and gathering hosted by various tribal families throughout

5964-560: The tribal museum. An online audio lexicon of the Quapaw language was created by editing old recordings of first language speakers speaking the language. In 2024 the Quapaw Nation Culture Division formed a Language Department. This resulted in the hiring of a Language Department Director and the re-initiation of community language classes and services. Jacques Marquette Jacques Marquette , S.J. ( French pronunciation: [ʒak maʁkɛt] ; June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette ,

6048-448: The war that he would take them to a new mission and told them to prepare to move east. In the spring of 1671, Marquette and his party began their journey to the new St. Ignace Mission . The canoes were loaded with men, women, children, animals, and personal belongings. They travelled through Lake Superior and down to the Straits of Mackinac The mission that Dablon had established for them

6132-575: The watershed has made the creek prone to flash flooding . The city's wastewater treatment plant is located immediately above the Fourche/ Arkansas River confluence, and the city of Little Rock cites the economic value and savings from natural purification in the Fourche Bottomlands to be in the millions of dollars. Despite suffering decades of neglect and abuse, Fourche Creek supports a highly diverse population of flora and fauna and

6216-594: The year, one of the largest events besides the annual powwow is the Quapaw Fall Gathering. This gathering began in 2020 as a way to have a social distanced annual gathering, as the July 4th event had been postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Following this it has grown into an annual social event for the Quapaw people featuring historical and cultural discussions, as well as traditional games, and traditional foods. In 2024,

6300-572: The year, which are primarily held at the tribal museum. These include Indian dice games, traditional singing, and classes in traditional arts, such as finger weaving, shawl making, and flute making. In addition, Quapaw language classes are held there. The Quapaw Nation also hosts also efforts to maintain their culture. A significant manner of engaging Quapaw youth is the Camp Quapaw, an annual summer program that brings together Quapaw youth and other area community members. The traditional Quapaw language

6384-478: The years. It was eventually hosted and funded by the Devils Promenade Indian Club. Ultimately the Quapaw Nation government would fund the gathering, and it is currently ran by an individual who is elected by the Quapaw people for their ability to organize the event, which includes traditional camping, gathering, and also features a large contest powwow which attracts participants from other tribes. 2022

6468-597: Was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan 's first European settlement, Sault Sainte Marie , and later founded Saint Ignace . In 1673, Marquette, with Louis Jolliet , an explorer born near Quebec City , was the first European to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley. Jacques Marquette was born in Laon , France , on June 1, 1637. He was the third of six children for Rose de la Salle and Nicolas Marquette. The de la Salles were

6552-605: Was assigned to replace Allouez at the La Pointe du Saint Esprit mission. Father Claude Dablon arrived to continue and expand the missionary work at Sault Ste. Marie. Marquette began the 500-mile journey to his new assignment in August, travelling by canoe along the south shore of Lake Superior . The party soon encountered wintry conditions on the lake and were often unable to light a fire when they went ashore at night. The party reached their destination on September 13, and were greeted by

6636-558: Was considered an ideal place for training new missionaries. Marquette studied the languages and customs of the Algonquin, Abenaki, and Iroquois people that he often tended to at Sillery. From there, he was assigned to Trois-Rivières on the Saint Lawrence River , where he assisted Gabriel Druillettes . This mission was located in a river town that had permanent shops and taverns. A large number of French soldiers were stationed in

6720-410: Was located on Mackinac Island . The group would be welcomed by a small group of Ottawa who already inhabited the island. Shortly after the new residents arrived on the island, they became worried about the possibility of winter starvation. They had noticed that game was scarce and no corn had grown. A group of elders approached Marquette with these concerns, and Marquette agreed. In the fall, the mission

6804-538: Was moved to the mainland at St. Ignace, Michigan . Marquette's request to take a leave from missionary work to explore the great river was granted in 1673. Marquette joined the expedition of Louis Jolliet, a French-Canadian explorer. They departed from Saint Ignace on May 17, with two canoes and five voyageurs of French-Indian ancestry . Four of these are known to be: Jacques Largillier, Jean Plattier, Pierre Moreau, and Jean Tiberge. They travelled through Lake Huron and Lake Michigan and into Green Bay . This

6888-610: Was offered. Marquette did accept a calumet that was gifted to him by the chief. The chief explained that it was a symbol of peace and advised Marquette to display it as an indication of his amicable intentions. As the men left the village, the Peoria chief cautioned them against going too much farther south. As the party continued south, Marquette hoped to find the Chanouananons. They were known to be friendly to French, and Marquette felt they may be interested in Christianity. They did not find

6972-503: Was the 150th anniversary of this dance happening annually in the same general location. Common features of this powwow include gourd dance , war dance, stomp dance , and 49s. Other activities take place such as traditional Quapaw games including Indian football, handgame , traditional Quapaw footraces, Quapaw traditional dinners, turkey dance , Indian Dice, and other dances such as Quapaw Dance, and dances from other area tribes. The Quapaw Nation also hosts additional events throughout

7056-498: Was unsuccessful. He felt they may have misunderstood the intentions of the men with guns, and that they may have been inviting them to their village. Marquette was correct. He and the other men followed them to their village, where they were fed beef and white plums. At the mouth of the Saint Francis River, the men spotted a village. They heard war cries and saw men jumping into the river, trying to get to them. Marquette held

#428571