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26-525: (Redirected from Forum Iulium ) Forum Julium may refer to the following Ancient Roman places: the Forum of Caesar , a major square in Rome the settlement Illiturgis , in southern Iberia (Spain) See also [ edit ] Forum Iulii (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

52-528: A forum bearing his name in the northeast section of the Forum Romanum, and purchased some very expensive parcels of land in that area (the final cost was said to be 100,000,000 sesterces ). Forum construction began probably in 51 BC, although Cicero and Gaius Oppius were entrusted with purchasing the parcels of land on Caesar's behalf as early as 54 BC. On the eve of the Battle of Pharsalus in 48, Caesar vowed

78-538: A horse with feet carved like those of a human, according to Pliny the Elder . In the time of Hadrian , and perhaps earlier, a fountain with three basins connected by low walls was set in front of the temple, with a statue of the Empress Vibia Sabina placed on a base adjacent to it. The Temple of Venus Genetrix contained an important collection of statues, paintings and engravings. The cult statue of Venus Genetrix

104-594: A massive fire ravaged the city in AD 80, including the Forum Romanum. The Forum of Caesar was not rebuilt until AD 95, however, indicating that perhaps Domitian had a personal interest in the reconstruction. This could be seen in the separation of the Curia from the Forum, symbolizing a reversal of Caesar's wish to have the Senate closely connected with him. Not much senatorial business took place in

130-439: A team of archaeologists under the direction of Anna de Santis and Paola Catalano unearthed an inhumation tomb dating from the 10th century BC in the Forum of Caesar, in comparison to the previous five cremation tombs unearthed there from July 1999 to April 2006. [REDACTED] Media related to Forum of Caesar at Wikimedia Commons Ascanius Ascanius ( / ə ˈ s k eɪ n i ə s / ; Ancient Greek : Ἀσκάνιος)

156-524: A temple to Venus Victrix , the legendary progenitor of his own clan, the gens Iulia . This original dedication was done because she was Pompey's favourite goddess, and Caesar hoped to gain the goddess's favour before the battle against Pompey. The forum measured 160 x 75 m, stretching from the Argiletum on the southeast side of the Forum Romanum to the Atrium Libertatis . On completion in 46 BC it

182-467: Is the path to the stars; son of gods that will have gods as sons." or "Blessings on your fresh courage, boy, scion of gods and ancestor of gods yet to be, so it is man rises to the stars." In this verse, Virgil makes a clear reference to the offspring of Iulus, from whom Augustus Caesar claimed descent. Therefore, in this verse Virgil refers to the Gens Julia , the family of Augustus and Julius Caesar , who

208-517: The Aeneid , Ascanius is a teenager without real war experiences, but while besieged by the Italians, Ascanius launches an arrow against Numanus, the husband of the youngest sister of Turnus . After killing Numanus, Apollo comes and says to Ascanius: Macte nova virtute, puer: sic itur ad astra, dis genite et geniture deos. This phrase can be translated into English as: "Go forth with new value, boy: thus

234-480: The Forum afterwards, except for the secretarium senatus in the 4th century. Diocletian restored the forum after a fire in 283 A.D. In the sixteenth century, excavations unearthed the travertine and tufa foundations of the Temple of Venus Genetrix, as well as remains of columns and frieze. Andrea Palladio and Antonio Labacco made illustrations of these remains, peripteral octastyle in design. In late May 2006,

260-448: The Forum became a place for public business that was related to the Senate in addition to a shrine for Caesar himself as well as Venus Genetrix . Before his assassination, Caesar would have the Senate meet him before his temple, an act deemed very unpopular by the Senate. The Forum of Caesar also had an effect on the Curia , which Caesar began to reconstruct in 44 BC. This reconstruction moved

286-490: The Forum of Caesar much closer to the Curia. The ten tabernae located on the western side of the Forum and its now close approximation to the Senate house symbolized the unity that Caesar felt between himself and the Senate. Caesar also placed a statue of his favourite horse in front of the temple. Following his assassination, a statue of Caesar riding this horse was added. Caesar ( gens Julia ) claimed descent from Venus through his ancestor Julus . The Temple of Venus Genetrix

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312-553: The Italian Wars at the time Aeneas was alive. In the Aeneid, it is Aeneas who kills Lausus after harming Mezentius, who escaped while his son faced the Trojan king. When the news about Lausus' death reaches Mezentius, he comes back to face Aeneas, and is killed too. In this account, Ascanius does not participate in these deaths. Nevertheless, Virgil shows Ascanius' first experience at war. In

338-522: The Trojan prince Aeneas and Creusa , daughter of Priam . After the Trojan War , as the city burned, Aeneas escaped to Latium in Italy , taking his father Anchises and his child Ascanius with him, though Creusa died during the escape. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus , Ascanius' original name was Euryleon and this name was changed to Ascanius after his flight from Troy. According to Virgil, Ascanius

364-483: The collection of Mithridates dedicated by Caesar's rival Pompey . It is not known where or how Caesar obtained these six collections. Cassius Dio stated that Augustus also deposited a statue of Caesar with a star above his head in the temple, although some scholars believe this was confused with the Temple of Divus Julius in the Forum Romanum. Dio also stated that Caligula added a statue of his sister Drusilla inside

390-562: The son of Aeneas and Lavinia and thus born in Latium , not Troy . Ascanius later fought in the Italian Wars along with his father Aeneas. After the death of Aeneas, Ascanius became king of Lavinium and an Etruscan king named Mezentius took advantage of the occasion to besiege the city. Mezentius succeeded in making the city surrender and agree to pay a yearly tribute. Upon his retirement, Ascanius fell upon him and his army unaware and entirely defeated Mezentius and killed his son Lausus. Mezentius

416-510: The square and a building with pillars made of tuff blocks, named Basilica Argentaria , was erected. The new temple was inaugurated in the same day as the Trajan's Column , on May 12, 113, as attested by an inscription in the Fasti Ostienses . In the plaza of the forum, Caesar allowed a statue of himself wearing a cuirass to be set up, and also set up an equestrian statue of himself seated on

442-465: The temple after her death. In the plaza, a statue of Tiberius was set up by fourteen cities of Asia Minor to honor the relief he sent them after earthquakes in 17 and 23 A.D. Following the reigns of Caesar and Augustus, a total reconstruction of the Forum took place, headed by the Roman Emperor Domitian . Why this reconstruction occurred is not exactly known. Under the reign of Titus ,

468-486: The title Forum Julium . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forum_Julium&oldid=1040757119 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Forum of Caesar Caesar decided to construct

494-558: Was a legendary king of Alba Longa (1176-1138 BC) and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas and Creusa , daughter of Priam . He is a significant figure in Roman mythology because of his genealogy: as the son of the Roman founding father Aeneas, himself the son of the goddess Venus and the Trojan prince Anchises , he was regarded as an ancestor of the Roman people. Under his additional name Iulus , he

520-488: Was also called Iulus or Julus. The gens Julia , the clan to which Julius Caesar belonged, claimed descent from Ascanius/Iulus, his father Aeneas, and, ultimately, the goddess Venus , the mother of Aeneas in myth, his father being the mortal Anchises. Dionysius however, identified Julus as a son of Ascanius who disputed the succession of the kingdom of Alba Longa with Silvius, upon the death of Ascanius. According to another legend mentioned by Livy , Ascanius may have been

546-511: Was claimed as the particular ancestor of the gens Iulia , the family of Julius Caesar , and therefore a progenitor of the first line of Roman emperors, the Julio-Claudian dynasty . In some Roman genealogies, he is also made to be an ancestor of Romulus and Remus . Together with his father, he is a major character in Virgil 's Aeneid . In Greek and Roman mythology , Ascanius was the son of

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572-515: Was completed after Caesar's assassination by Roman senators, which included lavish games in reference to Caesar's original dedication of the Forum. The temple was re-built after the removal of the gap between the Capitoline Hill and the Quirinal Hill , under the reigns of Domitian and Trajan ; during the adaptation of the gap, a second floor of tabernae was created behind the west portico of

598-536: Was dedicated to Caesar and his deeds. As part of the dedication, lavish games were funded by Caesar, indicating the staggering cost and thus the personal interest that Caesar had invested in the project. Some believe that Augustus furnished the west side with the shops and offices therefore being the one to see its completion. The Forum of Caesar originally meant an expansion of the Forum Romanum. The Forum, however, evolved so that it served two additional purposes. As Caesar became more and more involved in this project,

624-522: Was deified after his death. Sic itur ad astra become proverbial, and several mottos use an ad astra phrase. After this episode, Apollo orders to the Trojans to keep Ascanius away from the war. In this same episode Ascanius, before launching the fatal arrow in Numanus, prays to Jupiter, saying: Jupiter omnipotens, audacibus annue cœptis ("Omnipotent Jupiter, please favour my bold attempt"). The last part of

650-485: Was forced to agree to pay a yearly tribute. Subsequent to this, exactly thirty years after the founding of Lavinium, Ascanius founded the city of Alba Longa and became its first king. He left Lavinia in charge of the city of Lavinium. Ascanius was succeeded by Silvius , who was either his younger brother or his son. Ascanius died in the 28th year of his reign. However, in the Aeneid , Virgil claims that Mezentius fought in

676-450: Was sculpted by Arcesilaüs . A gilded statue of Cleopatra VII was erected, setting a precedent for dedications to notable women in the precinct. Paintings in the forum included one of Medea , mythological Greek heroine of Euripides ' play Medea , as well as one of Ajax , mythological Greek hero of Sophocles ' Ajax , done by Timomachus . Perhaps more personal to Caesar were six collections of engraved gems . These surpassed in number

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