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39-625: Fort Yukon ( Gwichyaa Zheh in Gwich'in ) is a city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska , straddling the Arctic Circle . The population, predominantly Gwich'in Alaska Natives , was 428 at the 2020 census , down from 595 in 2000. Fort Yukon was the hometown of the late Alaska Congressman Don Young . Served by Fort Yukon Airport , it is also known for having

78-517: A big situation that had and do still cause cultural disruptions. There are two main dialects of Gwichʼin, eastern and western, which are delineated roughly at the Canada–US border . There are several dialects within these subgroupings, including Fort Yukon Gwichʼin, Arctic Village Gwichʼin, Western Canada Gwichʼin (Takudh, Tukudh, Loucheux), and Arctic Red River. Each village has unique dialect differences, idioms, and expressions. The Old Crow people in

117-708: A majority of the population shifts to English. According to the UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Gwichʼin is now "severely endangered." There are about 260 Gwichʼin speakers in Canada out of a total Gwichʼin population of 1,900. About 300 out of a total Alaska Gwichʼin population of 1,100 speak the language. In 1988, the NWT Official Languages Act named Gwich'in as an official language of

156-658: A masculine adjective), derived from its geographical location on the upper reaches of the Yana River . In 1775, it was moved to the left bank of the Yana River to facilitate tax collection. It was granted town status in 1817. Between the 1860s and 1917, the town was a place of political exile, with some of the more prominent exiles including the Polish writer Wacław Sieroszewski , as well as Bolshevik revolutionaries Ivan Babushkin and Viktor Nogin . As an inhabited locality , Verkhoyansk

195-524: A minor tourist destination. On February 7, 1984, a Terrier Malemute -type sounding rocket , with a maximum altitude of 310 miles (500 km), was launched from Fort Yukon. Fort Yukon is located on the north bank of the Yukon River at its confluence with the Porcupine River , about 145 miles (233 km) northeast of Fairbanks. As of 2014, the Arctic Circle passes through the southern portion of

234-509: A new modified spelling system. The purpose of his writing system was to better distinguish the sounds of the Gwichʼin language. Later on, Mueller's writing system was officially adopted by the Yukon Territory . The new writing system helped preserve the Gwichʼin language: previously, young people found it difficult to understand written Gwichʼin. Few Gwichʼin speak their heritage language as

273-620: A northerly area, being far warmer than the tree line threshold. The highest temperature ever recorded in Alaska occurred in Fort Yukon on June 27, 1915, when it reached 100 °F (37.8 °C). This was also the highest temperature recorded north of the Arctic Circle until June 20, 2020, when it was finally exceeded by a 38 °C (100.4 °F) reading at Verkhoyansk , a location similarly known for its extremely continental climate. Fort Yukon

312-522: A presence in the town. Verkhoyansk sees excessively cold winter temperatures and some of the greatest temperature differences on Earth between summer and winter. Average monthly temperatures range from −44.7 °C (−48.5 °F) in January to +16.5 °C (61.7 °F) in July. Mean monthly temperatures are below freezing from October through April and exceed +10 °C (50 °F) from June through August, with

351-498: A rural campus facility called the Yukon Flats Center. Gwich%27in language The ejective affricate in the name Gwichʼin is usually written with symbol U+2019 ’ RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK , though the correct character for this use (with expected glyph and typographic properties) is U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE . The missionary Robert McDonald first started working on

390-472: A total area of 7.4 square miles (19 km), of which 7.0 square miles (18 km) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km) of it (5.65%) is water. Fort Yukon has a strongly continental subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfc ). In the summer Fort Yukon has midnight sun and in December the sun appears for only a few hours each day. Summer temperatures are exceptionally high for such

429-632: A verb read from the right to left, so full understanding is obtained. In the PBS Kids television show Molly of Denali , the main character Molly comes from a family of Gwich'in background, and therefore uses words in the Gwich'in language such as 'Mahsi' Choo' throughout the show. Molly shares her Gwich'in background with the show's creative producer, Princess Daazhraii Johnson. Verkhoyansk Verkhoyansk (Russian: Верхоянск , IPA: [vʲɪrxɐˈjansk] ; Yakut : Верхоянскай , Verhoyanskay )

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468-418: A verb. A verb can be composed by using a stem, which is then accompanied by smaller word parts, i.e. prefixes. A prefix gives off a lot of information. It informs an individual about whether the word is in the past or present tense. A prefix can also inform the individual about the number of people participating. The stem can be found at the end of the word and the prefix follows right behind the stem when reading

507-408: Is 182 millimeters (7.2 in). Although no month can be described as truly wet, there are strong seasonal differences in precipitation, with the summer being much wetter than the winter; yet interestingly, because the driest month (April) is in the "summer" and has less than one-third the precipitation of the wettest "winter" month (October), Verkhoyansk's climate technically qualifies as Köppen Dsd ,

546-607: Is a town in Verkhoyansky District of the Sakha Republic , Russia , located on the Yana River in the Arctic Circle , 92 kilometers (57 mi) from Batagay , the administrative center of the district, and 675 kilometers (419 mi) north of Yakutsk , the capital of the Sakha republic. As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,311. Verkhoyansk holds the record for the hottest temperature ever recorded north of

585-619: Is also subject to severe winters, being less influenced by chinook winds than areas to the west—the winter season absolute maximum being 13 °F (7.2 °C) colder than in Fairbanks. Until 1971, Fort Yukon held the all-time lowest temperature record for Alaska and the United States at −78 °F (−61.1 °C), and it still holds the record for the lowest mean monthly temperature when the notoriously cold month of December 1917 had an average daily temperature of −48.3 °F (−44.6 °C) and

624-566: Is classified as a town under district level jurisdiction. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated within Verkhoyansky District as the Town of Verkhoyansk. As a municipal division , the Town of Verkhoyansk is incorporated within Verkhoyansky Municipal District as Verkhoyansk Urban Settlement. There is a river port , an airport, a fur-collecting depot, and

663-622: The Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks to document traditional knowledge of caribou anatomy (Mishler and Frank 2020). Gwich’in is spoken by many First Nations and residential schools played a factor in creating a cultural disruption and a language shift. During the time that residential schools were open their main goal was to change the way indigenous communities operated entirely. Another goal of

702-966: The Journal of the Yukon, 1847–48 , which gave valuable insight into the culture of the Gwich’in at the time. While the post was in Russian America , the Hudson's Bay Company continued to trade there until the American traders expelled it in 1869, following the Alaska Purchase when the Alaska Commercial Company took over the post. During the Klondike Gold Rush , in the winter of 1897–1898, Fort Yukon received two hundred prospectors from Dawson City , which

741-539: The Arctic Circle, with 38.0 °C (100.4 °F), and it also holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Asia , −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F). The cold record is shared with Oymyakon . Cossacks founded an ostrog in 1638, 90 kilometers (56 mi) southwest of the modern town. The ostrog's name "Verkhoyansky", roughly translating from Russian as [thing/ostrog] on the Upper Yana (grammatically, it's only

780-749: The Northwest Territories, and the Official Languages of Alaska Law as amended declared Gwich'in a recognized language in 2014. The Gwich'in language is taught regularly at the Chief Zzeh Gittlit School in Old Crow, Yukon. Projects are underway to document the language and enhance the writing and translation skills of younger Gwich'in speakers. In one project, lead research associate and fluent speaker Gwichʼin elder Kenneth Frank works with linguists and young Gwich'in speakers affiliated with

819-405: The average family size was 3.37. In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males. The median income for a household in the city

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858-529: The average minimum temperatures for January, February, and December are below −50 °C (−58 °F). In its short summer, daytime temperatures over +30 °C (86 °F) are not uncommon. The average annual temperature for Verkhoyansk is −14 °C (7 °F). On 20 June 2020 and again in June 2023, Verkhoyansk recorded a temperature of +38.0 °C (100.4 °F), yielding a temperature range of 105.8 °C (190.4 °F) based on reliable records, making it

897-691: The center of a reindeer-raising area. Verkhoyansk gives its name to the Verkhoyansk Range , one of the main mountainous zones of the Eastern Siberian System . The town is located close to the northwestern edge of the Yana-Oymyakon Highlands , a cold and sparsely populated area. Orthodox Christianity is the most widely professed faith in Verkhoyansk, with a significant non-religious population. Shamanism and Aiyy Faith also have

936-541: The city at 66°33′48.1″N 145°15′23″W  /  66.563361°N 145.25639°W  / 66.563361; -145.25639 . Due to long-term oscillations in the Earth's axis, the Arctic Circle currently shifts northward by about 14.5 metres (48 ft) per year, though varying substantially from year to year due to the complexity of the movement. According to the United States Census Bureau , Yukon City has

975-407: The city. The population density was 85.0 inhabitants per square mile (32.8/km). There were 317 housing units at an average density of 45.3 per square mile (17.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 86.05% Native American , 10.76% White , 0.17% Black or African American , 0.17% Asian , and 0.17% from other races , and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of

1014-419: The coastline of Norway . Both settlements are on 67°N and almost on the same latitudal decimal. In spite of this, Røst is on average more than 45 °C (81 °F) milder during winter. In summer and particularly during July, on the other hand, Verkhoyansk is significantly warmer than its Norwegian counterpart. Verkhoyansk has a dry climate with little rainfall or snowfall; the average annual precipitation

1053-535: The cooler months. Verkhoyansk is one of the places considered the northern Pole of Cold , the other being Oymyakon , located 629 km (391 miles) away by air. The lowest recorded temperature was −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F), recorded on January 15, 1885, and both February 5 and 7, 1892. On 6 February 1933 however, the temperature at Oymyakon reached −67.7 °C (−89.9 °F), just barely above Verkhoyansk's record. Only Greenland and Antarctica have recorded lower temperatures than Oymyakon or Verkhoyansk:

1092-407: The intervening months of May and September constituting very short transitional seasons. Located within the Arctic Circle, Verkhoyansk has an extreme subarctic climate rather than a tundra climate , dominated much of the year by high pressure . This has the effect of cutting off the region from warming influences in winter and together with a lack of cloud cover leads to extensive heat losses during

1131-577: The largest temperature range in the world. It was also the highest temperature above the Arctic Circle ever recorded. Only a handful of towns in Siberia and Canada have temperature ranges of 100 °C (180 °F) or more, and Verkhoyansk is the only place on earth with a temperature range of 105 °C (189 °F) or higher. Verkhoyansk has never recorded a temperature above freezing between November 10 and March 14. Verkhoyansk has an extreme latitude temperature anomaly when compared with Røst off

1170-750: The lowest directly recorded temperature at ground level is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), recorded at the Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983, and a temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) was recorded via satellite observations at the East Antarctic Plateau in Antarctica on 10 August 2010. The World Meteorological Organization has recently recognized a temperature of −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) measured in Greenland on 22 December 1991 as

1209-526: The lowest in the Northern Hemisphere. The record was measured at an automatic weather station and was uncovered after nearly 30 years. In this area, temperature inversions consistently form in winter due to the extremely cold and dense air of the Siberian High pooling in deep hollows, so that temperatures increase rather than decrease with higher altitude. In Verkhoyansk it sometimes happens that

Fort Yukon, Alaska - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-528: The minimum averaged −58 °F (−50.0 °C). Fort Yukon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village of 109 residents. Of those, 107 were members of the Tinneh Tribe and 2 were Whites. It did not appear on the 1890 census, but has returned in every successive census since 1900. It formally incorporated in 1959, the year Alaska became a state. As of the census of 2000, there were 595 people, 225 households, and 137 families residing in

1287-545: The northern Yukon have approximately the same dialect as those bands living in Venetie and Arctic Village, Alaska . Gwich’in speakers located in Old Crow speak several dialects including Kâachik and Tâachik. They are spoken in Johnson Creek village. The consonants of Gwichʼin in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets): A verb in Gwich’in contains smaller word parts that come together to make

1326-406: The population. There were 225 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.8% were married couples living together, 23.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and

1365-704: The record highest temperature in Alaska. This area north of the Arctic Circle was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous people and in historic times by the Gwich’in people. Gwich'yaa Zhee means "House on the Flats " in Gwichʼin . What became the village of Fort Yukon developed from a trading post, Fort Yukon, established by Alexander Hunter Murray of the Hudson's Bay Company , on June 25, 1847. Murray drew numerous sketches of fur trade posts and of people and wrote

1404-504: The residential schools was to wipe out the indigenous culture and replace it with the European culture , also causing the indigenous children to abandon their heritage language. This process was done by taking the children away from their families and placing them in a school. Fortunately, the Gwich’in and the Dinjii Zhuh culture did survive the residential schools. Residential schools were

1443-486: The written representation of Van Tat and Dagoo dialects Gwichʼin. He also produced a Bible and a hymn book which was written in Gwichʼin in 1898. McDonald used English orthography as his model when representing Gwichʼin. This was unusual for missionaries at the time: other missionaries were translating the Bible from French into languages such as northern Slavey . After 1960, Wycliffe Bible translator Richard Mueller introduced

1482-524: Was $ 29,375, and the median income for a family was $ 32,083. Males had a median income of $ 25,000 versus $ 27,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,360. About 18.0% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over. Yukon Flats School District operates the Fort Yukon School, serving Fort Yukon. The University of Alaska (Fairbanks) operates

1521-576: Was short of supply. A post office was established on July 12, 1898, with John Hawksly as its first postmaster. The settlement suffered over the following decades as a result of several infectious disease epidemics and a 1949 flood. During the 1950s, the United States Air Force established a base and radar station at Fort Yukon; the town was officially incorporated in 1959. Since the late 20th century, due in part to its extreme northerly location and its proximity to Fairbanks , it has become

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