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58-544: The Block House was constructed in 1764 as a defensive military redoubt. Henry Bouquet initiated the construction of a small number of redoubts around the outer walls of the fort as a way to reinforce its defense, of which only the Fort Pitt Block House survives. When Fort Pitt was demolished in 1792, the Block House was left untouched because it was already in use as a residence. The structure had been converted into

116-583: A fief . In 1295 it passed to the Knight Jean De Grailly the 1st who named it Ruello changed centuries later to Rolle. In the course of the rivalry between the Counts of Savoy and the Lords of Vaud, in 1319 Amadeus V of Savoy finally built a city around the castle. This new city closed a gap in the savoy settlements on the northern shores of Lake Geneva. The layout of the town, a large main street running parallel to

174-402: A historical marker issued by the commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is a Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation designated Historic Landmark . Pittsburgh Waste Book and Fort Pitt Trading Post Papers . ULS Archives Service Center University of Pittsburgh Library System. Henry Bouquet Henry Bouquet (born Henri Louis Bouquet ; 1719 – 2 September 1765)

232-548: A century ago, should fall into the hands of those who by birth, tradition, and sentiment are particularly fitted to receive and preserve it and perpetuate the memories of the days when it was occupied by the French and their Indian allies, and afterwards by the British and Colonial troops. (However, the French had already abandoned control of the area when the blockhouse was built in 1764.) Industrialist Henry Clay Frick purchased all of

290-518: A court clerk, and ten members from Rolle and villages in the district. One of ten members governed the city. In 1740, the town bought itself out from under some taxes and duties. Rolle was the birthplace of Frédéric-César de La Harpe and Amédée de La Harpe , two important figures in the French Revolution and the end of the Ancien Régime of Switzerland . Toward the end of the 18th Century, it

348-457: A decent sized Research and Development site here. As of  2010 , Rolle had an unemployment rate of 6.4%. As of 2008 , there were 45 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 388 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 46 businesses in this sector. 2,327 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 275 businesses in this sector. There were 1,995 residents of

406-470: A deputy ruler and received a dairy farm and half of the furnaces and mills. Starting in 1366, the citizens became exempt from tolls in Aubonne. The Duke of Savoy granted the right to hold a weekly market in 1425. In 1484, he elevated it from a feudal property to a free city. The fief of Le Rosey in the district of Rolle belonged to the lord of Vufflens in the middle of the 14th Century. It later passed into

464-512: A form of biological warfare in the use of blankets infected with smallpox which were to be distributed to Native Americans. Despite this indictment historians have praised Bouquet for leading British forces in several demanding campaigns on the Western Frontier in which they "protected and rescued" settlers from increasingly frequent attacks. Bouquet was born in Rolle , Switzerland, in 1719. He

522-471: A private car. From the 2000 census , 1,549 or 36.6% were Roman Catholic , while 1,309 or 30.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 79 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.87% of the population), and there were 240 individuals (or about 5.67% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 18 individuals (or about 0.43% of

580-568: A private house in 1785 by Isaac Craig . In 1894, philanthropist Mary Schenley presented the deed to the Block House to the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). She did this specifically so that the structure might be preserved for future generations: You are to preserve and keep this relic of a bygone past, and to gather and preserve all obtainable history and tradition in regard to it, and you are to beautify and adorn it and to make it

638-507: A rate of 32.4% due to migration and at a rate of 4.3% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks French (3,130 or 73.9%) as their first language, with Portuguese being second most common (208 or 4.9%) and English being third (183 or 4.3%). There are 178 people who speak German , 162 people who speak Italian and 3 people who speak Romansh . The age distribution, as of 2009 , in Rolle is; 636 children or 11.4% of

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696-425: A small outpost called Bushy Run , in what is now Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania . In a two-day battle, Bouquet defeated the tribes and Fort Pitt was relieved. The battle marked a turning point in the war. It was during Pontiac's War that Bouquet gained a certain lasting infamy, when he ordered the men under his command to distribute smallpox-infested blankets from the infirmary to besieging Native Americans during

754-449: A total of 655 inhabited buildings. There were 204 multi-family buildings (31.1%), along with 125 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (19.1%) and 67 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (10.2%). In 2000 , a total of 1,554 apartments (76.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 426 apartments (21.1%) were seasonally occupied and 41 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009 ,

812-404: Is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 28.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 18.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 4.4% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.0%. Out of the forested land, 3.3% of the total land area

870-472: Is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 17.2% is used for growing crops and 3.3% is pastures, while 9.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.4% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams. The municipality was part of the Rolle District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Rolle became part of

928-600: Is not clear, however, whether the smallpox was a result of the Fort Pitt incident or the virus was already present among the Delaware people as outbreaks happened on their own every dozen or so years and the delegates were met again later and they seemingly hadn't contracted smallpox. Smallpox was highly contagious among the Native Americans, and – together with measles , influenza, chicken pox , and other Old World diseases –

986-665: Is referred to in Conrad Richter 's 1953 novel The Light in the Forest , which tells the story of one young man returned to his white family as part of the 1764 treaty. The Colonel is also referred to in Paul Muldoon's poem, "Meeting the British". Rolle Rolle ( French pronunciation: [ʁɔl] ) is a municipality in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland . It was the seat of

1044-801: The 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 26.57% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (21.74%), the FDP (13.66%) and the Green Party (12.09%). In the federal election, a total of 982 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.2%. Rolle has gained popularity as a company tax haven in Switzerland. Yahoo! moved its European headquarters from UK to Rolle in 2008 and Ineos moved its principal executive offices to Rolle from UK in 2010, for tax reasons. Cisco Systems also has

1102-627: The French Revolution . The barony included the town of Rolle (except the fief of Les Uttins which belonged until the 18th century to the La Harpe family), Tartegnin, Vinzel, Luins, half of Essertines-sur-Rolle, some homes in Begnins, the region of Vincy, and Saint-Vincent (now in Gilly ), Bursinel and in 1615 they acquired Le Rosey Castle, Dully and Le Vaud. The judicial court was composed of the lord, his deputy,

1160-540: The Ohio Country had fallen to the allied tribes, and Fort Pitt , Fort Ligionier , and Fort Bedford along Forbes's road were besieged or threatened. Bouquet, who was in Philadelphia , threw together a hastily organised force of 500 men, mostly Scots Highlanders, to relieve the forts. On 5 August 1763, Bouquet and the relief column were attacked by warriors from the Delaware , Mingo , Shawnee , and Wyandot tribes near

1218-621: The Siege of Fort Pitt in June 1763. During a parley in midst of the siege on June 24, 1763, Captain Simeon Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares small metal boxes containing two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, in an attempt to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. After the end of the war, Levy, Trent and Company , of which William Trent

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1276-676: The Block House resides within the boundaries of Point State Park, it is owned and operated by the Fort Pitt Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The DAR allows visitors to the park to tour the structure. The building is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places as being the sole surviving historical building in the " Forks of the Ohio (Site of Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, Bouquet's Blockhouse)" historic place. It also has

1334-585: The Chain of friendship. Out of our regard to them we gave them two Blankets and an Handkerchief out of the Small Pox Hospital. I hope it will have the desired effect. They then told us that Ligonier had been attacked, but that the Enemy were beat of. A month later in a series of letters between Bouquet and his commander, General Jeffery Amherst , the idea of using smallpox blankets was proposed and agreed upon to infect

1392-598: The Champ de verse which may have come from the village of Saint-Nicolas de Ver. In 1261, the Lords of Mont planned to build a city along the lake that would compete with the Aubonne and Saint-Prex . By around 1264, Rolle Castle was built to protect the pier at the lake. However, the planned city was never built by the Mont family. In 1291, the castle was in possession of Count Amadeus V of Savoy, who granted it to several different families as

1450-600: The Indian tribes that had been allied to the French during the French and Indian War to join together to continue the fight to remove the British from the territory. Pontiac initiated attacks on the westernmost frontier forts and settlements, believing the defeated French would rally and come to their aid. The start of the conflict is usually described as the siege of Fort Detroit on 10 May 1763. Fort Sandusky , Fort Michilimackinac , Fort Presque Isle , and numerous other frontier outposts were quickly overrun. Several frontier forts in

1508-551: The Indians by giving them infected blankets. Amherst wrote to Bouquet, then in Lancaster , on about 29 June 1763: "Could it not be contrived to send the small pox among those disaffected tribes of Indians? We must on this occasion use every stratagem in our power to reduce them." Bouquet agreed, replying to Amherst on 13 July: "I will try to inoculate the Indians by means of blankets that may fall in their hands, taking care however not to get

1566-472: The Rolle school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 334 students in

1624-706: The Swiss guards. In 1756, Bouquet entered the British Army as a lieutenant colonel in the 60th Regiment of Foot (Royal American Regiment), a unit made up largely of members of Pennsylvania's German immigrant community. After leading the Royal Americans to Charleston, South Carolina to bolster that city's defences, the regiment was recalled to Philadelphia to take part in General John Forbes ' expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758. While Bouquet travelled down

1682-413: The archives at Rolle Castle. Rolle has an area, as of 2009 , of 2.7 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi). Of this area, 0.81 km (0.31 sq mi) or 29.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.15 km (0.058 sq mi) or 5.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.74 km (0.67 sq mi) or 63.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.7%

1740-588: The construction rate of new housing units was 11.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 0.61%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Rolle Castle , the Library of the Community of Rolle and Île de la Harpe are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire old city of Rolle is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In

1798-402: The disease myself." Amherst responded on 16 July: "You will do well to try to inoculate the Indians by means of blankets, as well as to try every other method that can serve to extirpate this execrable race." By the autumn of 1764, Bouquet had become the commander of Fort Pitt . To subdue the ongoing Indian uprising, he led a force of nearly 1,500 militiamen and regular British soldiers from

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1856-467: The district of Rolle until 2006, when it became part of the district of Nyon . It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Geneva ( Lac Léman ) between Nyon and Lausanne . Rolle is approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) northeast of Geneva (Genève) in the La Côte wine-growing region, and has views of the high Alps . Rolle is also the birthplace of Frédéric-César de la Harpe (1754–1838), who

1914-636: The fort into the Ohio Country . On 13 October 1764, Bouquet's men reached the Tuscarawas River . Shortly thereafter, representatives from the Shawnees, Senecas , and Delawares came to Bouquet to sue for peace. Bouquet then moved his men from the Tuscarawas River to the Muskingum River at modern-day Coshocton, Ohio . This placed him in the heart of tribal lands and would allow him to quickly strike

1972-420: The lake shore with a cross street that connects the port with the hinterland, follow the construction patterns of typical Zähringer towns. The residents of Saint-Nicolas de Ver, possibly an unsuccessful town founded by the Lords de Mont, settled in Rolle. The new city, which was built with a palisade , was granted a city charter along the lines of the charter of Moudon . As compensation, Jean de Mont became

2030-623: The land surrounding the Block House in 1902, shortly before Schenley's death. He offered the DAR $ 25,000 to move the Block House to Schenley Park ; however, the DAR refused. Following lengthy litigation, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled in favor of the DAR and the Block House, enabling its continued preservation. The structure has never been torn down, completely rebuilt, or moved during its centuries of existence. Much of its timbers, brick, and stone remain original to its 1764 construction. Although

2088-400: The municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 262 students in those schools. There were also 22 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school. As of 2000 , there were 414 students in Rolle who came from another municipality, while 164 residents attended schools outside the municipality. It

2146-412: The municipality and 1,187 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 6.1% of the workforce coming into Rolle are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.3% used

2204-447: The municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.0% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,417. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, of which 26 were in agriculture and 1 was in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 367 of which 224 or (61.0%) were in manufacturing and 107 (29.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in

2262-511: The municipality. There were 1,848 married individuals, 274 widows or widowers and 214 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 1,617 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 586 households that consist of only one person and 89 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 1,665 households that answered this question, 35.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 9 adults who lived with their parents. Of

2320-424: The natives' villages if they refused to cooperate. As part of the peace treaty, Bouquet demanded the return of all white captives in exchange for a promise not to destroy the Indian villages or seize any of their land. The return of the captives caused much bitterness among the tribesmen, because many of them had been forcibly adopted into Indian families as small children, and living among the Native Americans had been

2378-468: The new district of Nyon. The municipality is located on Lake Geneva on the Geneva-Lausanne highway. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Or and Vert. Rolle has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 6,260. As of 2008 , 41.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 36.9%. It has changed at

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2436-501: The only life they remembered. Some 'white Indians' such as Rhoda Boyd managed to escape back into the native villages; many others were never exchanged. Bouquet was responsible for the return more than 200 white captives to the settlements back east. In 1765, Bouquet was promoted to brigadier general and placed in command of all British forces in the southern colonies. He died in Pensacola , West Florida , on 2 September 1765. Bouquet

2494-663: The population are between 0 and 9 years old and 879 teenagers or 15.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 629 people or 11.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 921 people or 16.5% are between 30 and 39, 853 people or 15.3% are between 40 and 49, and 611 people or 11.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 478 people or 8.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 338 people or 6.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 190 people or 3.4% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 42 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older. As of 2000 , there were 1,899 people who were single and never married in

2552-400: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 672 or (15.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 672 who completed tertiary schooling, 44.5% were Swiss men, 26.8% were Swiss women, 16.4% were non-Swiss men and 12.4% were non-Swiss women. In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 618 students in

2610-440: The population) who were Jewish , and 213 (or about 5.03% of the population) who were Muslim . There were 10 individuals who were Buddhist , five who were Hindu and 23 who belonged to another church. A total of 615 residents (or about 14.52% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 277 individuals (or about 6.54% of the population) did not answer the question. In Rolle about 1,163 or (27.5%) of

2668-506: The possession of the lord of Avenches and the Praroman family. During the Bernese invasion of 1536, both Le Rosey Castle and Rolle Castle were attacked and burned. Under Bernese rule (1536–1798) Rolle was part of the bailiwick of Morges. In 1558, the Bernese merchant Hans Steiger, who was already the lord of Mont-le-Grand, acquired the barony of Rolle. His family retained the property until

2726-460: The receptacle of relics bearing on the Colonial and Revolutionary periods of its existence....I will therefore...leave the ladies of your Society, who have the history of western Pennsylvania at their finger ends, to tell the story of the chivalrous Frenchmen, cruel, crafty Indians, courageous British, and intrepid Colonists. It is fitting that this old landmark, rich in historic associations of more than

2784-403: The rest of the households, there are 394 married couples without children, 514 married couples with children. There were 86 single parents with a child or children. There were 28 households that were made up of unrelated people and 48 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 259 single family homes (or 39.5% of the total) out of

2842-434: The road from Fort Bedford, his troops were attacked by French and Indians at Loyalhanna , near present Ligonier, Pennsylvania , but the attack was repulsed and they continued on to Fort Duquesne , only to find it razed by the fleeing French. In 1763, bands of Native Americans joined forces to remove the British from their territory in what is most often called Pontiac's War . Pontiac , an Ottawa war leader, began urging

2900-508: The tertiary sector was 2,023. In the tertiary sector; 966 or 47.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 43 or 2.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 93 or 4.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 81 or 4.0% were in the information industry, 33 or 1.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 82 or 4.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 330 or 16.3% were in education and 182 or 9.0% were in health care. In 2000 , there were 1,314 workers who commuted into

2958-504: Was a Swiss mercenary who rose to prominence in British service during the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War . He is best known for his victory over a Native American force at the Battle of Bushy Run , lifting the siege of Fort Pitt during Pontiac's War. During the conflict Bouquet gained lasting infamy in an exchange of letters with his commanding officer, Jeffery Amherst , who suggested

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3016-569: Was a center of revolutionary fervor. Amédée de La Harpe presided, in Rolle on 15 July 1791, over a revolutionary banquet. Following the French invasion of Switzerland in 1798, Rolle became the seat of a district of the same name. In 1799 the Helvetic Republic bought the castle from the municipality and used it until 1974 as the seat of government. In 1802, during the Bourla-papey uprising, patrician land titles and tax records were burned in

3074-548: Was a major cause of death since the arrival of Europeans and their animals. The journal of Trent, who served the commander of the militia at the fort, has provided evidence that this plan was carried out: [June] 24th [1763] The Turtles Heart a principal Warrior of the Delawares and Mamaltee a Chief came within a small distance of the Fort Mr. McKee went out to them and they made a Speech letting us know that all our [POSTS] as Ligonier

3132-565: Was a member of, submitted a reimbursement invoice on which was written: "To Sundries got to Replace in kind those which were taken from people in the Hospital to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians Vizt." General Thomas Gage approved reimbursement to the company. A reported outbreak that began the spring before left as many as one hundred Native Americans dead in Ohio Country from 1763 to 1764. It

3190-776: Was destroyed, that great numbers of Indians [were coming and] that out of regard to us, they had prevailed on 6 Nations [not to] attack us but give us time to go down the Country and they desired we would set of immediately. The Commanding Officer thanked them, let them know that we had everything we wanted, that we could defend it against all the Indians in the Woods, that we had three large Armys marching to Chastise those Indians that had struck us, told them to take care of their Women and Children, but not to tell any other Natives, they said they would go and speak to their Chiefs and come and tell us what they said, they returned and said they would hold fast of

3248-501: Was discovered and partially destroyed in 1835 during construction of the artificial island of Île de la Harpe . A second settlement from the same period was found in Fleur d'Eau. In 1984, in La Combe, a first to third century AD Gallo-Roman estate was discovered. The remains of the moat and the ramparts of Rolle Castle were uncovered in 1985. Fragments of a medieval city wall were found in

3306-643: Was likely the son of Isaac-Barthélemy Bouquet, a mercenary in the service of the Kingdom of Sardinia , and Madeleine Rolaz. Like many military officers of his day, Bouquet traveled between countries serving as a professional soldier. He began his military career in 1736 in the army of the Dutch Republic , and later in 1739 joined the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia. In 1748, he was again in Dutch service as lieutenant colonel of

3364-457: Was the tutor of Alexander I of Russia and was largely responsible for the independence of the Canton of Vaud from the Bernese . Rolle is first mentioned in 1294 as Rotuli . In 1295 it was known as Ruello and Ruelloz the city in 1330 after it passed into the hands of Jean De Grailly the 1st an Knight entrusted to care for the future King Edward the 2nd. A late Bronze Age lake side settlement

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